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Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) accounts for 3.5% of all congenital heart diseases in children. The clinical manifestations range from heart failure to asymptomatic hypertension. Treatment options include surgical repair, balloon angioplasty, and stenting. We aimed to investigate the long-term results of surgery and balloon angioplasty to identify the possible risk factors for recoarctation and predictors associated with early success in treatment modalities. The data of 138 children who underwent examinations at a tertiary center between 2015 and 2020 with the diagnosis of CoA were evaluated. The basic demographic characteristics, clinical and echocardiographic findings, results, and treatment methods of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. The mean follow-up period was 75.1 months (range of 1-223). As initial treatment, 75 patients (60.5%) underwent balloon angioplasty, 44 (35.5%) underwent surgery, and 5 (4%) underwent stenting. The early success rate of balloon angioplasty and surgery was 72.5% and 79.5%, respectively. Recoarctation occurred in 47.6% of patients following the first therapy. The median reintervention-free survival time was 138 months for all patients and was significantly higher in the surgery group (P = .025). The recoarctation rate was slightly lower in the surgery group than in those who underwent balloon angioplasty, but it was not statistically significant. None of the clinical and echocardiographic findings were found to be associated with recoarctation or early success. The rate of recoarctation is still high in long-term follow-up after aortic coarctation treatment, and clinical and echocardiographic findings are insufficient to predict the chance of early success and the risk of recoarctation.

Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) is an uncommon chromosomal Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD). There is insufficient information regarding clinical findings and growth patterns. This study aimed to provide more information about mixed gonadal dysgenesis, which has not yet been sufficiently defined. Data from 10 patients diagnosed with mixed gonadal dysgenesis were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical presentations, complaints at admission, imaging, genetic results, and treatments received by the patients were examined. Gonadal status and the gender of the patients were reared and evaluated by a multidisciplinary council decision. If received, growth hormone treatment doses and height gains were examined. The patients' ages at admission range from 6 months to 17.5 years. The median height SDS of the patients was -0.75 (2.73), the mean body weight SDS was -0.49 (±1.46), and the mean body mass index (BMI) SDS was 0.26 (±0.97). The complaints at admission varied, including ambiguous genitalia, short stature, and absence of menstruation. Some patients are completely in the female phenotype, while some are inadequately virilized male phenotype. External Masculinization Score (EMS) ranges from 1 to 6.5. The decision to raise 6 patients as female and 4 patients as male was made by a multidisciplinary council. Growth hormone treatment was administered to patients raised as female and diagnosed with short stature. The height SDS gain in treated patients was 0.42 (±0.49). Due to its rarity and varied clinical presentation, our knowledge about mixed gonadal dysgenesis is limited. Therefore, early diagnosis and individualized treatment plans are crucial for this patient group.

