Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-06-24DOI: 10.3998/ujph.7613
Micah J Hopkins
Prior autism research has noted a particular death in knowledge related to autistic mothers and their experiences with maternal care. This literature review synthesizes existing research on autistic mothers and their maternal experiences, focusing on the perinatal, birth, postpartum, and early childhood period. This search resulted in a final analysis of 17 articles. This review highlights major disparities between non-autistic women and autistic women across all phases of maternity. In particular, autistic women faced significant stigma and poor understanding of autism from medical providers, did not receive information in accessible forms, experienced distress and sensory overload due to the hospital environment, and had higher rates of postpartum anxiety and depression. Most autistic women still found motherhood to be a rewarding experience, showed resilience in advocating for proper care, and shared intense feelings of love, connection, and empathy for their children. The literature points to the need for leadership from autistic mothers and experts, who can use their lived experience to set priorities and change systems such that autistic women can reach reproductive justice.
{"title":"Autistic Women's Maternal Health: A Review of the Literature on Prenatal, Birth, and Postpartum Experiences for Autistic Mothers.","authors":"Micah J Hopkins","doi":"10.3998/ujph.7613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.7613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior autism research has noted a particular death in knowledge related to autistic mothers and their experiences with maternal care. This literature review synthesizes existing research on autistic mothers and their maternal experiences, focusing on the perinatal, birth, postpartum, and early childhood period. This search resulted in a final analysis of 17 articles. This review highlights major disparities between non-autistic women and autistic women across all phases of maternity. In particular, autistic women faced significant stigma and poor understanding of autism from medical providers, did not receive information in accessible forms, experienced distress and sensory overload due to the hospital environment, and had higher rates of postpartum anxiety and depression. Most autistic women still found motherhood to be a rewarding experience, showed resilience in advocating for proper care, and shared intense feelings of love, connection, and empathy for their children. The literature points to the need for leadership from autistic mothers and experts, who can use their lived experience to set priorities and change systems such that autistic women can reach reproductive justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":"9 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-24DOI: 10.3998/ujph.7608
Rebecca Pulliam, Kenneth Bauman, Jalen Smith, Kylie Rice, Gary W Harper
Gun violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) are two public health issues that intersect significantly in the United States, contributing to the urgent need for legislative changes. There is federal legislation that aims to address the rising firearm-related deaths that result from IPV by prohibiting persons convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence offenses from possessing firearms. Yet, this legislation leaves loopholes in interpretation by each state, whereby some have chosen to strengthen and others to weaken regulations. Gaps persist in legal definitions of "domestic violence" as well as how the removal of firearms is enforced. To address the intersection of these two life-threatening public health issues, federal legislation must be amended to increase clarity and standardize processes of enforcement. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the shortcomings among current IPV-related firearm legislation while recommending that further action be taken to amend these considerations. Specifically, the Strengthening Protections for Domestic Violence and Stalking Survivors Act of 2023 could account for the omitted considerations among current legislation. In turn, this will extend protections to more individuals and may prevent cases of firearm-related intimate partner violence.
