Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-14DOI: 10.3998/ujph.3949
Myla Lyons, Gary W Harper, Laura Jadwin-Cakmak, Adrian Beyer, Susan M Graham
Young gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are a key population at high risk for new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Kenya; thus, increased efforts are necessary to reduce their health risks. This qualitative study describes recommendations offered by young GBMSM in Kenya regarding the development and delivery of culturally appropriate HIV prevention services. Both young GBMSM Community Members and Peer Educators recommend that future HIV prevention efforts enhance economic empowerment, provide mental health and substance use services, and incorporate arts-based health promotion strategies. In addition, participants recommended that public health professionals increase the ease of access to HIV prevention services for GBMSM and that researchers disseminate findings from HIV prevention research back to the community.
{"title":"Listening to the Voices of Gay and Bisexual Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kenya: Recommendations for Improved HIV Prevention Programming.","authors":"Myla Lyons, Gary W Harper, Laura Jadwin-Cakmak, Adrian Beyer, Susan M Graham","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3949","DOIUrl":"10.3998/ujph.3949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Young gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are a key population at high risk for new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Kenya; thus, increased efforts are necessary to reduce their health risks. This qualitative study describes recommendations offered by young GBMSM in Kenya regarding the development and delivery of culturally appropriate HIV prevention services. Both young GBMSM Community Members and Peer Educators recommend that future HIV prevention efforts enhance economic empowerment, provide mental health and substance use services, and incorporate arts-based health promotion strategies. In addition, participants recommended that public health professionals increase the ease of access to HIV prevention services for GBMSM and that researchers disseminate findings from HIV prevention research back to the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":"7 ","pages":"84-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10310496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9753668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-06-14DOI: 10.3998/ujph.3950
Evan Hall
The COVID-19 pandemic saw the disruption of HIV/STI testing services at crucial student-oriented spaces at the University of Michigan, including the Spectrum Center, an LGBTQ+ event and education space, and Wolverine Wellness, a well-being initiative through the University Health Services, alongside massive disruptions to testing seen elsewhere around the country (Zapata et al., 2022). HIV/STI testing resumed in October during the Fall 2021 semester at the University of Michigan at Wolverine Wellness and Spectrum Center. At the Spectrum Center, the oldest LGBTQ+ college center in the country, I had the unique opportunity to partner with professional and student staff to foster an environment sensitive to cultural needs, including awareness of how sexual and gender identity intersects with student sexual health and well-being. Additionally, at both sites, COVID-19 protocols from the state and university were also established in the new workflow of testing services. The re-introduction of HIV/STI testing services through student-oriented sites at the University of Michigan required a reassessment of work flow standards and engagement with the campus student population.
{"title":"Re-establishing HIV/STI Testing Services Through University Student-Oriented Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Evan Hall","doi":"10.3998/ujph.3950","DOIUrl":"10.3998/ujph.3950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic saw the disruption of HIV/STI testing services at crucial student-oriented spaces at the University of Michigan, including the Spectrum Center, an LGBTQ+ event and education space, and Wolverine Wellness, a well-being initiative through the University Health Services, alongside massive disruptions to testing seen elsewhere around the country (Zapata et al., 2022). HIV/STI testing resumed in October during the Fall 2021 semester at the University of Michigan at Wolverine Wellness and Spectrum Center. At the Spectrum Center, the oldest LGBTQ+ college center in the country, I had the unique opportunity to partner with professional and student staff to foster an environment sensitive to cultural needs, including awareness of how sexual and gender identity intersects with student sexual health and well-being. Additionally, at both sites, COVID-19 protocols from the state and university were also established in the new workflow of testing services. The re-introduction of HIV/STI testing services through student-oriented sites at the University of Michigan required a reassessment of work flow standards and engagement with the campus student population.</p>","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10883352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43363150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronavirus pandemic resulted in wholly unprecedented shifts in daily life and routine. This included more individuals working from home, utilizing video chatting software daily, and increased social media usage (SMU) during lockdowns. SMU has consistently been shown to increase during crises. Social media and video chat usage are on the rise, but many do not acknowledge the negative impacts of high usage. However, high SMU has been associated with negative body image perception and reduced self-confidence. It has also been associated with the development of other disordered behaviors and conditions such as eating disorders and anxiety. Through a comprehensive literature review of recently published studies, there appears to be a strong association between young adults who increased their SMU during the pandemic and suffered from a negative body image perception and reduced self-confidence. As an example, adding more body-positive programming aimed at improving body image perceptions and self-confidence will likely contribute to a reduced chance of developing associated behaviors. Furthermore, mitigation strategies such as mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, and dialectical thinking should be encouraged and widely accessible in the United States regardless of insurance coverage. However, further research will be needed to determine if these effects will persist post-pandemic and which mitigation strategies are most effective.
