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Novel method for gel preparation of amine-templated SAPO-34: fractured crystals for enhanced methanol-to-olefin catalysis 凝胶法制备胺模板 SAPO-34的新方法:用于增强甲醇制烯烃催化的碎裂晶体
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05420-4
Mohadese Nazari, Motahare Zare, Reza Mosayebi Behbahani, Marzieh Hamidzadeh

The methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process is a promising method for producing light olefins, which are essential intermediates in petrochemical processes. SAPO-34, a crucial catalyst for the MTO process, often suffers from compromised quality when synthesized using low-cost precursors. This study presents a novel and efficient gel preparation method to enhance the performance of amine-templated SAPO-34. Comprehensive characterization through XRD, SEM, EDX, XRF, N2 physisorption, and FTIR analyses provided insights into the catalyst structure and composition. The results exhibit promoting nucleation, crystal growth, and silica incorporation while suppressing impurities. Notably, increased silica incorporation led to the formation of crystal cracks, significantly boosting the specific surface area. The optimized SAPO-34 catalyst exhibited improved catalytic performance, characterized by a short induction period and a sustained high light olefin selectivity of 84% for over 6 h, showcasing the potential of this approach for producing cost-effective, high-performance MTO catalysts.Kindly check and confirm the corresponding author of the article and the first/last name of the authors are correctly identifiedYes. The corresponding author of the article and the first/last name of all authors are correct.

甲醇制烯烃(MTO)工艺是生产轻质烯烃的一种前景广阔的方法,而轻质烯烃是石化工艺中必不可少的中间体。SAPO-34 是 MTO 工艺的重要催化剂,但在使用低成本前体合成时,其质量往往受到影响。本研究提出了一种新颖高效的凝胶制备方法,以提高胺模板 SAPO-34 的性能。通过 XRD、SEM、EDX、XRF、N2 物理吸附和傅立叶变换红外分析进行综合表征,深入了解了催化剂的结构和组成。研究结果表明,在抑制杂质的同时,还促进了成核、晶体生长和二氧化硅的掺入。值得注意的是,二氧化硅加入量的增加导致晶体裂缝的形成,从而显著提高了比表面积。优化后的 SAPO-34 催化剂显示出更高的催化性能,其特点是诱导期短,在超过 6 小时的时间内,轻质烯烃的选择性持续高达 84%,显示出这种方法在生产高性价比、高性能 MTO 催化剂方面的潜力。请检查并确认文章的通讯作者和所有作者的名/姓是否正确是。 文章的通讯作者和所有作者的名/姓均正确。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Fe3+ or Fe2+ species on the catalytic performance and reaction pathway over CWK modified by iron sources in NH3-SCR reaction Fe3+ 或 Fe2+ 物种对经铁源改性的 CWK 在 NH3-SCR 反应中的催化性能和反应路径的影响
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05425-z
Ruihua Guo, Zhongxian Song, Xi Chen, Wei Liu, Mengru Zhang, Yehua Fan, Hongrun Gao, Haiyang Li, Xuejun Zhang

Developing high-performance catalysts for NOx reduction was a significant challenge. CWK catalysts modified with iron sources were synthesized using co-precipitation and impregnation methods. The CWK-F3C and CWK-F3S catalysts exhibited the superior catalytic activity at 250–350 ℃ and the excellent N2 selectivity. The key reasons for the enhanced catalytic activity of CWK-F3C and CWK-F3S catalysts could be attributed to the higher Fe3+ concentration, more surface chemisorbed oxygen species and bigger relative fraction of Ce3+. More significantly, the adsorption of NH3 and redox capability were both strengthened by the Fe3+ doping. The DRIFTS experiment results showed that the E-R and L–H mechanism were followed by CWK-F3C and CWK-F2C catalysts. Furthermore, the introduction of Fe3+ generated more surface acidic sites, which could facilitate the formation of key intermediates (-NH2) (NH3(ads) + O(ads)/O2−(ads) → -NH2(ads) + -OH(ads)). The presence of Fe3+ was conducive to NO3 formation (NO3 + NO(ads) → NO2(ads)), resulting in the presence of fast reaction, causing the excellent low temperature catalytic performance. Hence, the production of -NH2 and NO3 species was responsible for the outstanding catalytic activity of CWK-F3C.

