Zeitschrift fur mikroskopisch-anatomische Forschung最新文献

The telencephalic proliferative response has been studied in adult newts after lesion on the central nervous system. Both in the animals injured on the optic tectum and in those on the telencephalon a telencephalic proliferative response was observed, localized in the dorsal pallial areas and in the striatum. Quantitative analysis of the proliferative activity of the matrix cells present in the telencephalon showed a different response pattern. In the animals lesioned on the telencephalon the labelled cells are much more numerous in the injured hemisphere than in the healthy one and these cells persists at a high level even in the specimens fixed 90 days after the lesion. In this case no labelled cells are observed in the midbrain. The number of labelled cells in the animals lesioned on the optic tectum was identical in both telencephalic hemispheres; this number decreases from 15 to 30 days after the injury and at 90 days labelled cells are not observed. These data confirm the presence of a neuronotrophic factor released in the ependymal fluid and active on the telencephalic periventricular matrix cells but not on the undifferentiated cells of the grey layers of the optic tectum. It is also assumed that the proliferation of matrix cells of an injured area causes the formation of glial cells and neurons, such proliferation in an intact zone is oriented to differentiation of glial cells alone.

The ultrastructure of camel basophils in peripheral circulating blood of the Arabian camel were studied in order to provide detailed description of its constituents. Camel basophils were found to possess pseudopodia of varying lengths and numbers. Electron micrographs of camel basophilic granulocytes reveal that the cytoplasm is of moderately electron density. Membrane bound granules of different sizes and varying electron density, spherical or oval in shape, were observed, vacuoles of various forms, a well-defined Golgi complex, few rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were noticed randomly distributed in the cytoplasm. The results obtained were compared with that reported for other mammalian species and interpretation of the functional activities of the basophil intracellular organelles were discussed.

Adult albino mice were bleed through the hearts by cardiac puncture under Nembutal anesthetic. 0.3 ml of blood was withdrawn form every animal. The retinae were then studied on a timed basis with succinic dehydrogenase histochemistry and alkaline phosphatase histochemistry. In control retinae, high SDH activities were localized in the inner segments, outer plexiform, inner plexiform, and ganglion cells layers and high alkaline phosphatase activities were localized in the ganglion cell layers and the vessels of the plexiform layers. Decrease in the enzymatic activities of both SDH and alkaline phosphatase in these layers were most evident 5h after bleeding. 9 to 24 h after bleeding, a compensatory increase was detected. 48 to 72 h after, the enzymatic activities decreased again. Reperfusion of experimental animals with 5% dextrose would increase the retinal enzymatic activities back to normal, even if the reperfusion was carried out as late as 48 h after bleeding.

The keratinization process of tonsillary epithelium in patients with different age, who underwent surgery because of chronic inflammatory processes, has been studied by employing low (40 KD), medium (52-56-58 KD), high (56-64 and 68 KD) as well as broad spectrum antikeratin antibodies. The findings thus obtained outline the various keratin patterns of the tonsil in the outer covering and, even more, in the crypt labyrinth wall. These findings have been compared with those obtained by histochemical reactions for acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase activities (Favrz et al. 1986 II). In crypt epithelium keratinization, 56-64 KD keratins are involved in cells where also high enzymic activities are taking place, namely 1. in those elements delimiting the lumen as well as in those belonging to the reticulum mesh which are nearest to it and host lymphoid elements active in immunity reactions; 2. in elements at the bottom of small and large crypts, where excavation continues into the lymphoid tissue and interfollicular spaces. 68 KD keratin, although present in lower amounts, is synthesized almost everywhere, but only irregularly. It marks surface epithelium surrounding some dermal papillae, some meshes of the crypt reticulum, the "gallery" bottom as well as elements of interfollicular proliferation developing in the lymphoid tissue like arborescence. The path of congested blood vessels in the crypt wall towards the surface is marked by keratinized epitheliocytes. 56-64 KD keratin is present in the most superficial elements and is generally accompanied by the wall growing thinner, its blistering and breaking. The most frequent pathologic alterations of the epithelium (like cellular hypertrophy) involve variations in cytoplasm keratin pattern, in still un-flattened polyhedral elements of the intermediate layers.

The development of the lens capsule (LC) of mouse embryos was investigated between days 12 and 19 of gestation using immunomorphological (collagen type I, II, III or IV, laminin, BL-heparan sulfate, fibronection) and electron microscopic techniques. The lens capsule contains the typical components (collagen type IV, laminin and BL-heparan sulfate) of the basal lamina (BL) and can therefore be considered as thickened BL. Tannic acid fixation is especially suited for an electron microscopic demonstration of the lens capsule. The development of the lens capsule starts on day 12 of gestation. Its thickening is due to BL accumulation from the outside. This mode of thickening can be explained by the tendency to two-dimensional self assembly of collagen type IV. Electron-dense granules occur in the basal cytoplasm of lens epithelial cells. These granules can be considered as secretion granules. Their increased occurrence towards the end of gestation is attributed to a delayed secretion rather than to an increased synthesis.

