Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000133
Rebecca Foright, Tanya M Halliday, Edward L Melanson, Allison Hild, Kristina T Legget, Jason R Tregellas, Marc-Andre Cornier
Exercise is accepted as a method to improve weight loss maintenance; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs have yet to be elucidated. In this pilot study, 13 women with obesity underwent a structured weight loss program (goal 8%-10% weight loss) and were then randomized to either a 12-wk diet (n = 7) or an aerobic exercise training (n = 6) intervention aimed at maintaining weight loss. At baseline, post-weight loss, and following the weight loss maintenance interventions, measurements of appetite (hunger and satiety) and appetite-regulating hormones (leptin, ghrelin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, and glucagon-like peptide 1) were obtained after an overnight fast and for 3 h after a standardized test meal. Ad libitum energy intake was measured at a lunch meal. During the weight loss phase, participants lost 9.1% ± 1.1% of baseline body weight. Participants in both groups maintained weight loss during the 12-wk weight loss maintenance intervention. No differences in fasting leptin (P = 0.68) or in ghrelin (P = 0.30), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (P = 0.93), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (P = 0.98) area under the curve were detected between groups. Similarly, ratings of hunger (P = 0.99) and satiety (P = 0.65) area under the curve after the standardized test meal also did not differ between the groups nor did ad libitum energy intake at lunch. In summary, the 12-wk diet and exercise interventions were equally effective at maintaining weight loss in women, and no differences in measures of appetite regulation and food intake were found.
{"title":"Effects of Exercise during Weight Loss Maintenance on Appetite Regulation in Women.","authors":"Rebecca Foright, Tanya M Halliday, Edward L Melanson, Allison Hild, Kristina T Legget, Jason R Tregellas, Marc-Andre Cornier","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000133","DOIUrl":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise is accepted as a method to improve weight loss maintenance; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs have yet to be elucidated. In this pilot study, 13 women with obesity underwent a structured weight loss program (goal 8%-10% weight loss) and were then randomized to either a 12-wk diet (<i>n</i> = 7) or an aerobic exercise training (<i>n</i> = 6) intervention aimed at maintaining weight loss. At baseline, post-weight loss, and following the weight loss maintenance interventions, measurements of appetite (hunger and satiety) and appetite-regulating hormones (leptin, ghrelin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, and glucagon-like peptide 1) were obtained after an overnight fast and for 3 h after a standardized test meal. <i>Ad libitum</i> energy intake was measured at a lunch meal. During the weight loss phase, participants lost 9.1% ± 1.1% of baseline body weight. Participants in both groups maintained weight loss during the 12-wk weight loss maintenance intervention. No differences in fasting leptin (<i>P</i> = 0.68) or in ghrelin (<i>P</i> = 0.30), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (<i>P</i> = 0.93), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (<i>P</i> = 0.98) area under the curve were detected between groups. Similarly, ratings of hunger (<i>P</i> = 0.99) and satiety (<i>P</i> = 0.65) area under the curve after the standardized test meal also did not differ between the groups nor did <i>ad libitum</i> energy intake at lunch. In summary, the 12-wk diet and exercise interventions were equally effective at maintaining weight loss in women, and no differences in measures of appetite regulation and food intake were found.</p>","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7978467/pdf/nihms-1680412.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25502487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000134
John M Jakicic, Edward S Horton, Jeffrey M Curtis, Tina M Killean, George A Bray, Lawrence J Cheskin, Karen C Johnson, Roeland J W Middelbeek, F Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Judith G Regensteiner, Paul M Ribisl, Lynne Wagenknecht, Mark A Espeland
Purpose: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the combination of weight loss and increased physical exercise are commonly recommended to reduce CVD. This study examined whether people with obesity and type 2 diabetes with an abnormal graded exercise tolerance test (GXT) or a history of CVD would have less success in achieving weight loss and improved fitness, compared to adults without these conditions.