开发用于降低氮氧化物的高性能催化剂是一项重大挑战。采用共沉淀和浸渍法合成了铁源改性的 CWK 催化剂。CWK-F3C 和 CWK-F3S 催化剂在 250-350 ℃ 下具有优异的催化活性和出色的 N2 选择性。CWK-F3C 和 CWK-F3S 催化剂催化活性增强的主要原因可能是较高的 Fe3+ 浓度、更多的表面化学吸附氧物种和更大的 Ce3+ 相对分数。更重要的是,Fe3+ 的掺杂增强了催化剂对 NH3 的吸附和氧化还原能力。DRIFTS 实验结果表明,CWK-F3C 和 CWK-F2C 催化剂遵循 E-R 和 L-H 机理。此外,Fe3+ 的引入产生了更多的表面酸性位点,从而促进了关键中间产物(-NH2)的形成(NH3(ads)+ O(ads)/O2-(ads)→-NH2(ads)+ -OH(ads))。Fe3+ 的存在有利于 NO3- 的形成(NO3- + NO(ads)→NO2(ads)),导致存在快速反应,从而产生了优异的低温催化性能。因此,-NH2 和 NO3- 物种的产生是 CWK-F3C 具有出色催化活性的原因。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of methacrylate ternary polymer on the low-temperature flowability of coal-based diesel 甲基丙烯酸酯三元聚合物对煤基柴油低温流动性的影响
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05404-4
Shun-li Wan, Jing-mei Liu, Xiao-dong Zhou, Qing-yun Hu, Chun-mei Ma, Peng-tao Sun, Yong-guo Su, Rui-tao Ma

In this study, tetradecyl methacrylate-maleic anhydride-benzylidene acetone (C14MC-MA-MCA) terpolymers were synthesized via free radical polymerization and evaluated as pour point depressants (PPDs) for coal-based diesel. The findings indicate that the C14MC-MA-MCA (3:1:1) terpolymer exhibited the most effective inhibition of the solid point (SP) at 1500 ppm concentration. Specifically, it reduced the SP of coal-based diesel from − 4 to − 42 °C, marking a significant decrease of 38 °C. Furthermore, the crystallization behavior and SP reduction mechanism of C14MC-MA-MCA in coal-based diesel were investigated using viscosity analysis and polarized optical microscopy (POM).

本研究通过自由基聚合法合成了甲基丙烯酸十四酯-马来酸酐-苯亚甲基丙酮(C14MC-MA-MCA)三元共聚物,并将其作为煤基柴油的降凝剂(PPD)进行了评估。 研究结果表明,C14MC-MA-MCA(3:1:1)三元共聚物在浓度为 1500 ppm 时对凝固点(SP)的抑制效果最佳。具体而言,它将煤基柴油的固点温度从 - 4 ℃ 降至 - 42 ℃,显著降低了 38 ℃。此外,还利用粘度分析和偏振光学显微镜(POM)研究了 C14MC-MA-MCA 在煤基柴油中的结晶行为和降低固点的机理。
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引用次数: 0
Catalytic functionalization of MCM-41 and MCM-48 with copper by modified template ion-exchange method for low-temperature NH3-SCR process: the role of complexing agents for copper dispersion 通过改良模板离子交换法将 MCM-41 和 MCM-48 与铜催化官能化,用于低温 NH3-SCR 过程:络合剂对铜分散的作用
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05414-2
Aleksandra Gomułka, Oliwia Iwaszko, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Zofia Piwowarska, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Lucjan Chmielarz

Mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 and MCM-48 types were synthesized and modified with copper by template ion-exchange (TIE) technique. A high dispersion of deposited copper species was managed by subsequent treatment of the samples with ammonia, urea, or acetonitrile solution. Copper-modified silicas were analysed in terms of their chemical composition (ICP-OES), ordering of porous structure (XRD), textural parameters (low-temperature N2 sorption), dispersion and form of introduced copper species (UV–vis-DR, XRD, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD). Mesoporous silicas modified with copper exhibited promising catalytic efficiency in selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH3-SCR). The samples containing dispersed copper species (predominantly monomeric copper cations) presented enhanced catalytic activity compared to catalysts containing CuO aggregates. On the other hand, CuO aggregates showed greater catalytic activity in the side process of direct ammonia oxidation by oxygen present in the reaction mixture. It was demonstrated that TIE post-treatment of the samples with urea resulted in most effective improving dispersion of deposited copper and is less destructive for ordered porous structures of mesoporous silica comparing to treatment with ammonia solution.