{"title":"Closing the Gap: The Need to Eliminate Loopholes in Legislation at the Intersection of Gun Violence and Intimate Partner Violence.","authors":"Rebecca Pulliam, Kenneth Bauman, Jalen Smith, Kylie Rice, Gary W Harper","doi":"10.3998/ujph.7608","DOIUrl":"10.3998/ujph.7608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gun violence and intimate partner violence (IPV) are two public health issues that intersect significantly in the United States, contributing to the urgent need for legislative changes. There is federal legislation that aims to address the rising firearm-related deaths that result from IPV by prohibiting persons convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence offenses from possessing firearms. Yet, this legislation leaves loopholes in interpretation by each state, whereby some have chosen to strengthen and others to weaken regulations. Gaps persist in legal definitions of \"domestic violence\" as well as how the removal of firearms is enforced. To address the intersection of these two life-threatening public health issues, federal legislation must be amended to increase clarity and standardize processes of enforcement. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the shortcomings among current IPV-related firearm legislation while recommending that further action be taken to amend these considerations. Specifically, the Strengthening Protections for Domestic Violence and Stalking Survivors Act of 2023 could account for the omitted considerations among current legislation. In turn, this will extend protections to more individuals and may prevent cases of firearm-related intimate partner violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":"9 ","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter from the 2022-2023 Editors","authors":"Avery Tomaso, G. Rastogi","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.3942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48691212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s, as well as the Alzheimer’s primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention strategies that can be implemented. Alzheimer's is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the most expensive chronic disease (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020). It has a detrimental physical, psychological, and financial impact on patients and caregivers (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020). People can reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer’s by eating a healthy diet, using hearing aids for hearing loss, engaging in regular physical activity, spending time with other people, doing mentally stimulating activities, reducing alcohol consumption, and avoiding tobacco (Livingston et al., 2020). Early screening and diagnostic tools are important because they allow people living with Alzheimer’s to establish an effective care plan and to take advantage of treatments, which are most effective in the early stages of the disease (Guzman-Martinez et al., 2021). Some screening and diagnostic tools include biomarkers, scalable screening technologies, and cognitive assessments (Guzman-Martinez et al.,18 2021). Primary and secondary prevention strategies must address the needs of minority populations, who have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s compared to the general population (Livingston et al., 2020). Federal public health initiatives, such as the National Alzheimer’s Project Act, the Dementia Prevention Action Plan, and the Behavioral Risk Surveillance System, play an important role in Alzheimer’s public health research, surveillance, and prevention strategies (Chong et al., 2021; Kelley et al., 2018).
本文探讨了阿尔茨海默病不可改变和可改变的危险因素，以及可实施的阿尔茨海默病一级预防、二级预防和三级预防策略。阿尔茨海默病是美国第六大死亡原因，也是最昂贵的慢性病(阿尔茨海默病协会，2020年)。它会对患者和护理人员产生有害的身体、心理和经济影响(阿尔茨海默氏症协会，2020年)。人们可以通过健康饮食、使用助听器治疗听力损失、定期进行体育锻炼、与他人共度时光、进行精神刺激活动、减少饮酒和避免吸烟来降低患阿尔茨海默氏症的风险(Livingston et al.， 2020)。早期筛查和诊断工具很重要，因为它们使阿尔茨海默病患者能够制定有效的护理计划，并利用在疾病早期最有效的治疗方法(Guzman-Martinez et al.， 2021)。一些筛查和诊断工具包括生物标志物、可扩展的筛查技术和认知评估(Guzman-Martinez et al,18 2021)。初级和二级预防策略必须满足少数民族人群的需求，与普通人群相比，他们患阿尔茨海默病的风险更高(Livingston等人，2020)。联邦公共卫生倡议，如国家阿尔茨海默病项目法案、痴呆症预防行动计划和行为风险监测系统，在阿尔茨海默病公共卫生研究、监测和预防战略中发挥重要作用(Chong等人，2021;Kelley等人，2018)。
{"title":"A Review of Primary. Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"H. O’Donnell","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.3946","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s, as well as the Alzheimer’s primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention strategies that can be implemented. Alzheimer's is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the most expensive chronic disease (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020). It has a detrimental physical, psychological, and financial impact on patients and caregivers (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020). People can reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer’s by eating a healthy diet, using hearing aids for hearing loss, engaging in regular physical activity, spending time with other people, doing mentally stimulating activities, reducing alcohol consumption, and avoiding tobacco (Livingston et al., 2020). Early screening and diagnostic tools are important because they allow people living with Alzheimer’s to establish an effective care plan and to take advantage of treatments, which are most effective in the early stages of the disease (Guzman-Martinez et al., 2021). Some screening and diagnostic tools include biomarkers, scalable screening technologies, and cognitive assessments (Guzman-Martinez et al.,18 2021). Primary and secondary prevention strategies must address the needs of minority populations, who have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s compared to the general population (Livingston et al., 2020). Federal public health initiatives, such as the National Alzheimer’s Project Act, the Dementia Prevention Action Plan, and the Behavioral Risk Surveillance System, play an important role in Alzheimer’s public health research, surveillance, and prevention strategies (Chong et al., 2021; Kelley et al., 2018).","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47064066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stratified reproduction is defined as a systemic devaluation of one group’s reproductive capacity over another’s (Harris & Wolfe, 2014). This article seeks to analyze the effects of stratified reproduction on the experiences of Black women with postpartum depression. Beginning with a thorough analysis of postpartum depression, its prevalence, and its methods of treatment, the paper then goes on to evaluate the existing research done on postpartum depression in Black women specifically. After analyzing evidence that indicates higher rates of mental illness among Black mothers, the paper examines stratified reproduction and a new term “stratified post-reproduction” is defined. In comparison, stratified post-reproduction, a term coined by the author, serves to elucidate the ways in which the prioritization of and concentration on white women’s post birth experiences by the medical community at large leads to a lower quality of treatment of non-white women and mothers of other marginalized groups (Primm et al., 2010). This creates a system that increases the rates of postpartum depression among Black women and keeps Black women from seeking post-birth care for this depression. The paper concludes by offering community based, feminist, and Black centered approaches to treating and caring for Black mothers in the period directly after birth. It is important to center Black voices and experiences in conversations about systemic oppression and thus the article cites research analyzing interviews done with Black mothers and focuses on research conducted by people of color and women.