Methods: The Look AHEAD Study examined whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) compared with diabetes support and education (DSE) reduced cardiovascular events in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Participants underwent a baseline maximal GXT and provided medical history data. Weight loss and fitness change were examined in 5011 participants over four years in those with or without an abnormal baseline GXT and/or history of CVD.
Results: After four years, weight loss in both ILI and DSE were significantly greater in those without a prior history of CVD than in those with a CVD history (6.69% vs 5.98%, p=0.02, in ILI and 0.73 vs -.07% (weight gain), p=0.01, in DSE). Likewise, those without a prior history of CVD experienced greater improvements in fitness in both ILI and DSE relative to those with a history of CVD. Having an abnormal GXT at baseline did not affect weight loss or fitness.
Conclusions: A history of CVD at baseline modestly lessened weight loss and fitness changes at 4 years, whereas having any abnormality on the baseline GXT did not affect these outcomes. Thus, weight loss and improved fitness are achievable in adults with a history of CVD or ECG abnormalities.
目的：肥胖和 2 型糖尿病与心血管疾病（CVD）风险增加有关，通常建议将减肥和增加体育锻炼结合起来以减少 CVD。本研究探讨了肥胖症和 2 型糖尿病患者在运动耐量分级测试（GXT）中出现异常或有心血管疾病病史时，与没有这些症状的成年人相比，是否会在减肥和改善体能方面不太成功：Look AHEAD研究考察了强化生活方式干预（ILI）与糖尿病支持和教育（DSE）相比，是否能减少超重/肥胖和2型糖尿病成人的心血管事件。参与者接受了基线最大 GXT 并提供了病史数据。对 5011 名参与者中基线 GXT 异常和/或有心血管疾病史或无心血管疾病史者四年内的体重减轻和体能变化情况进行了研究：四年后，无心血管疾病病史者在 ILI 和 DSE 中的体重减轻幅度明显大于有心血管疾病病史者（ILI 为 6.69% vs 5.98%，P=0.02；DSE 为 0.73 vs -.07% （体重增加），P=0.01）。同样，与有心血管疾病史的人相比，没有心血管疾病史的人在 ILI 和 DSE 中的体能改善幅度更大。基线GXT异常不会影响体重减轻或体能：结论：基线时有心血管疾病史的人在 4 年后体重减轻和体能变化的幅度较小，而基线 GXT 有任何异常都不会影响这些结果。因此，对于有心血管疾病史或心电图异常的成年人来说，减肥和改善体能是可以实现的。
{"title":"Abnormal Exercise Test or CVD History on Weight Loss or Fitness: the Look AHEAD Trial.","authors":"John M Jakicic, Edward S Horton, Jeffrey M Curtis, Tina M Killean, George A Bray, Lawrence J Cheskin, Karen C Johnson, Roeland J W Middelbeek, F Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Judith G Regensteiner, Paul M Ribisl, Lynne Wagenknecht, Mark A Espeland","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000134","DOIUrl":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the combination of weight loss and increased physical exercise are commonly recommended to reduce CVD. This study examined whether people with obesity and type 2 diabetes with an abnormal graded exercise tolerance test (GXT) or a history of CVD would have less success in achieving weight loss and improved fitness, compared to adults without these conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Look AHEAD Study examined whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) compared with diabetes support and education (DSE) reduced cardiovascular events in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Participants underwent a baseline maximal GXT and provided medical history data. Weight loss and fitness change were examined in 5011 participants over four years in those with or without an abnormal baseline GXT and/or history of CVD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After four years, weight loss in both ILI and DSE were significantly greater in those without a prior history of CVD than in those with a CVD history (6.69% vs 5.98%, p=0.02, in ILI and 0.73 vs -.07% (weight gain), p=0.01, in DSE). Likewise, those without a prior history of CVD experienced greater improvements in fitness in both ILI and DSE relative to those with a history of CVD. Having an abnormal GXT at baseline did not affect weight loss or fitness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A history of CVD at baseline modestly lessened weight loss and fitness changes at 4 years, whereas having any abnormality on the baseline GXT did not affect these outcomes. Thus, weight loss and improved fitness are achievable in adults with a history of CVD or ECG abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8130141/pdf/nihms-1584708.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39016768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-15DOI: 10.1249/TJX.0000000000000113
T. A. Barros, W. L. Prado, T. R. Tenório, R. Freitas-Dias