Graphical abstract

通过模板离子交换(TIE)技术合成了 MCM-41 和 MCM-48 型介孔硅并对其进行了铜改性。随后用氨水、尿素或乙腈溶液处理样品,使沉积的铜物种高度分散。对铜改性硅的化学成分(ICP-OES)、多孔结构的有序性(XRD)、纹理参数(低温 N2 吸附)、引入铜物种的分散性和形态(UV-vis-DR、XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD)进行了分析。铜修饰的介孔硅在氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物(NH3-SCR)中表现出良好的催化效率。与含有 CuO 团聚体的催化剂相比,含有分散铜物种(主要是单质铜阳离子)的样品具有更高的催化活性。另一方面,在氨被反应混合物中的氧气直接氧化的副反应过程中,CuO 聚合物表现出更高的催化活性。研究表明,用尿素对样品进行 TIE 后处理能最有效地改善沉积铜的分散性,与用氨溶液处理相比,对介孔二氧化硅有序多孔结构的破坏性更小。
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引用次数: 0
Reusable magnetic room-temperature Brönsted acidic ionic liquid: synthesis, characterization and evolution of catalytic and biological properties 可重复使用的磁性室温布伦氏酸性离子液体:合成、表征以及催化和生物特性的演变
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05373-8
Reyhaneh Shamghazani, Ali Ezabadi, Behin Omidi, Marjeneh Samadizadeh

We report a novel magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) based on pyridine successfully prepared by a two-step reaction pathway. The prepared MIL was recognized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–visible and Raman spectroscopies, thermal analysis (TGA and DTG), magnetic susceptibility measurement, mass spectra (MS), proton NMR ((^{1}hbox {H},hbox {NMR})), carbon NMR ((^{13}hbox {C},hbox {NMR})), Hammett acidity, and CHN elemental analysis. The MIL was shown to be efficient in the synthesis of xanthenediones under solvent-free conditions. In addition, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the MIL was investigated.

我们报告了一种基于吡啶的新型磁性离子液体(MIL),通过两步反应途径成功制备。磁感应强度测量、质谱(MS)、质子核磁共振((^{1}hbox {H}hbox {NMR}))、碳核磁共振((^{13}hbox {C}hbox {NMR}))、Hammett 酸度和 CHN 元素分析。结果表明,该 MIL 能在无溶剂条件下高效合成呫吨。此外,还研究了 MIL 的抗菌和抗真菌活性。
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引用次数: 0
Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole conjugated viologens for hydrogel-type all-in-one electrochromic devices 用于水凝胶型一体化电致变色装置的噻唑并[5,4-d]噻唑共轭紫原
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05419-x
Baoluo Zhao, Ziliang Wang, Mingxiao Wu, Zhixin Zhang, Xuejiao Sun, Zhongzhen Tian, Dongmei Li

Viologen-based organic electrochromic materials have been extensively studied due to their excellent electrochromic performance. Nevertheless, the dimerization of the radical cation state will destroy the reversibility of viologens and result in poor stability of the electrochromic device (ECD). Herein, two π-extended viologen derivatives (Spr-MPTT and Sbu-MPTT) are synthesized by inserting a thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole unit between bipyridine moieties and N-bisubstituted with alkyl sulfonate groups. All-in-one hydrogel ECDs are assembled using Spr-MPTT or Sbu-MPTT and ferrocene modified by a water-soluble group. The Spr-MPTT-based ECD exhibited alternating color change between yellow-green and violet, while the Sbu-MPTT-based ECD displayed alternating color change between yellow-green and purple at 1.0/0 V pulse voltage. The extended conjugation of the viologen chromophore confers these devices with visible-NIR absorption and good cyclic stability. Their optical contrasts at 535 nm are 54.85% and 60.17%, respectively, for Spr-MPTT or Sbu-MPTT based ECD. These results demonstrate their potential application in electrochromic hydrogel smart windows.

