Bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes最新文献

High division of the brachial artery was observed in two cadavers, during routine dissection of upper extremities. In the first case, the brachial artery of the right upper extremity was divided into its two terminal branches immediately after passing between the lateral and medial roots of the median nerve and just below the origin of the profunda brachii artery. The lateral branch was the radial artery, located in the space normally occupied by the brachial artery and the medial one was the ulnar artery. In the second case, the brachial artery was divided into its two terminal branches just below the origin of the profunda brachii artery. Accurate knowledge of the relationships and course of these major arterial conduits and particularly of their variational patterns, is of considerable practical importance in the conduct of reperative surgery in the arm, forearm and hand.

The characteristics of trabecular bone in human fetuses at three to six months intra-uterine life were studied in the vestibular surface of the mental and body portions of the mandible. Rounded trabeculae disposed vertically were observed in the alveolar region of the mental portion until 3 months of age. Bundles of collagen fibers were present longitudinally in the alveolar region of the mandibular body: laminar and longitudinal trabeculae lying parallel to the mandible base were seen in the basilar region. In 4 to 6-month old fetuses rounded trabeculae were observed in the alveolar region of the mental portion; in the medium region, the trabeculae were oblique while in the basilar region they were longitudinal and parallel to mandible base. In the alveolar region of the mandibular body, trabeculae with a rounded aspect were seen: in the medium region, they were straight, oblique and longitudinal to the mandible ramus: in the basilar region, the trabeculae were longitudinal and parallel to mandible base. The alveolar foramina exhibit differing diameters and shapes in the mental and body portions: thick bundles of collagen fibers and osteocyte lacunae of varying diameters were present in the bone surface.

The authors present their experience in the treatment of the Pierre Robin Syndrome in 32 cases. The purpose of this anatomical and clinical study is to guide and codify the surgical treatment of this malformation.

The palmaris longus is one of the most variable muscles and this should be considered in surgery of the wrist where good orientation is essential. This short note describes an unusual variant which was discovered by Hacettepe University medical students, during routine dissection of the upper limb. Since the palmaris longus provides a very useful graft in tendon surgery, the surgeon should be fully aware of its anatomical variation.

The authors investigate the differences between the angiogenesis that occurs in malignant and benign breast tumours (10 specimens of invasive ductal carcinoma and 10 specimens of fibroadenoma) as well as in the adjacent breast stroma of these women highlighting the microvessels by staining their endothelial cells for factor VIII immunohistochemically. The number of vessels counted in invasive ductal carcinoma was significantly higher than the number of vessels counted in fibroadenoma and in the adjacent breast stroma. There was no difference between the number of vessels counted in the fibroadenoma and its adjacent stroma. Even though the patients with invasive ductal carcinoma showed a adjacent stroma with a higher number of vessels, the difference was not significant when compared with the adjacent stroma obtained from patients with fibroadenoma.

The authors report a case of retro-iliac ureter associated with a lumbo-sacral agenesis. Retro-iliac ureter seems in relation with abnormal constitution of aortic division and/or ilio-cava confluence when the metanephros migrates. Lumbosacral agenesis is the most severe state of sacral agenesis and is a part of the syndrome of caudal regression. The association of the two malformations have never been described and could be fortuitous. Nevertheless, the vertebral malformation could induce a perturbation in the formation of vascular structures and so an abnormal migration of the metanephros.

The anatomy of the malleolar peroneal groove is presented. The results are based on a coupled osteological and CTscan study of 20 samples of fibulae. The average distal fibular torsion was 64 degrees. The peroneal groove was oriented posteriorly (mean value: 78 degrees). Three types of morphological variations were found: concave, flat, convex (the convex shaped groove was the most frequent one: 70%). The average width of the groove was 9 mm. These morphometric results were compared to "clinical" ones performed on patients with a peroneal tendons dislocation syndrome: CTscan study showed an osseous dysplasia concerning the groove depth (flat or convex) and/or a torsional insufficiency. Hypothesis of a bone dysplasia in peroneal dislocation syndrome is discussed.

The aim of this study was to describe in detail the anastomoses between pulmonary lymphatic vessels and veins of the neck so as to better understand certain complications in thoracic surgery. Lymphatic vessels of 687 pulmonary segments in 360 cadavers were injected. Detailed study of the end of the right paratracheal, right thoraco oesophageal, left preaorticocarotid and left recurrent lymph node chains was undertaken. The results showed the absence of any major right lymphatic duct. There were, however, many lymphatic arches draining into the jugulo-subclavian confluent ipsilaterally and, in 10 to 25% of cases, contralaterally, as well. The intertracheobronchial lymph nodes also drained into the venous confluents of the neck, via direct lymphatic vessels, without lymph node relays. Lastly, the left mediastinal lymph node chains were frequently found to drain into the arch of the thoracic duct (40% of cases), and reflux by valvular incompetence at this level could be an explanation for chylous pericarditis and some chylothoraxes after surgery.