This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic training at self-selected intensity (SIE) and predetermined intensity (PIE) on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents with obesity. Randomized clinical trial conducted with 37 adolescents (boys and girls), 13–18 yr old, at Tanner stages 3–4, and body mass index ≥95th. Eighteen adolescents were randomly assigned to SIE and 19 to PIE. Aerobic training sessions consisted of 35 min of training on a treadmill, three times per week, for 12 wk. SIE group chose the speed/intensity at the beginning of each training session and was able to change it every 5 min. PIE group trained at a PIE of 60%–70% of heart rate reserve. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory was used in to measure HRQOL. Twenty-five adolescents completed the experimental protocol (SIE = 13 and PIE = 12). Heart rate during sessions was higher for PIE than SIE. Both groups decreased body mass (SIE from 100.7 ± 21.85 to 92.1 ± 25.20 kg; PIE from 98.9 ± 24.93 to 88.1 ± 12.91 kg; P = 0.01), body mass index (SIE from 37.4 ± 7.24 to 33.7 ± 8.55 kg·m−2; PIE from 37.3 ± 7.15 to 33.4 ± 5.48 kg·m−2; P < 0.01), and sum of skinfold thickness (SIE from 180.4 ± 26.33 to 163.5 ± 25.04 mm; PIE from 174.00 ± 28.55 to 149.00 ± 32.10 mm; P = 0.01) without group differences. PIE improved HRQOL at social functioning (PIE from 70.0 ± 15.9 vs to 80.9 ± 13.75; P = 0.02). Compared with PIE exercise, SIE did not induce additional improvements in HRQOL in adolescents with obesity.
本研究旨在比较自选强度（SIE）和预定强度（PIE）有氧训练对肥胖青少年健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）的影响。对37名13-18岁Tanner 3-4期、体重指数≥95的青少年（男孩和女孩）进行的随机临床试验。18名青少年被随机分配到SIE，19名被分配到PIE。有氧训练包括在跑步机上进行35分钟的训练，每周三次，为期12周。SIE组在每次训练开始时选择速度/强度，并能够每5分钟改变一次。PIE组在心率储备的60%-70%的PIE下训练。儿童生活质量量表用于测量HRQOL。25名青少年完成了实验方案（SIE=13，PIE=12）。PIE治疗期间的心率高于SIE。两组体重（SIE从100.7±21.85降至92.1±25.20 kg；PIE从98.9±24.93降至88.1±12.91 kg；P=0.01）、体重指数（SIE由37.4±7.24降至33.7±8.55 kg·m−2；PIE由37.3±7.15降至33.4±5.48 kg·m–2；P<0.01）、，皮褶厚度之和（SIE从180.4±26.33到163.5±25.04mm；PIE从174.00±28.55到149.00±32.10mm；P=0.01）无组间差异。PIE改善了社交功能的HRQOL（PIE从70.0±15.9 vs 80.9±13.75；P=0.02）。与PIE运动相比，SIE并没有导致肥胖青少年的HRQOL有额外的改善。
{"title":"Effects of Self-selected or Predetermined Intensity Aerobic Exercise on the Quality of Life of Adolescents with Obesity","authors":"T. A. Barros, W. L. Prado, T. R. Tenório, R. Freitas-Dias","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic training at self-selected intensity (SIE) and predetermined intensity (PIE) on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents with obesity. Randomized clinical trial conducted with 37 adolescents (boys and girls), 13–18 yr old, at Tanner stages 3–4, and body mass index ≥95th. Eighteen adolescents were randomly assigned to SIE and 19 to PIE. Aerobic training sessions consisted of 35 min of training on a treadmill, three times per week, for 12 wk. SIE group chose the speed/intensity at the beginning of each training session and was able to change it every 5 min. PIE group trained at a PIE of 60%–70% of heart rate reserve. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory was used in to measure HRQOL. Twenty-five adolescents completed the experimental protocol (SIE = 13 and PIE = 12). Heart rate during sessions was higher for PIE than SIE. Both groups decreased body mass (SIE from 100.7 ± 21.85 to 92.1 ± 25.20 kg; PIE from 98.9 ± 24.93 to 88.1 ± 12.91 kg; P = 0.01), body mass index (SIE from 37.4 ± 7.24 to 33.7 ± 8.55 kg·m−2; PIE from 37.3 ± 7.15 to 33.4 ± 5.48 kg·m−2; P < 0.01), and sum of skinfold thickness (SIE from 180.4 ± 26.33 to 163.5 ± 25.04 mm; PIE from 174.00 ± 28.55 to 149.00 ± 32.10 mm; P = 0.01) without group differences. PIE improved HRQOL at social functioning (PIE from 70.0 ± 15.9 vs to 80.9 ± 13.75; P = 0.02). Compared with PIE exercise, SIE did not induce additional improvements in HRQOL in adolescents with obesity.","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43326321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.1249/TJX.0000000000000107
M. Nicolo, C. Compher, P. Shewokis, J. Boullata, D. Sukumar, Sinclair A. Smith, S. Volpe
