Allergologia et immunopathologia最新文献

The main drawback of hypoallergenic formulas for cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is their low palatability. This study aims to examine the decisions made by mothers of infants diagnosed with CMPA and physicians regarding the taste of extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHFs), amino acid-based formulas (AAFs), and rice-based formulas. This single-blind, multicenter study was conducted in nine pediatric allergy centers across Türkiye and included 181 pediatricians and 137 mothers of children with CMPA. Seven substitution formulas without added sweeteners or additional flavorings available on the market were tested: Two AAFs (Neocate-Numil^®, Alfamino-Nestlé^®), one AAF with synbiotics (Pregomin Syneo-Numil^®), one AAF specifically designed to meet the nutritional and lifestyle needs of children over 1 year of age (Neocate Junior-Numil^®), one synbiotic eHF (Aptamil Pepti Syneo-Numil^®), and two rice protein-based formulas (Evolvia RP1-Montero^® and Evolvia RP2-Montero^®). A sensory evaluation was conducted using a single-blind protocol, following the methodology previously applied in the CONTEST-1 study. Neocate Junior-Numil^® was the most preferred product in terms of taste, smell, and appearance, as rated by both mothers and physicians. It was the most preferred formula by both mothers (49.6%) and physicians (62.4%) in terms of taste. Aptamil Pepti Syneo-Numil^® ranked second (32.8% for mothers, 42.0% for physicians), followed by Evolvia RP2-Montero^® (23.4%) for mothers and Alfamino-Nestle^® (22.1%) for physicians. The fact that both mothers and physicians most frequently preferred Neocate Junior-Numil^® suggests that sensory characteristics of formulas used in CMPA management-such as taste, smell, and appearance-may play a decisive role in treatment adherence. This finding highlights the importance of considering not only nutritional adequacy but also acceptability when selecting a formula.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder predominantly caused by Cutibacterium acnes and its virulence-associated CAMP (Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen) factors, particularly CAMP1 and CAMP2, which contribute to inflammation and bacterial survival. With increasing antibiotic resistance and concerns over microbiome disruption from conventional treatments, probiotic-derived postbiotics present a promising alternative. This study aimed to investigate the anti-acne potential of fatty acids produced by Pediococcus acidilactici BCBH1, targeting CAMP1 and CAMP2 proteins of C. acnes using a network pharmacology-guided approach. Metabolite profiling via GC-MS identified vaccenic acid as a major fatty acid metabolite (4.88 mg/L at 48 h under 10% linoleic acid stress). Virulence prediction confirmed high pathogenicity of CAMP1 (score 0.9055) and CAMP2 (score 0.9927). Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of vaccenic acid to CAMP1 and CAMP2 with binding energies of -9.6 kJ/mol and -9.3 kJ/mol, respectively, outperforming traditional anti-acne compound 4-terpineol (-9.0 kJ/mol and -8.7 kJ/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations further validated the stable interaction of vaccenic acid with CAMP proteins over 100 ns. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated vaccenic acid's favorable absorption and safety profiles with no blood-brain barrier permeability. These findings highlight vaccenic acid as a potent, microbiome-friendly therapeutic candidate for acne management. Future work should focus on experimental validation, formulation development, and combinatorial strategies to enhance clinical efficacy and safety.

Background: Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications of sepsis, characterized by extensive renal inflammation and progressive tissue damage, and poses a serious threat to human health. Lonicerin, a flavonoid glycoside derived from Lonicera japonica Thunb., is reported to exert beneficial effects in various inflammatory diseases. However, its potential regulatory role in sepsis-induced AKI has not been elucidated completely.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory impacts of lonicerin in sepsis-induced AKI.

Material and methods: The cell viability was evaluated through CCK-8 assay. The LDH levels were examined through the LDH assay kit. The mRNA expression levels were analyzed through RT-qPCR. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were determined through ELISA. The ROS levels were detected through the DCF staining. Apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry. Protein expression levels were analyzed by western blot.

Results: In this study, we demonstrated that lonicerin enhanced the viability of HK2 cells following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. LPS significantly increased the inflammatory response, whereas this effect was attenuated after treatment with lonicerin. Furthermore, lonicerin effectively suppressed LPS-induced oxidative stress. In addition, although LPS stimulation promoted apoptosis in HK2 cells, this pro-apoptotic effect was largely counteracted by administration of lonicerin. Mechanistically, we found that activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway by LPS was inhibited in the presence of lonicerin.