{"title":"Stratified Post-Reproduction: An Analysis of Black Women’s Barriers to Postpartum Depression Treatment","authors":"Beatriz Leal Brockey","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.3948","url":null,"abstract":"Stratified reproduction is defined as a systemic devaluation of one group’s reproductive\u0000capacity over another’s (Harris & Wolfe, 2014). This article seeks to analyze the effects of\u0000stratified reproduction on the experiences of Black women with postpartum depression.\u0000Beginning with a thorough analysis of postpartum depression, its prevalence, and its methods of\u0000treatment, the paper then goes on to evaluate the existing research done on postpartum\u0000depression in Black women specifically. After analyzing evidence that indicates higher rates of\u0000mental illness among Black mothers, the paper examines stratified reproduction and a new term\u0000“stratified post-reproduction” is defined. In comparison, stratified post-reproduction, a term\u0000coined by the author, serves to elucidate the ways in which the prioritization of and concentration\u0000on white women’s post birth experiences by the medical community at large leads to a lower\u0000quality of treatment of non-white women and mothers of other marginalized groups (Primm et\u0000al., 2010). This creates a system that increases the rates of postpartum depression among Black\u0000women and keeps Black women from seeking post-birth care for this depression. The paper\u0000concludes by offering community based, feminist, and Black centered approaches to treating and\u0000caring for Black mothers in the period directly after birth. It is important to center Black voices\u0000and experiences in conversations about systemic oppression and thus the article cites research\u0000analyzing interviews done with Black mothers and focuses on research conducted by people of\u0000color and women.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42805349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weighing Government Intervention during the Global Covid Health Crisis","authors":"Samantha Staudinger","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.3944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44403646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The HIV pandemic has made a significant impact on various communities and demographics in the US. Although special attention has been given to African, Latin, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white American communities, Asian American and Pacific Islander (A/PI) communities are often overlooked in HIV prevention efforts. Regardless of how statistically reassuring HIV diagnoses by ethnicity may seem, HIV poses a threat to the A/PI community. The “model minority” stereotype, lack of cultural and linguistic accommodations in HIV education, and cultural barriers may account for the lack of HIV testing and prevention in A/PI communities. The “model minority” stereotype projected onto A/PI individuals and their health gives a false sense of security in their current health status. Lack of education leads to misconceptions around HIV spread and transmission within A/PI communities. Cultural barriers continue to impact disclosure of HIV status among A/PI individuals and has a role in limiting HIV prevention efforts in these communities. Personal accounts and studies on HIV-positive Asian Americans show the lasting impact the “model minority” label, gap in HIV education, and cultural barriers have on combating HIV in A/PI communities. HIV needs to be addressed in A/PI communities and public health measures, HIV education, and A/PI HIV support groups may encourage greater HIV awareness, testing, and prevention in A/PI communities.