Nearly 10% of adult Americans have type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), yet 25% are undiagnosed. Our purpose was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors for type 2 DM in adults 40 to 59 yr of age. We hypothesized that BMI, WC, and WHtR would predict hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5%, diagnostic of diabetes. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2003 to 2004 (N = 1069) and 2013 to 2014 (N = 906) were used in logistic regression models. There were differences in ethnic/racial distribution in the 2003 to 2004 and 2013 to 2014 sample. BMI, WC, and WHtR were higher in 2003 to 2004 than 2013 to 2014 (BMI, 29.5 vs 25.7 kg·m−2; WC, 99.8 vs 87.1 cm; WHtR, 0.59 vs 0.55, respectively, each P < 0.0001). In 2003 to 2004, WC (odds ratio = 2.65, 95% confidence interval = 1.57–4.48) and WHtR (odds ratio = 2.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.69–5.04) predicted HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, but BMI did not. In 2013 to 2014, BMI, WC, or WHtR did not predict HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. WC or WHtR may suggest risk of type 2 DM in some populations.
{"title":"Anthropometric Predictors of Hemoglobin A1c among Adults: NHANES 2003 to 2004 and 2013 to 2014","authors":"M. Nicolo, C. Compher, P. Shewokis, J. Boullata, D. Sukumar, Sinclair A. Smith, S. Volpe","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nearly 10% of adult Americans have type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), yet 25% are undiagnosed. Our purpose was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors for type 2 DM in adults 40 to 59 yr of age. We hypothesized that BMI, WC, and WHtR would predict hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5%, diagnostic of diabetes. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2003 to 2004 (N = 1069) and 2013 to 2014 (N = 906) were used in logistic regression models. There were differences in ethnic/racial distribution in the 2003 to 2004 and 2013 to 2014 sample. BMI, WC, and WHtR were higher in 2003 to 2004 than 2013 to 2014 (BMI, 29.5 vs 25.7 kg·m−2; WC, 99.8 vs 87.1 cm; WHtR, 0.59 vs 0.55, respectively, each P < 0.0001). In 2003 to 2004, WC (odds ratio = 2.65, 95% confidence interval = 1.57–4.48) and WHtR (odds ratio = 2.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.69–5.04) predicted HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, but BMI did not. In 2013 to 2014, BMI, WC, or WHtR did not predict HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. WC or WHtR may suggest risk of type 2 DM in some populations.","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46329374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-15DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000102
K. Aizawa, Atsushi Iwasaki, K. Yanagisawa, Chiaki Arai, Koichiro Hayashi, Yuki Nakamura, M. Tomikawa, E. Watanabe, T. Kukidome
The female athlete triad is characterized by low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone density. Female athletes are largely unaware of the triad and its consequences. Female athlete literacy is a new concept that refers to the ability to access, understand, and use sports science information relevant to female athletes. We constructed a female athlete conditioning program to disseminate knowledge about the triad; screen for physical conditions such as body composition, bone density, menstrual status, and energy balance; and improve female athlete literacy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this program improves physical conditions and qualitative change of female athlete literacy behaviors among Japanese female soccer players. The program was evaluated during the intervention and 6 months later. Body composition, bone density, energy balance, and qualitative stage for female athlete literacy behaviors on topics such as self-conditioning, energy balance, body weight, and menstrual management were measured. The qualitative change in the stage for female athlete literacy behaviors, body weight, lean body mass, and bone density improved after the program; percent body fat significantly decreased. Energy intake significantly increased after the program, whereas exercise expenditure and energy availability did not change. This study demonstrated that a female athlete conditioning program improves body composition, energy intake, and bone density, as well as qualitative stage for female athlete literacy behaviors. These findings suggest that improving female athlete literacy may be useful for maintaining good health and improving physical conditioning among female athletes.