{"title":"The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Media Usage and Body Image Perceptions in Young Adults","authors":"Magda Wojtara","doi":"10.3998/ujph.2321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.2321","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus pandemic resulted in wholly unprecedented shifts in daily life and routine. This included more individuals working from home, utilizing video chatting software daily, and increased social media usage (SMU) during lockdowns. SMU has consistently been shown to increase during crises. Social media and video chat usage are on the rise, but many do not acknowledge the negative impacts of high usage. However, high SMU has been associated with negative body image perception and reduced self-confidence. It has also been associated with the development of other disordered behaviors and conditions such as eating disorders and anxiety. Through a comprehensive literature review of recently published studies, there appears to be a strong association between young adults who increased their SMU during the pandemic and suffered from a negative body image perception and reduced self-confidence. As an example, adding more body-positive programming aimed at improving body image perceptions and self-confidence will likely contribute to a reduced chance of developing associated behaviors. Furthermore, mitigation strategies such as mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, and dialectical thinking should be encouraged and widely accessible in the United States regardless of insurance coverage. However, further research will be needed to determine if these effects will persist post-pandemic and which mitigation strategies are most effective.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45038984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current state of healthcare in Africa is disastrous, especially when compared to that of Western societies. Statistics show that people are dying young and experiencing disability at an exponentially higher rate in Africa than people in Western society. The root of this inequality is attributed to multiple sources. Some speculate that this inequality is due to the state of Africa itself. The weak economy and corrupt leadership must have created these health issues in Africa. Others argue it is due to the lack of development of the African society. Underfunded social services, the lack of infrastructure, and the depletion of human and material resources play a role in the health disparities. These speculations scratch at the surface of issues of inequality in Africa but fail to address the underlying causes. These factors play a role in the lackluster healthcare system in Africa and are negatively affecting the health of Africans. It is evident that the ills of the healthcare system are caused not by Africans themselves but rather by the system of colonialism that is exploiting and depriving Africa continuously through corruption, the lack of self-agency, and the idolization of Western culture. This article will examine the roots of colonialism embedded in the healthcare system in one country, Ghana, to model methods of change for the rest of the continent. Inequality is a radical force in society and can only be solved through radical means. Solutions to jumpstart the healthcare system in Ghana, and Africa as a whole, are necessary to release the ties of colonialism from Africa that exacerbate inequality in the healthcare system.
{"title":"Free At Last: An Introspective Guide into the Embedded Roots of Colonialism in the Current State of Healthcare in Ghana","authors":"Evelyn Boateng-Ade","doi":"10.3998/ujph.2310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.2310","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of healthcare in Africa is disastrous, especially when compared to that of Western societies. Statistics show that people are dying young and experiencing disability at an exponentially higher rate in Africa than people in Western society. The root of this inequality is attributed to multiple sources. Some speculate that this inequality is due to the state of Africa itself. The weak economy and corrupt leadership must have created these health issues in Africa. Others argue it is due to the lack of development of the African society. Underfunded social services, the lack of infrastructure, and the depletion of human and material resources play a role in the health disparities. These speculations scratch at the surface of issues of inequality in Africa but fail to address the underlying causes. These factors play a role in the lackluster healthcare system in Africa and are negatively affecting the health of Africans. It is evident that the ills of the healthcare system are caused not by Africans themselves but rather by the system of colonialism that is exploiting and depriving Africa continuously through corruption, the lack of self-agency, and the idolization of Western culture. This article will examine the roots of colonialism embedded in the healthcare system in one country, Ghana, to model methods of change for the rest of the continent. Inequality is a radical force in society and can only be solved through radical means. Solutions to jumpstart the healthcare system in Ghana, and Africa as a whole, are necessary to release the ties of colonialism from Africa that exacerbate inequality in the healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily Kopp, Noah Zimmerman, A. Yu, Alexandra Pejas
In this study, we examined polio eradication efforts in the urban and rural areas of Nigeria and India. Our method utilized past literature and databases to support our comparison of the different issues Nigeria and India had with distributing the oral polio vaccine (OPV). The data showed that Nigeria had issues with political and social misconceptions about the OPV in both urban and rural areas while India had technical issues with vaccine distribution. Therefore, it was necessary for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative to implement polio campaigns, reorganize their plan in vaccine distribution, and provide more vaccines to children in isolated areas where there is poor medical infrastructure in both Nigeria and India. We conclude that there needs to be a greater cultural understanding among vaccine distributors and improvements to the vaccine distribution technology in Nigeria and India.