The histology and carbohydrate histochemistry of the nasal mucosa with attention to glandular tissue had been studied in 7 heads of sheep. Tissues were taken from vestibular region, septum at level of the alar fold, rostral portion of nasal conchae, caudal portion of nasal conchae, middle portion of septum and ethmoidal conchae region. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium was observed covering the vestibular region. The propria-submucosa of the nasal vestibule was richly permeated with glands having affinity for PAS and non-alcianophilic. The post-vestibular portion of the nasal cavity was lined by transitional epithelium and caudal to it, stratified columnar nonciliated epithelium was noticed. The respiratory epithelium covered the caudal half of the nasal conchae and the major portion of the septum as well as the recesses of the ethmoidal conchae. The glands associated with the respiratory mucosa were thick, coiled and tubular, containing both nonalcianophilic PAS positive and alcianophilic PAS positive cells. The olfactory mucosa covered the ethmoidal conchae and showed predominant serous glands. The results were discussed with that given for other mammals and in regard to the respiratory functions of the nasal mucosa.

In the proximal end of the navicular fossa, the stratified columnar epithelium lining the spongy part of the urethra abruptly changes into the stratified squamous one, presenting a sharp demarcation. It is considered that the junction between these 2 epithelia corresponds to the former site of the junction of the entoderm and ectoderm. The width of the microridges in the distal part of the navicular fossa was about doubled compared to that in the proximal part. It is suggested that the epithelium in the distal part is keratinized, while that in the proximal part is nonkeratinized.

The fine structure of the camel monocytes was studied in order to record its constituents because these informations were missed from the literature. The observations revealed the presence of a few short cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and various forms of vesicles associated with the Golgi complex which were seen near the mitochondria. The distribution of the cytoplasmic organelles seemed to be located adjacent to the main indentation in the nuclei. Camel monocytes were found to possess microvilli of varying length and number. The functional morphology of the above mentioned structures was discussed.

In the Trabecula septomarginalis (moderator band) of cattle, pig and pygmy goat regularly till to 6 arteries are found, which traverse from the interventricular septum to the M. papillaris magnus. At these intramural coronary arteries (diameter 100-800 microns)--without any exception--musculoelastic intimal thickenings are recognizable, which often may result in concentric luminal narrowings of a high degree. The genesis and importance of the specificities in the wall structure of the moderator band arteries are discussed in relation to the intramural coronary arteries of the ventricular wall and papillary muscle as an adaptational reaction of the vascular wall to the extraordinary stress of these small vessels.

As an attempt to investigate the different pathways followed by the blood into the spleen and to analyse their functional significance, a technique was used mainly based on the intraarterial perfusion of a Prussian blue "solution" added of some chemical mediators and vasoactive substances. Such technique provides results which may be analysed taking into account the effect of the anaesthetic used, that may influence the findings. From the anaesthetic used, the sulfuric ether and the barbital sodium produce vasoconstriction of the white pulp blood vessels, whereas the chlorpromazine-promethazine doesn't have this effect, and so the Prussian blue appears inside these vessels. The vasodilator drugs, such as succinonitrile and papaverine hydrochloride, show a general vasodilator effect on the splenic arterial system. Teh arterial vessels of the white and the red pulp, including those placed at the subcapsular areas, become enlarged; into the white pulp, either the central or the peripheral blood vessel plexus of the lymphatic follicle becomes evident. The latter readily constitutes the perifollicular and the pericolumnar plexus. The blood vessels of this plexus become permeable to the Prussian blue "solution" by the heparin sodium effect, and so the dye particles enter the marginal zone and the splenic sinuses. In addition, from the white pulp arteries arise 2 types of anastomotic arterioles which appear enlarged after succinonitrile treatment: The short anastomotic arterioles that crosses the marginal zone entering the red pulp near the white pulp; the long anastomotic arterioles which enter the red pulp and after a long course end up into or around a collector sinus. The addition of histamine dihydrochloride to the perfusion solutions shows a slight vasodilator effect mainly on the subcapsular penicillar arterioles, including the helicine arterioles. The adrenergic stimulation of the splenic blood vessels induces a generalized arterial constriction, except of the anastomotic arterioles, that becomes open; in such way, the blood pathway follows the course of the anastomotic arterioles and the collector arterioles also become constricted. The adrenergic vasoconstrictor effect is inhibited by the phenoxy-benzamine hydrochloride. The addition of acetylcholine chloride, in the dosage, used, induces a generalized arterial vessel constriction, mainly of the perifollicular plexus. This effect is inhibited by atropine sulfate which, on the other hand, produces evident enlargement of the perifollicular and pericolumnar arterial plexus.