{"title":"Effect of Improving Physical Conditions and Female Athlete Literacy Behaviors: Intervention Study","authors":"K. Aizawa, Atsushi Iwasaki, K. Yanagisawa, Chiaki Arai, Koichiro Hayashi, Yuki Nakamura, M. Tomikawa, E. Watanabe, T. Kukidome","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The female athlete triad is characterized by low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone density. Female athletes are largely unaware of the triad and its consequences. Female athlete literacy is a new concept that refers to the ability to access, understand, and use sports science information relevant to female athletes. We constructed a female athlete conditioning program to disseminate knowledge about the triad; screen for physical conditions such as body composition, bone density, menstrual status, and energy balance; and improve female athlete literacy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this program improves physical conditions and qualitative change of female athlete literacy behaviors among Japanese female soccer players. The program was evaluated during the intervention and 6 months later. Body composition, bone density, energy balance, and qualitative stage for female athlete literacy behaviors on topics such as self-conditioning, energy balance, body weight, and menstrual management were measured. The qualitative change in the stage for female athlete literacy behaviors, body weight, lean body mass, and bone density improved after the program; percent body fat significantly decreased. Energy intake significantly increased after the program, whereas exercise expenditure and energy availability did not change. This study demonstrated that a female athlete conditioning program improves body composition, energy intake, and bone density, as well as qualitative stage for female athlete literacy behaviors. These findings suggest that improving female athlete literacy may be useful for maintaining good health and improving physical conditioning among female athletes.","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43383644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lyndsey M Hornbuckle, Ziya Gizlice, Daniel P Heil, Melicia C Whitt-Glover
Purpose: To determine the effects of a 10-month secular (SEC) versus faith-integrated (FI) community-based physical activity (PA) intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in low active, African-American women.
Methods: Participants (age: 55.4±11.6 years; body mass index (BMI): 36.0±7.9 kg/m2; average baseline steps/day: 3,807±1,250) from a larger study (n=418) participated in a sub-study to measure cardiometabolic disease indicators (primary outcomes) and PA (secondary outcomes) pre- and post-intervention (SEC: n=42; FI: n=43). Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, resting blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, average steps/day, sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were acquired at baseline and 10 months. Multivariate generalized linear mixed models that included churches as a random effect were used to compare mean changes in outcomes at 10 months between the two study groups (α=0.05).
Results: The FI group showed significant time effects for weight (93.4±2.4 to 92.2±2.3 kg), BMI (35.7±1.0 to 35.3±1.0 kg/m2), and waist circumference (106.9±2.2 to 103.8±2.5 cm), while the SEC group had a significant time effect for hip circumference (121.6±1.9 to 119.9±1.7 cm). There were no time effects in either group for blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, steps/day, sedentary time, or MVPA. FI significantly decreased LPA in both 1-minute activity bouts (641±13 to 588±16 minutes/day) and 10-minute bouts (536±11 to 479±15 minutes/day). There were no significant differences between SEC and FI for any variable.