{"title":"A Case Study of the Barriers to Eradicating Polio in Nigeria and India’s Urban and Rural Settings","authors":"Emily Kopp, Noah Zimmerman, A. Yu, Alexandra Pejas","doi":"10.3998/ujph.2312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.2312","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examined polio eradication efforts in the urban and rural areas of Nigeria and India. Our method utilized past literature and databases to support our comparison of the different issues Nigeria and India had with distributing the oral polio vaccine (OPV). The data showed that Nigeria had issues with political and social misconceptions about the OPV in both urban and rural areas while India had technical issues with vaccine distribution. Therefore, it was necessary for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative to implement polio campaigns, reorganize their plan in vaccine distribution, and provide more vaccines to children in isolated areas where there is poor medical infrastructure in both Nigeria and India. We conclude that there needs to be a greater cultural understanding among vaccine distributors and improvements to the vaccine distribution technology in Nigeria and India.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41638169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2018, the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) named Wayne State University (WSU) the nation’s fastest-improving university for graduation rates with an increase from 26% to 47% between 2011 and 2017. This growth was influenced by programs and organizations focused on narrowing the student population achievement gap, including men of color. Since 2016, WSU has utilized a culturally competent approach to support Black male students. The approach highlighted here is The Brotherhood, a student-led organization geared toward undergraduate Black men. As part of the larger initiative to increase graduation rates, this organization concentrates on social action and student engagement while encompassing facets of academic, social, and emotional wellness. We conducted a study to obtain quantitative and qualitative data about this organization’s potential impact on Black male undergraduate students. Our results suggest that WSU Black males participating in The Brotherhood have performed better academically than other Black WSU students in their cohort. Additionally, we found that these members learned critical transferable skills applicable to their career fields. Here we describe the fundamental components of The Brotherhood that are attributed to these findings.
{"title":"Developing a Black Student-Led Support Infrastructure at Wayne State University, a Predominantly White Institution","authors":"Kamali A. Clora, Miles N. Reuben, Kenya Swanson","doi":"10.3998/ujph.2311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.2311","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) named Wayne State University (WSU) the nation’s fastest-improving university for graduation rates with an increase from 26% to 47% between 2011 and 2017. This growth was influenced by programs and organizations focused on narrowing the student population achievement gap, including men of color. Since 2016, WSU has utilized a culturally competent approach to support Black male students. The approach highlighted here is The Brotherhood, a student-led organization geared toward undergraduate Black men. As part of the larger initiative to increase graduation rates, this organization concentrates on social action and student engagement while encompassing facets of academic, social, and emotional wellness. We conducted a study to obtain quantitative and qualitative data about this organization’s potential impact on Black male undergraduate students. Our results suggest that WSU Black males participating in The Brotherhood have performed better academically than other Black WSU students in their cohort. Additionally, we found that these members learned critical transferable skills applicable to their career fields. Here we describe the fundamental components of The Brotherhood that are attributed to these findings.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46877431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible health effects of climate change on Black girls’ and women’s health in the United States and analyze Black women-centered solutions for climate change mitigation. Anthropogenic climate change is projected to have a deleterious effect on human health, with rising heat levels, increasing levels of air pollution, and extreme weather events interacting to cause a multitude of adverse human health outcomes. At the crux of sexism and racism, Black women are projected to face a unique set of health outcomes. Racist-built environments, a legacy of hypersexualization, and a sociopolitical environment entrenched in gendered racism all create a complex set of adverse health outcomes. Furthermore, the health effects of intergenerational racialized trauma posit Black women as more susceptible to certain health conditions under climate change. Likewise, the unique positionality of Black women also means that Black women-centered methodologies lead to stronger mitigation strategies. Employing Black feminist theory, Black queer feminist theory, and Womanism to combat climate change could create more holistic, intersectional solutions. Fighting gendered racism requires a restructuring of power, thereby centering Black women as leaders in the climate movement is imperative to achieving environmental justice.