由于具有出色的电致变色性能,人们对基于紫胶的有机电致变色材料进行了广泛的研究。然而,自由基阳离子状态的二聚化会破坏紫胶的可逆性,导致电致变色装置(ECD)的稳定性变差。本文通过在双吡啶分子之间插入一个噻唑并[5,4-d]噻唑单元并用烷基磺酸基团进行 N-双取代,合成了两种 π-扩展紫胶衍生物(Spr-MPTT 和 Sbu-MPTT)。一体化水凝胶 ECD 是用 Spr-MPTT 或 Sbu-MPTT 和经水溶性基团修饰的二茂铁组装而成的。在 1.0/0 V 脉冲电压下,基于 Spr-MPTT 的 ECD 在黄绿色和紫色之间交替变色,而基于 Sbu-MPTT 的 ECD 则在黄绿色和紫色之间交替变色。紫胶发色团的扩展共轭使这些器件具有可见光-近红外吸收能力和良好的循环稳定性。基于 Spr-MPTT 或 Sbu-MPTT 的 ECD 在 535 纳米波长处的光学对比度分别为 54.85% 和 60.17%。这些结果证明了它们在电致变色水凝胶智能窗中的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Visible light photocatalytic decomposition of organic dye and biodegradation-resistant antibiotic pollutants using cerium-doped tungsten trioxide nanoparticles 利用掺铈三氧化钨纳米颗粒的可见光光催化分解有机染料和抗生物降解抗生素污染物
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05418-y
Venkatesh Gopal, Ahmed A. Mohamed, Vadim Ialyshev, Sofian Kanan

Ce-doped WO3 nanoparticles were fabricated and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, SEM–EDX, UV–Vis, photoluminescence (PL), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results revealed the formation of a highly crystalline monoclinic phase in Ce-doped WO3 photocatalyst (abbreviated WCC), confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The bandgap was tuned by increasing the percentage of Ce dopant, where the WCC (1 mol wt% Ce-doped WO3) photocatalyst sample exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity towards synthetic methylene blue (MB) dye pollutant and biodegradation-resistant tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) antibiotic. The decomposition efficiency using the WCC photocatalyst against aqueous MB dye and TC-HCl antibiotic reached 95% and 51% after exposure to simulated sunlight irradiation for 180 min, with excellent stability after four recycling runs. The interfacial contact between Ce and WO3 effectively shortened the charge transfer carrier process, enabling redox reactions to provide the best decomposition efficiency over the investigated pollutants. The photodecomposition rate constant of WCC was 0.017 min−1 for MB dye, which is 3.6-fold higher performance than common literature photocatalysts. The results showed the significance of the environmental impact toxicity assessment by applying the treated water to finger millet plant growth. Based on the research feasibility, the synthesized photocatalyst demonstrated superior decomposition against dyes and antibiotics, making it highly suitable for applications in wastewater treatment. Moreover, the use of degraded water resulted in productive plant growth.

Graphical abstract

利用粉末 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜-电子发射光谱 (SEM-EDX)、紫外-可见光光谱 (UV-Vis)、光致发光 (PL)、动态光散射 (DLS) 和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 分析,制备并表征了掺杂 Ce 的 WO3 纳米粒子。结果表明,掺杂 Ce 的 WO3 光催化剂(简称 WCC)形成了高度结晶的单斜相,拉曼光谱证实了这一点。通过增加掺杂 Ce 的百分比来调整带隙,WCC(1 mol wt% 掺杂 Ce 的 WO3)光催化剂样品对合成亚甲基蓝(MB)染料污染物和耐生物降解的盐酸四环素(TC-HCl)抗生素表现出最高的光催化活性。将 WCC 光催化剂置于模拟太阳光照射下 180 分钟后,其对水性 MB 染料和 TC-HCl 抗生素的分解效率分别达到 95% 和 51%,并且在四次循环运行后具有极佳的稳定性。Ce 与 WO3 之间的界面接触有效地缩短了电荷转移载流子过程,使氧化还原反应对所研究的污染物具有最佳的分解效率。WCC 对 MB 染料的光分解速率常数为 0.017 min-1,是普通文献中光催化剂性能的 3.6 倍。结果表明,将处理后的水用于黍稷植物生长,对环境影响毒性评估具有重要意义。基于研究的可行性,合成的光催化剂对染料和抗生素的分解性能优越,因此非常适合应用于废水处理。此外,使用降解后的水还能促进植物生长。
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引用次数: 0
Kinetics, thermodynamics, and optimization studies using response surface methodology in quinoxalines synthesis with efficient heterogeneous catalysts: environmental sustainability metrics assessment 使用高效异相催化剂合成喹喔啉的动力学、热力学和响应面方法优化研究:环境可持续性指标评估
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05410-6
Khadija Sadraoui, Touayba Ahl El Haj, Khalid El Mejdoubi, Ahmed El Yacoubi, Youssef Elrhayam, Mohamed Berradi, Brahim Chafik El Idrissi, Hassan Chaair, Brahim Sallek