Conclusions: The improvements in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference shown after the FI intervention could have long-term implications on cardiometabolic health, particularly if exercise is continued. Further research is needed to examine the effects of culturally-relevant interventions on chronic disease indicators in African-American women, particularly those established as high risk for cardiometabolic disease.
{"title":"A Faith-Integrated Physical Activity Intervention and Cardiometabolic Risk in African American Women.","authors":"Lyndsey M Hornbuckle, Ziya Gizlice, Daniel P Heil, Melicia C Whitt-Glover","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the effects of a 10-month secular (SEC) versus faith-integrated (FI) community-based physical activity (PA) intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in low active, African-American women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (age: 55.4±11.6 years; body mass index (BMI): 36.0±7.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; average baseline steps/day: 3,807±1,250) from a larger study (n=418) participated in a sub-study to measure cardiometabolic disease indicators (primary outcomes) and PA (secondary outcomes) pre- and post-intervention (SEC: n=42; FI: n=43). Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, resting blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, average steps/day, sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were acquired at baseline and 10 months. Multivariate generalized linear mixed models that included churches as a random effect were used to compare mean changes in outcomes at 10 months between the two study groups (α=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FI group showed significant time effects for weight (93.4±2.4 to 92.2±2.3 kg), BMI (35.7±1.0 to 35.3±1.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and waist circumference (106.9±2.2 to 103.8±2.5 cm), while the SEC group had a significant time effect for hip circumference (121.6±1.9 to 119.9±1.7 cm). There were no time effects in either group for blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, steps/day, sedentary time, or MVPA. FI significantly decreased LPA in both 1-minute activity bouts (641±13 to 588±16 minutes/day) and 10-minute bouts (536±11 to 479±15 minutes/day). There were no significant differences between SEC and FI for any variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The improvements in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference shown after the FI intervention could have long-term implications on cardiometabolic health, particularly if exercise is continued. Further research is needed to examine the effects of culturally-relevant interventions on chronic disease indicators in African-American women, particularly those established as high risk for cardiometabolic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"4 19","pages":"225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7802800/pdf/nihms-1534442.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38750981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1249/TJX.0000000000000106
Cheryl L Albright, Lynne R Wilkens, Kara Saiki, Kami K White, Alana D Steffen
Purpose: Understanding theoretically derived social and behavioral mediators of long-term increases in physical activity (PA) in a vulnerable population at risk for being underactive is needed to inform future research, clinical applications, and public health efforts. This is an analysis of potential mediators of an intervention that increased long-term (12-month) moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in postpartum (2-12months) women in a randomized trial, using a longitudinal analysis.
Methods: Healthy, underactive (i.e., not meeting national guidelines for MVPA) women (n = 311; mean age = 32 ± 5.6 years, 85% minorities) with infants (mean age: 5.7 ± 2.8 months) were randomly assigned to either a tailored eHealth condition consisting of personalized telephone counseling plus access to a website tailored to new mothers' MVPA issues or to a standard MVPA materials-only website. MVPA was assessed via surveys completed at baseline, then 6 and 12 months later. Theoretically derived mediators included social support for MVPA, self-efficacy to increase MVPA, barriers to increasing MVPA, and benefits of increasing MVPA.
Results: All mediators, except benefits, improved over the 12 months in the tailored eHealth condition. The tailored condition's effect on increasing MVPA from 6 months to 12 months was mediated by an increase in social support from baseline to six months. No other hypothesized mediators were significant.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that learning strategies to increase social support for MVPA was instrumental in new mothers' increase in MVPA over a 12 month intervention. During this brief but impactful life-stage, where the focus can understandably be on her baby, being able to elicit support from friends and family may facilitate women's efforts to focus on their own needs with respect to MVPA.