{"title":"The Unspoken Plight of HIV Gripping Asian/Pacific Islander Communities in America","authors":"S. Shaw","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.3951","url":null,"abstract":"The HIV pandemic has made a significant impact on various communities and\u0000demographics in the US. Although special attention has been given to African, Latin, Hispanic,\u0000and non-Hispanic white American communities, Asian American and Pacific Islander (A/PI)\u0000communities are often overlooked in HIV prevention efforts. Regardless of how statistically\u0000reassuring HIV diagnoses by ethnicity may seem, HIV poses a threat to the A/PI community.\u0000The “model minority” stereotype, lack of cultural and linguistic accommodations in HIV\u0000education, and cultural barriers may account for the lack of HIV testing and prevention in A/PI\u0000communities. The “model minority” stereotype projected onto A/PI individuals and their health\u0000gives a false sense of security in their current health status. Lack of education leads to\u0000misconceptions around HIV spread and transmission within A/PI communities. Cultural barriers\u0000continue to impact disclosure of HIV status among A/PI individuals and has a role in limiting\u0000HIV prevention efforts in these communities. Personal accounts and studies on HIV-positive\u0000Asian Americans show the lasting impact the “model minority” label, gap in HIV education, and\u0000cultural barriers have on combating HIV in A/PI communities. HIV needs to be addressed in\u0000A/PI communities and public health measures, HIV education, and A/PI HIV support groups\u0000may encourage greater HIV awareness, testing, and prevention in A/PI communities.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44639326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproductive loss can take many forms. Common experiences include abortions, stillbirths, or miscarriages. Especially in a post-Roe time and space, the health disparities and stigmas that exist surrounding reproductive loss and those experiencing pregnancy loss have become even more apparent. Health disparities continue to exist through sociodemographic factors such as ethnicity, gender, race, and socioeconomic status. As found in existing literature on individuals’ experiences with reproductive health care, each person’s experiences strongly correlate with their identities. The level of reproductive care and compassion received vary dramatically as a result, with people of color and lower socioeconomic statuses receiving lower quality of care when seeking it out. Trends in unintended pregnancies and access to support resources also reinforce the idea that health disparities are at play. Additionally, intersectionality, or the overlapping of an individual’s multiple identities, plays an important role in the disparities seen within reproductive healthcare as discrimination and other structural factors are designed to benefit certain groups of individuals while putting others at disadvantages. Studies and surveys of individuals who have experienced pregnancy loss have addressed the existence of these inequalities within reproductive health care. Through a reproductive justice perspective, this literature review aims to bring attention to the disparities present in reproductive healthcare and how the work of reproductive loss doulas, which are full-spectrum doulas who honor all reproductive experiences, may address these disparities with sensitive and compassionate care. While addressing nationwide disparities in pregnancy loss, this literature review uses the state of Michigan to also analyze the current legislative efforts designed to expand access to critical reproductive health care services.
{"title":"The Role of Doulas in Addressing Disparities, Barriers, and Potential Solutions to Navigating Reproductive Loss","authors":"Jon Musai, N. Shields, Lucy Zhang, Buu-Hac Nguyen","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.3945","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive loss can take many forms. Common experiences include abortions, stillbirths, or miscarriages. Especially in a post-Roe time and space, the health disparities and stigmas that exist surrounding reproductive loss and those experiencing pregnancy loss have become even more apparent. Health disparities continue to exist through sociodemographic factors such as ethnicity, gender, race, and socioeconomic status. As found in existing literature on individuals’ experiences with reproductive health care, each person’s experiences strongly correlate with their identities. The level of reproductive care and compassion received vary dramatically as a result, with people of color and lower socioeconomic statuses receiving lower quality of care when seeking it out. Trends in unintended pregnancies and access to support resources also reinforce the idea that health disparities are at play. Additionally, intersectionality, or the overlapping of an individual’s multiple identities, plays an important role in the disparities seen within reproductive healthcare as discrimination and other structural factors are designed to benefit certain groups of individuals while putting others at disadvantages. Studies and surveys of individuals who have experienced pregnancy loss have addressed the existence of these inequalities within reproductive health care. Through a reproductive justice perspective, this literature review aims to bring attention to the disparities present in reproductive healthcare and how the work of reproductive loss doulas, which are full-spectrum doulas who honor all reproductive experiences, may address these disparities with sensitive and compassionate care. While addressing nationwide disparities in pregnancy loss, this literature review uses the state of Michigan to also analyze the current legislative efforts designed to expand access to critical reproductive health care services.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45853525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to determine if and how mass incarceration denies women of color their right to reproductive justice in the United States. By analyzing the prison system’s legal framework as well as its practices, the study aims to analyze both known and unknown barriers to reproductive justice in the correctional setting. Data on such policies and practices was collected through personal interviews as well as through podcast interviews with formerly incarcerated women and a lawyer knowledgeable in prison healthcare laws within the United States. The findings from this data indicate that incarcerated women are not just denied necessary reproductive healthcare, but are essentially punished by the prison system for existing as reproductive individuals. Furthermore, this oppression disproportionately harms women of color due to the disproportionate mass incarceration of black and brown people in the United States, which stems from the criminalization of poverty and the “war on drugs” that began in the 1970s. These findings imply that there is a large group of women who have and continue to be dehumanized and threatened behind walls. Reproductive healthcare is necessary healthcare; thus, it must be prioritized in prison reform and legislature.