Biliary atresia (BA) is an obstructive cholangiopathy that involves the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Ultrasound (US) can aid in evaluation of the biliary system and be efficiently used in daily practice. However, most studies on US for diagnosing BA have been conducted in developed countries. Therefore, we have aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of US in BA in infants with cholestasis from a developing country. This retrospective study used data collected from our hospital medical records. The US findings were compared with the gold standard intraoperative or cholangiography findings. Thirty-five BA patients (19 males and 16 females) and 36 controls (20 males and 16 females) were included in the study. Most of the patients (85.7%) were ≤ 6 months old. The absence of a gallbladder demonstrated 71.42% sensitivity (Sn), 91.67% specificity (Sp), 89.29% positive predictive value (PPV), 76.74% negative predictive value (NPV), 8.57 positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and 0.31 negative likelihood ratio (LR-) for diagnosing BA. The triangular cord sign demonstrated 14.28% Sn, 100% Sp, 100% PPV, 76.74% NPV, ∞ LR+, and 0.86 LR- for diagnosing BA. The combination of gallbladder absence and a positive triangular cord sign demonstrated 82.85% Sn, 91.67% Sp, 90.63% PPV, 84.61% NPV, 9.95 LR+, and 0.19 LR- for diagnosing BA. The diagnostic accuracy of US in BA is high, indicating that it can be the imaging tool of choice in infants with cholestasis. Ultrasound is safe and can be easily used in daily practice without the risk of radiation exposure.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the utilization of diabetes technologies, with diabetes management in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our study included 134 cases diagnosed with T1D who were followed for at least 1 year with T1D. Of the cases, 67.2% were using insulin pens as their insulin regimen, while 37.8% were using insulin pumps. The rate of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) usage was 29.9%. The rate of CGM usage was 5% in families with low income levels. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) level of children with working mothers was found to be higher compared to those with non-working mothers (median 9.2% vs. 8%; P = .009). Cases with 3 or more siblings had higher HbA1c levels compared to those with 2 or fewer siblings (median 8.7% vs. 8.1%; P = .044).The median HbA1c was 8.7% in cases using insulin pens and checking fingerstick blood glucose (SMBG); 8.3% in cases using insulin pumps and SMBG; 7.6% in cases using insulin pens with CGM, and 7.5% in cases using insulin pumps with CGM (P = .003). The utilization of insulin pumps with CGM in T1D cases exhibited lower HbA1clevels. Similarly, even the usage of insulin pens with CGM demonstrated improved diabetes management. Maternal employment and having a higher number of siblings may negatively affect diabetes management due to increased caregiver burden. We believe that personalized healthcare delivery tailored to the individual needs of T1D patients based on family and clinical characteristics could have positive effects on diabetes management.

Transitional care is essential to maintain the continuity of care in younger patients with rheumatic diseases. In this study, we aimed to assess the transition readiness of rheumatology patients who had already transferred from pediatric to adult care using a questionnaire. We included young adult rheumatology patients who had already transferred to adult rheumatology care. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) was used in the adult rheumatology clinic to assess the patients' readiness; a retrospective chart review was conducted to include diagnosis, age at diagnosis, age at transfer, and current age. Three hundred and ten patients (184 female and 126 male) participated in this study. The mean age at diagnosis, the mean age at transfer, and the mean age at the time of the study were 10.7 ± 4.29, 21.1 ± 1.69, and 24.0 ± 2.26 years, respectively. Most of the patients had familial Mediterranean fever, followed by arthritis, connective tissue disorders, and other diseases. Tracking health issues was the lowest-scored domain. Females scored significantly higher than males in the tracking health issue domain (P = .006) and managing health issue domain (P = .028) but not in the overall TRAQ score (P = .053). Patients in different diagnosis and transfer age groups scored similarly across the domains. In this study, females performed better than males in 2 domains of the TRAQ questionnaire. Diagnoses or transfer age groups were not associated with TRAQ outcomes.

Self-efficacy is important in supporting breastfeeding behaviors and enhancing breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to explore research trends, identify knowledge gaps, and provide a comprehensive overview of breastfeeding self-efficacy. Data were retrieved from the Scopus online database on March 20, 2024, encompassing articles published in English between 2000 and 2023. The search strategy focused on articles containing the keywords "self-efficacy," "breastfeeding," and "mother." VOSviewer version 1.6.19 was then used to map the data and visually identify research clusters. The analysis yielded a significant increase in breastfeeding self-efficacy research over the past 2 decades. The United States led in publication numbers (117 documents), while Canada dominated citations (2792 citations). Furthermore, the analysis identified 8 critical themes in 8 different clusters, encompassing various aspects of breastfeeding, including determinants, behaviors, interventions, and mental health considerations during lactation, and employed research methodologies. One crucial gap identified in this study pertains to low breastfeeding social support. This includes a lack of support from peer groups, social networks, and social media platforms. Addressing this gap can be a valuable reference point for developing future interventions to bolster breastfeeding self-efficacy. Bibliometric analysis contributes to exploring research trends, identifying knowledge gaps, and providing a comprehensive overview of breastfeeding self-efficacy.