{"title":"Mediators of a 12-month change in physical activity in ethnically diverse sample of postpartum women.","authors":"Cheryl L Albright, Lynne R Wilkens, Kara Saiki, Kami K White, Alana D Steffen","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Understanding theoretically derived social and behavioral mediators of long-term increases in physical activity (PA) in a vulnerable population at risk for being underactive is needed to inform future research, clinical applications, and public health efforts. This is an analysis of potential mediators of an intervention that increased long-term (12-month) moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in postpartum (2-12months) women in a randomized trial, using a longitudinal analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy, underactive (i.e., not meeting national guidelines for MVPA) women (n = 311; mean age = 32 ± 5.6 years, 85% minorities) with infants (mean age: 5.7 ± 2.8 months) were randomly assigned to either a tailored eHealth condition consisting of personalized telephone counseling plus access to a website tailored to new mothers' MVPA issues or to a standard MVPA materials-only website. MVPA was assessed via surveys completed at baseline, then 6 and 12 months later. Theoretically derived mediators included social support for MVPA, self-efficacy to increase MVPA, barriers to increasing MVPA, and benefits of increasing MVPA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All mediators, except benefits, improved over the 12 months in the tailored eHealth condition. The tailored condition's effect on increasing MVPA from 6 months to 12 months was mediated by an increase in social support from baseline to six months. No other hypothesized mediators were significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrated that learning strategies to increase social support for MVPA was instrumental in new mothers' increase in MVPA over a 12 month intervention. During this brief but impactful life-stage, where the focus can understandably be on her baby, being able to elicit support from friends and family may facilitate women's efforts to focus on their own needs with respect to MVPA.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov number.</p>","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"4 19","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6980416/pdf/nihms-1530278.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37581555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1249/TJX.0000000000000105
G. Weir, J. Alderson, B. Elliott, Shina (née: Lee) Leow, D. Devaprakash, K. Starre, C. Goodman, J. Cooke, C. Rechichi, J. Armstrong, B. Jackson, C. Donnelly
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs have been shown to have mixed success in reducing injury rates, raising the question whether these programs are effectively targeting biomechanical mechanisms of injury. The current study examined the efficacy of a biomechanically informed ACL injury prevention training program in reducing injury risk and injury incidence and investigated its effect on athletic performance. Twenty-six elite female field hockey players participated in this study. Athletes participated in a 2-yr injury prevention training program. Injury incidence (i.e., lower limb and ACL) and athletic performance (i.e., strength, speed, and aerobic power) were measured during a control season and after two intervention seasons. Biomechanical ACL injury risk factors were recorded during unplanned sidestepping at baseline and after intensive (9 wk: 4 × 20 min·wk−1) and maintenance (16 wk: 3 × 10 min·wk−1) training phases for a subset of athletes (n = 17). Training was effective in reducing ACL and lower limb injury incidence after the 2-yr program, where zero ACL injuries occurred after implementation (vs 0.4 per 1000 player hours in the control year). High-risk athletes reduced their peak knee valgus moments by 30% (P = 0.045) and demonstrated improvements in desirable muscle activation strategies after intensive training. The majority of benefits elicited in intensive training were retained during the maintenance phase. One-repetition max strength, beep test scores, and sprint times improved or were maintained over the 2-yr intervention period. Biomechanically informed injury prevention training was successful in reducing both biomechanical ACL injury risk factors and ACL injury incidence while maintaining and/or improving athletic performance. It is important to consider the biomechanical mechanisms of injury when designing injury prevention programs.