{"title":"The Impact of Climate Change on Black Girls’ and Women’s Health: Using Theory to Mitigate and Organize","authors":"Naomi Michelson","doi":"10.3998/ujph.2314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.2314","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible health effects of climate change on Black girls’ and women’s health in the United States and analyze Black women-centered solutions for climate change mitigation. Anthropogenic climate change is projected to have a deleterious effect on human health, with rising heat levels, increasing levels of air pollution, and extreme weather events interacting to cause a multitude of adverse human health outcomes. At the crux of sexism and racism, Black women are projected to face a unique set of health outcomes. Racist-built environments, a legacy of hypersexualization, and a sociopolitical environment entrenched in gendered racism all create a complex set of adverse health outcomes. Furthermore, the health effects of intergenerational racialized trauma posit Black women as more susceptible to certain health conditions under climate change. Likewise, the unique positionality of Black women also means that Black women-centered methodologies lead to stronger mitigation strategies. Employing Black feminist theory, Black queer feminist theory, and Womanism to combat climate change could create more holistic, intersectional solutions. Fighting gendered racism requires a restructuring of power, thereby centering Black women as leaders in the climate movement is imperative to achieving environmental justice.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45364888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rise of contagious disease within recent history has highlighted the ineffectiveness of the American systems set in place to deal with pandemic policies and preparedness. The confused relationship between federal and state powers as it relates to delegating roles during national health emergencies was especially highlighted during the Trump administration, understood through their decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying the protection motivation theory, a heavily research psychological theorem, to behaviors seen during past and current pandemics can offer insight into the reactionary missteps of both the government and citizens today.
{"title":"Global Pandemics: The Manifestation of Societal and Economic Havoc","authors":"T. O'Keefe","doi":"10.3998/ujph.2318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.2318","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of contagious disease within recent history has highlighted the ineffectiveness of the American systems set in place to deal with pandemic policies and preparedness. The confused relationship between federal and state powers as it relates to delegating roles during national health emergencies was especially highlighted during the Trump administration, understood through their decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying the protection motivation theory, a heavily research psychological theorem, to behaviors seen during past and current pandemics can offer insight into the reactionary missteps of both the government and citizens today.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45104964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A principle rooted in the Hippocratic medical tradition is “first, do no harm,” a core value for healthcare providers around the world. This principle is based on the importance of ensuring that no medical harm is incurred by patients before any procedures are performed. However, this principle is often violated through unseen infections that affect patients in the clinical setting. Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are illnesses that originate within hospitals and healthcare facilities where patients receive treatment. The International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium reports the HCAI prevalence in India as approximately 9.06 infections per 1,000 intensive care unit (ICU) patient days; the HCAI infection rate can vary between 4.4 and 83.09 percent across different hospitals in India, which is considerably higher than other wealthy countries (Iyer et al., 2015). Not only can HCAIs have a negative impact on patients’ health, but they can also pose risks in the long run and present a financial burden. This article will address interactions between factors such as lack of resources for sanitation, knowledge gap in proper hospital hygienic practices, poor accountability procedures, and accuracy of hospital accreditation. Additionally, I explore ways for bridging the cultural gap by integrating Ayurvedic alternative medicine principles to allow for better retention of sanitation practices among communities at the local level. Overall, by working through these detailed factors, the Indian healthcare system can focus on going above and beyond its “do no harm” guideline and enhancing patients’ lives by addressing behavioral and structural challenges related to infections originating in the clinical setting.