In this study, a Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives via the condensation of benzil or furyl with 1,2-diamines using zirconium phosphate (ZrP) as a heterogeneous catalyst and water as a green solvent. The effects of reaction temperature (40–50 °C), catalyst amount (0.02–0.04 g), and stirring time (5–15 min) were investigated. The model exhibited excellent predictive accuracy with an adjusted R2 of 0.997, yielding 97.90% quinoxalines under optimal conditions: 0.03 g catalyst, 12 min reaction time, and 45 °C. Catalyst reusability was confirmed for up to five cycles, with a slight decrease in yield (~ 90% after five uses). Kinetic analysis revealed first-order reaction kinetics with an activation energy of 70.34 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic parameters, including ΔS, ΔH, and ΔG, were calculated using the Eyring-Polanyi equation. A sustainability assessment using green metrics, such as atom economy (AE), reaction mass efficiency (RME), and the E-factor, demonstrated the improved environmental profile of the process. This method offers a greener and efficient approach for quinoxaline synthesis, with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.

Graphical Abstract

本研究以磷酸锆(ZrP)为异相催化剂,水为绿色溶剂,采用盒-贝肯设计法优化了苯齐或呋喃与 1,2-二胺缩合合成喹喔啉衍生物的过程。研究了反应温度(40-50 °C)、催化剂用量(0.02-0.04 克)和搅拌时间(5-15 分钟)的影响。该模型具有极佳的预测准确性,调整后的 R2 为 0.997,在最佳条件下可生成 97.90% 的喹喔啉:最佳条件为:0.03 克催化剂、12 分钟反应时间和 45 °C。催化剂可重复使用长达五个循环,但收率略有下降(使用五次后约为 90%)。动力学分析表明,反应动力学为一阶,活化能为 70.34 kJ/mol。热力学参数(包括 ΔS、ΔH 和 ΔG)是通过艾林-波兰尼方程计算得出的。使用原子经济性 (AE)、反应质量效率 (RME) 和 E 因子等绿色指标进行的可持续性评估表明,该工艺的环境状况得到了改善。该方法为喹喔啉的合成提供了一种更环保、更高效的方法,有望应用于制药和精细化工行业。
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引用次数: 0
Nanostructured TiO2 sensitized with CuS quantum dots for solar energy conversion 利用 CuS 量子点敏化的纳米结构二氧化钛实现太阳能转换
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05417-z
Renuka A. Pawar, Shivanand B. Teli, Sandip S. Patil, Kalyanrao M. Garadkar

The present paper contains the preparation of QDs sensitized on TiO2 thin film as a photoanode for solar cell applications. The photoanode is developed by copper sulfide quantum dots (CuS QDs) on TiO2 thin films using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). CuS QDs act as sensitizer because of its strong visible light absorption. Fabrication process comprises sensitizing CuS QDs on the surface of TiO2 thin films controlled by 5 and 10 SILAR cycles. XRD study indicates the crystallite size of TiO2/CuS QDs thin films is 11.6 and 13.7 nm for 5 and 10 cycles (cys), respectively. The outcome of UV-DRS and photoluminescence indicates the enhanced light absorption, reduction in bandgap and suppression of electron–hole pair recombination. The HR-TEM image revealed that the diameter of the TiO2 is 10 nm and surroundings core-like CuS particles are observed. The TiO2/CuS QDs (10 cys) configuration showed a better photoelectrochemical efficiency of 2.55% at 30 mW cm−2 light intensity.