{"title":"A 2-yr Biomechanically Informed ACL Injury Prevention Training Intervention in Female Field Hockey Players","authors":"G. Weir, J. Alderson, B. Elliott, Shina (née: Lee) Leow, D. Devaprakash, K. Starre, C. Goodman, J. Cooke, C. Rechichi, J. Armstrong, B. Jackson, C. Donnelly","doi":"10.1249/TJX.0000000000000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs have been shown to have mixed success in reducing injury rates, raising the question whether these programs are effectively targeting biomechanical mechanisms of injury. The current study examined the efficacy of a biomechanically informed ACL injury prevention training program in reducing injury risk and injury incidence and investigated its effect on athletic performance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty-six elite female field hockey players participated in this study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Athletes participated in a 2-yr injury prevention training program. Injury incidence (i.e., lower limb and ACL) and athletic performance (i.e., strength, speed, and aerobic power) were measured during a control season and after two intervention seasons. Biomechanical ACL injury risk factors were recorded during unplanned sidestepping at baseline and after intensive (9 wk: 4 × 20 min·wk−1) and maintenance (16 wk: 3 × 10 min·wk−1) training phases for a subset of athletes (n = 17).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Training was effective in reducing ACL and lower limb injury incidence after the 2-yr program, where zero ACL injuries occurred after implementation (vs 0.4 per 1000 player hours in the control year). High-risk athletes reduced their peak knee valgus moments by 30% (P = 0.045) and demonstrated improvements in desirable muscle activation strategies after intensive training. The majority of benefits elicited in intensive training were retained during the maintenance phase. One-repetition max strength, beep test scores, and sprint times improved or were maintained over the 2-yr intervention period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Biomechanically informed injury prevention training was successful in reducing both biomechanical ACL injury risk factors and ACL injury incidence while maintaining and/or improving athletic performance. It is important to consider the biomechanical mechanisms of injury when designing injury prevention programs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47013289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000094
B. Melton, T. K. Kessinger, G. Ryan, A. Riggs
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that employers create healthy worksites through promotion wellness programs that included routine exercise, daily physical activity, and nutritional education among other initiatives. This study aimed to identify barriers and incentives of routine exercise in varying occupations among rural municipal workers in Southeast Georgia. A cross-sectional research design was used to evaluate the barriers and incentives for exercise among rural municipal workers in a rural setting. The four occupational departments used for analysis were as follows: fire, police, public works, and administration/other. An electronic survey was sent to all 309 workers on November 2016. The survey asked for participants to rank 10 common exercise barriers and incentives. One-hundred and twenty-three (~40%) complete responses were used for analysis. Based on a personal ranking, lack of time to exercise (mean = 2.2), inconvenient time/location of a facility (2.5), and no motivation (5.3) were found to be the top three barriers across all employees. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between departments were found for nine of the exercise barrier rankings. “Cost is too much” was only significantly different result found (P = 0.019) between departments, with fire department reporting lower than the other departments. Another barrier approaching significance was “feel awkward exercising” (P = 0.054). The results suggest that a variation of motivators and incentives, depending on occupational responses, could be a successful means of improving exercise in all employees, instead of implementing a single motivating tactic based on the raw majority.
{"title":"Occupational Differences in Barriers and Incentives for Routine Exercise among Municipal Workers","authors":"B. Melton, T. K. Kessinger, G. Ryan, A. Riggs","doi":"10.1249/tjx.0000000000000094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/tjx.0000000000000094","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that employers create healthy worksites through promotion wellness programs that included routine exercise, daily physical activity, and nutritional education among other initiatives.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to identify barriers and incentives of routine exercise in varying occupations among rural municipal workers in Southeast Georgia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional research design was used to evaluate the barriers and incentives for exercise among rural municipal workers in a rural setting. The four occupational departments used for analysis were as follows: fire, police, public works, and administration/other. An electronic survey was sent to all 309 workers on November 2016. The survey asked for participants to rank 10 common exercise barriers and incentives. One-hundred and twenty-three (~40%) complete responses were used for analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Based on a personal ranking, lack of time to exercise (mean = 2.2), inconvenient time/location of a facility (2.5), and no motivation (5.3) were found to be the top three barriers across all employees. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between departments were found for nine of the exercise barrier rankings. “Cost is too much” was only significantly different result found (P = 0.019) between departments, with fire department reporting lower than the other departments. Another barrier approaching significance was “feel awkward exercising” (P = 0.054).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results suggest that a variation of motivators and incentives, depending on occupational responses, could be a successful means of improving exercise in all employees, instead of implementing a single motivating tactic based on the raw majority.\u0000","PeriodicalId":75243,"journal":{"name":"Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44549261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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