{"title":"Addressing the Prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in India","authors":"Chinmayi Balusu","doi":"10.3998/ujph.2307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.2307","url":null,"abstract":"A principle rooted in the Hippocratic medical tradition is “first, do no harm,” a core value for healthcare providers around the world. This principle is based on the importance of ensuring that no medical harm is incurred by patients before any procedures are performed. However, this principle is often violated through unseen infections that affect patients in the clinical setting. Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are illnesses that originate within hospitals and healthcare facilities where patients receive treatment. The International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium reports the HCAI prevalence in India as approximately 9.06 infections per 1,000 intensive care unit (ICU) patient days; the HCAI infection rate can vary between 4.4 and 83.09 percent across different hospitals in India, which is considerably higher than other wealthy countries (Iyer et al., 2015). Not only can HCAIs have a negative impact on patients’ health, but they can also pose risks in the long run and present a financial burden. This article will address interactions between factors such as lack of resources for sanitation, knowledge gap in proper hospital hygienic practices, poor accountability procedures, and accuracy of hospital accreditation. Additionally, I explore ways for bridging the cultural gap by integrating Ayurvedic alternative medicine principles to allow for better retention of sanitation practices among communities at the local level. Overall, by working through these detailed factors, the Indian healthcare system can focus on going above and beyond its “do no harm” guideline and enhancing patients’ lives by addressing behavioral and structural challenges related to infections originating in the clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44481510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An assessment of public health literature suggests that correctional institutions have adverse effects on the mental health of prisoners, and this article responds to this issue by putting the current medical model of mental illness as it is applied in the criminal justice system under a critical lens, analyzing how it has proven insufficient in providing better mental health outcomes for inmates with mental illness. An expansion of the social model of mental health is proposed, one that is grounded in the belief that consideration of the social determinants of mental health is paramount to understanding why the mentally ill are disproportionately brought into the criminal justice system in the first place. Furthermore, federal studies have shown that incarcerated women experience mental health conditions at disproportionate rates, despite making up a smaller proportion of the prison population. Explaining this gender disparity has been an emerging area of research in criminal justice and mental health reform, and this article explores it by analyzing how the prison environment perpetuates it, investigating specific social circumstances that are particularly triggering to the mental health of incarcerated women, such as separation from children and increased exposure to sexual abuse and domestic violence. The article concludes with an examination of a case study of how the expanded social model is currently being applied to the specific context of incarcerated women’s mental health, demonstrating its effectiveness and advocating for the widespread implementation of similar initiatives.
{"title":"A Social Model of Mental Illness: The Key to Liberating Incarcerated Women from Ineffective Mental Health Treatment","authors":"Madeleine Salem","doi":"10.3998/ujph.2308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/ujph.2308","url":null,"abstract":"An assessment of public health literature suggests that correctional institutions have adverse effects on the mental health of prisoners, and this article responds to this issue by putting the current medical model of mental illness as it is applied in the criminal justice system under a critical lens, analyzing how it has proven insufficient in providing better mental health outcomes for inmates with mental illness. An expansion of the social model of mental health is proposed, one that is grounded in the belief that consideration of the social determinants of mental health is paramount to understanding why the mentally ill are disproportionately brought into the criminal justice system in the first place. Furthermore, federal studies have shown that incarcerated women experience mental health conditions at disproportionate rates, despite making up a smaller proportion of the prison population. Explaining this gender disparity has been an emerging area of research in criminal justice and mental health reform, and this article explores it by analyzing how the prison environment perpetuates it, investigating specific social circumstances that are particularly triggering to the mental health of incarcerated women, such as separation from children and increased exposure to sexual abuse and domestic violence. The article concludes with an examination of a case study of how the expanded social model is currently being applied to the specific context of incarcerated women’s mental health, demonstrating its effectiveness and advocating for the widespread implementation of similar initiatives.","PeriodicalId":75202,"journal":{"name":"The undergraduate journal of public health at the University of Michigan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42690571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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