本文介绍了硫化铜量子点(CuS QDs)在二氧化钛(TiO2)薄膜上敏化后作为太阳能电池光阳极的制备方法。硫化铜量子点(CuS QDs)是利用连续离子层吸附和反应(SILAR)技术在二氧化钛薄膜上制备的光阳极。硫化铜量子点具有很强的可见光吸收能力,因此可作为敏化剂。制备过程包括通过 5 次和 10 次 SILAR 循环控制 CuS QDs 在 TiO2 薄膜表面的敏化。XRD 研究表明,TiO2/CuS QDs 薄膜在 5 个和 10 个周期(cys)下的晶粒大小分别为 11.6 nm 和 13.7 nm。UV-DRS 和光致发光结果表明,薄膜的光吸收增强、带隙减小,电子-空穴对重组受到抑制。HR-TEM 图像显示,TiO2 的直径为 10 nm,周围观察到类似核心的 CuS 颗粒。在 30 mW cm-2 的光照强度下,TiO2/CuS QDs(10 cys)配置的光电化学效率为 2.55%。
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引用次数: 0
Photocatalytic degradation of malachite Green dye using Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets decorated with Fe3O4 NPs under visible light irradiation 在可见光辐照下,使用饰有 Fe3O4 NPs 的 Ti3C2 MXene 纳米片对孔雀石绿染料进行光催化降解
IF 2.8 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11164-024-05415-1
Amal M. Alkhudaydi, Ekram Y. Danish, Eder Claudio Lima, M.A. Gabal, Mohamed Abdel Salam

In this research, a novel Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposite was prepared by a simple ultrasonic method by combining Ti3C2 MXene and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and was used for the remediation of malachite green (MG) dye, as an example of an organic pollutant, from the environment through photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation. A wide variety of techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanohybrid, including X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), surface area analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in addition to the optical properties and band gap analysis. The results showed that the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase’s Al layer was successfully selectively etched, resulting in the two-dimensional layered Ti3C2 MXene (average diameter of 78 nm). Additionally, the results revealed the preparation of the cubic Fe3O4 phase (average particle size of 11 nm), which was distributed homogeneously on the Ti3C2 MXene surface, as indicated by XRD, SEM, and TEM analysis. Moreover, the Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanophotocatalyst exhibits good visible light absorption ability under visible light (> 420 nm) due to its huge surface area, excellent conductivity, and sufficient quantity of active sites, and the accessibility of all elements required for effective photocatalysis. Accordingly, under 300 min of visible light exposure, the Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanophotocatalyst successfully photodegraded MG dye more efficiently than the pure MXene with a removal percentage of 95.4% with 0.5 g/L loading. Overall, the current study has shown that the Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene nanophotocatalyst has the potential to be a valuable photocatalyst for exceptionally efficient wastewater treatment applications.

本研究采用简单的超声波法,将 Ti3C2 MXene 和 Fe3O4 纳米颗粒结合在一起,制备了一种新型 Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene 纳米复合材料,并在可见光照射下通过光催化降解的方式用于修复环境中的有机污染物孔雀石绿(MG)染料。对合成的 Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene 纳米杂化物的表征采用了多种技术,包括 X 射线衍射分析(XRD)、表面积分析、扫描和透射电子显微镜(SEM 和 TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及光学特性和带隙分析。结果表明,Ti3AlC2 MAX 相的铝层被成功地选择性蚀刻,形成了二维层状的 Ti3C2 MXene(平均直径 78 nm)。此外,XRD、SEM 和 TEM 分析表明,制备的立方体 Fe3O4 相(平均粒径为 11 nm)均匀地分布在 Ti3C2 MXene 表面。此外,Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene 纳米光催化剂在可见光(> 420 nm)下表现出良好的可见光吸收能力,这得益于其巨大的比表面积、优异的导电性和足够数量的活性位点,以及有效光催化所需的所有元素的可及性。因此,在可见光照射 300 分钟的条件下,Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene 纳米光催化剂比纯 MXene 更有效地光降解了 MG 染料,在 0.5 g/L 的负载条件下,去除率达到 95.4%。总之,目前的研究表明,Fe3O4@Ti3C2 MXene 纳米光催化剂有望成为一种有价值的光催化剂,用于高效废水处理。
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