Conclusion: our findings provide that lonicerin can mitigate LPS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HK2 cells. These results suggest that lonicerin may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for treating sepsis-induced AKI.

Introductıon: The aim of our study was to determine predicting endobronchial sarcoidosis by considering minor salivary gland involvement, pulmonary function test, and bronchoscopic images.

Material and methods: A total of 219 cases of sarcoidosis were retrospectively investigated. All cases were analyzed for age, gender, cigarette consumption, proven sarcoidosis skin biopsy, erythema nodosum, eye examination, minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB), pulmonary functional evaluation, DLCO, six-minute walk test, angiotensin-converting enzyme level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, radiologic stages, biopsies for diagnosis, bronchoscopic mucosal appearance, and biopsy results.

Results: A total of of 219 cases (M:41, F:178); mean age was 45.9 ± 11.8 (20-75). Erythema nodosum in 67 (30.6%) cases. Radiological stages: Grade 0: 15 (6.9%), Grade 1: 104 (47.6%), Grade 2: 67 (30.5%), Grade 3: 22 (10%), and Grade 4: 11(5%). Of the total cases, 215 (98.1%) were diagnosed with at least one invasive procedure; 155 (70.7%) were from two or more sites. Sarcoidosis involvement of endobronchial mucosa with bronchoscopic imaging was found in 25 (16%); mucosal biopsy was found in 64 (41%); microscopic findings suggestive of sarcoidosis were observed in 30 (46.9%). Forty (18.2%) cases had obstructive pattern in the end airway. Thirty (46.9%) cases were diagnosed with endobronchial sarcoidosis by mucosal biopsy, and terminal airway stenosis was seen in seven (23.3%) cases. In patients diagnosed with endobronchial sarcoidosis by mucosal biopsy, terminal airway stenosis was observed in 23.3%, compared with 18.2% in the overall cohort. Bronchoscopic mucosal biopsy was positive in 25.8% (n= 8) of the cases with positive MSGB. Eight cases had MSGB, and findings were suggestive of sarcoidosis in the bronchoscopic appearance. The number of cases with positive mucosal biopsy results was 62.5% (n=5); a weak, significant correlation was found between positivity of MSGB and bronchoscopic transbronchial lymph node aspiration. There was also a weak, significant correlation between MSGB and bronchoscopic mucosal biopsy positivity. A statistically weak correlation was found between MSGB and bronchoscopic appearance and endobronchial sarcoidosis involvement.

Conclusion: MSGB positivity can be used to predict bronchoscopic direct examination and mucosal biopsy positivity.

Introduction: Allergy to lipid transfer proteins (LTP) is one of the leading causes of anaphylaxis in the Mediterranean region. Oral immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), with peach extract has emerged as a strategy to induce tolerance.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SLIT with peach extract and the usefulness of serological biomarkers as predictors of clinical response in patients with LTP-related anaphylaxis.

Methods: Observational study involving 80 patients diagnosed with LTP syndrome. Total IgE levels, specific IgE, and IgG4 specific to Pru p 3 were measured before and after 1 year of treatment. Patients were classified based on tolerance at the end of therapy.

Results: Sixty-one patients (76.3%) tolerated the final oral challenge. Baseline levels of total IgE, specific IgE, and IgG4 specific to Pru p 3 were significantly higher in the tolerance group. IgG4 levels increased significantly in both groups after treatment. Specific IgE levels increased only in the nontolerance group.

Conclusions: SLIT with peach extract may induce tolerance in the majority of patients with LTP allergy. Elevated baseline levels of total IgE, specific IgE, and IgG4 specific to Pru p 3 could serve as markers of clinical response.

This retrospective study was conducted to identify clinical, demographic, and biochemical factors associated with prolonged disease duration in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) by including adults diagnosed with CSU between October 2023 and October 2024. Laboratory data examined included complete blood counts, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and serum iron, as well as specific measurements such as anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies and antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity and total IgE. Age (at initial visit), sex, disease duration, presence of angioedema were retrieved from electronic records. Disease duration was calculated as the time from symptom onset to the most recent episode based on local hospital records and the Turkish Ministry of Health's National Health System (e-nabız) records. The population size was 203 (~70% females), with a mean age of 40.27 ± 15.03 years. Disease duration was unassociated with age (p = 0.794) and sex (p = 0.366). Angioedema and ANA positivity were respectively detected in 43.35% and 52.26% of patients, but were not associated with disease duration (p = 0.301 and p = 0.824). Notably, patients with a disease duration of >12 months had significantly lower total IgE (p = 0.042) and higher basophils (p = 0.019) compared to those with shorter disease duration. No significant relationships were found when disease duration was classified with thresholds of 24, 36, or 60 months. Basophil count was the only parameter with a very weak but significant correlation with disease duration (r = 0.142, p = 0.044). These results suggest that prolonged CSU duration may be associated with basophil counts and IgE levels; however, it appears that these relationships are weak and likely non-linear. Further research is needed to better understand whether quantifiable parameters might have use in predicting CSU-related characteristics.

Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) Type 3 is a rare and severe bleeding disorder characterized by an almost complete deficiency of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Plasma-derived Factor VIII (FVIII)/VWF concentrates are used both on demand and for prophylactic treatment. However, allergic reactions to these products pose significant challenges in clinical management. A 40-year-old female patient with VWD Type 3 presented to our clinic with symptoms including jaw numbness and tightness, chills, fatigue, nausea, and dyspnea following administration of a FVIII/VWF concentrate (Haemate^® P). Skin prick tests and intradermal tests were performed for diagnostic evaluation and were found to be negative. The hypersensitivity reaction was assessed as an immediate type and non-IgE-mediated reaction. As there were no alternative treatment options, we decided to perform desensitization. A 14-step desensitization protocol was successfully administered. The patient is now able to self-administer Haemate^® P at home three times a week. This case highlights the importance of desensitization and multidisciplinary approach in the case of drug hypersensitivity in patients with VWD Type 3. Our desensitization protocol with FVIII/VWF concentrate is highly effective and safe.

Food Allergies (FA) presents an increasing global challenge, influenced by factors such as genetic predisposition, ethnicity, age, and cultural dietary practices. Patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated FA must adhere to strict dietary restrictions to avoid potential life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Such restrictions are crucial but come with significant consequences as increased nutritional risks, higher costs for special meal preparations and medical care with potential social and psychological impacts on both the individual and their family The impact of FA on quality of life is frequently surrounded by persistent fear of adverse reactions after consuming certain foods. To better understand the behavior of patients with FA this study aims to explore whether patients with confirmed IgE-mediated FA tend to exclude other foods and to identify possible reasons for such exclusions.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of Yupingfeng powder combined with acupuncture and moxibustion on allergic rhinitis (AR) and to provide evidence-based basis for combined treatment of AR patients.

Methods: The randomized controlled trials of Yupingfeng powder combined with acupuncture in the treatment of AR were searched in Chinese and English databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane). The search time was from the establishment of the database to May 2025. Stata15.0 software was used to perform a meta-analysis of the included literature that met the requirements.

Results: A total of nine studies were included, with a total sample size of 686 cases-350 cases in the control group and 336 cases in the study group. A meta-analysis showed that compared with other treatment methods, Yupingfeng powder combined with acupuncture was more effective in the treatment of AR [RR = 2.52,95% CI (1.80,3.54), P < 0.001]. In addition, the effective rate of follow-up after treatment was higher than that of the control group [RR = 2.03,95% CI (1.32,3.13), P = 0.01], and the recurrence rate of the treatment group was also lower than that of the control group [RR = 0.28,95% CI (0.09,0.87), P = 0.028]; the differences were statistically significant.

Conclusion: Yupingfeng powder and acupuncture therapy have certain clinical efficacy and maintenance effects in the treatment of AR. It can be promoted and applied on a larger scale after further clinical practice.

Asthma is a widespread allergic condition that has impacted around 300 million people globally. There are various classifications of asthma, one of which is based on T-helper2 (Th2) cells, and in this review, we have focused on Th2 high type and how it is caused. In the following sections, we have explored various treatment approaches for asthma, with a particular emphasis on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a more effective alternative to conventional treatments. MSCs contribute to asthma management through multiple mechanisms, including the secretion of secretomes, soluble factors, and even interactions with other cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. However, as explained later in this review, there are challenges associated with MSCs. In response to these limitations, the development of engineered MSCs offers a novel approach. These engineered MSCs are tailored to improve therapeutic efficacy by boosting their homing efficiency, survival rates, and capacity to modulate immune responses. Engineered MSCs are designed with a variety of genes, each enabling distinct mechanisms that contribute to the effective control of asthma. By specifically targeting Th2 cells, these genetically modified MSCs can modulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, and improve airway function, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for management of asthma.