{"title":"Behind Walls: Mass Incarceration as an Oppressor of Reproductive Justice in the United States","authors":"Anna J. Ravzi","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.3943","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine if and how mass incarceration denies women of color\u0000their right to reproductive justice in the United States. By analyzing the prison system’s legal\u0000framework as well as its practices, the study aims to analyze both known and unknown barriers\u0000to reproductive justice in the correctional setting. Data on such policies and practices was\u0000collected through personal interviews as well as through podcast interviews with formerly\u0000incarcerated women and a lawyer knowledgeable in prison healthcare laws within the United\u0000States. The findings from this data indicate that incarcerated women are not just denied\u0000necessary reproductive healthcare, but are essentially punished by the prison system for existing\u0000as reproductive individuals. Furthermore, this oppression disproportionately harms women of\u0000color due to the disproportionate mass incarceration of black and brown people in the United\u0000States, which stems from the criminalization of poverty and the “war on drugs” that began in the\u00001970s. These findings imply that there is a large group of women who have and continue to be\u0000dehumanized and threatened behind walls. Reproductive healthcare is necessary healthcare; thus,\u0000it must be prioritized in prison reform and legislature.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45005514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lesbian and bisexual cisgender women have higher rates of breast cancer and breast cancer mortality than their heterosexual counterparts (Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities, 2014). There is not much known about why this is the case, although most researchers revert to the common hypotheses that the increased prevalence of obesity, substance abuse, and nulliparity (not having given birth) among lesbian and bisexual women contributes to incidences of breast cancer (Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities, 2014). These hypotheses place individual responsibility on sexual minority women with breast cancer as opposed to identifying complicated, underlying structural problems. This literature review argues that homophobia and bisexual invisibility, in conjunction with fatphobia and inaccurate research methodology, have prevented clinicians and scientists from thoroughly examining the ways in which increased rates alcohol abuse, the physiological effects of stress due to discrimination, and a lower rate of receiving mammograms caused by perceived negative judgment from healthcare providers contribute to the higher prevalence of breast cancer among lesbian and bisexual women.
{"title":"Dispelling Myths Regarding Cisgender Sexual Minority Women and Breast Cancer","authors":"Rachel Troy","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.3947","url":null,"abstract":"Lesbian and bisexual cisgender women have higher rates of breast cancer and breast cancer mortality than their heterosexual counterparts (Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities, 2014). There is not much known about why this is the case, although most researchers revert to the common hypotheses that the increased prevalence of obesity, substance abuse, and nulliparity (not having given birth) among lesbian and bisexual women contributes to incidences of breast cancer (Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities, 2014). These hypotheses place individual responsibility on sexual minority women with breast cancer as opposed to identifying complicated, underlying structural problems. This literature review argues that homophobia and bisexual invisibility, in conjunction with fatphobia and inaccurate research methodology, have prevented clinicians and scientists from thoroughly examining the ways in which increased rates alcohol abuse, the physiological effects of stress due to discrimination, and a lower rate of receiving mammograms caused by perceived negative judgment from healthcare providers contribute to the higher prevalence of breast cancer among lesbian and bisexual women.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47322581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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