Bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes最新文献

The formation of the meninges around the new spinal cord of the regenerating tail of the lizards Anolis and Lampropholis has been studied after injection of 3H-thymidine and 3H-proline. An optical and electron microscopic autoradiographical study revealed that many irregular 3H-thymidine labeled meningeal fibroblasts surround the apical regenerating spinal cord. Meningeal fibroblasts become flat at about 0.5-1 mm from the tail tip while they actively uptake 3H-proline involved in the synthesis of collagen and elastin. Elastic fibres are in intimate contact with the meningeal fibroblasts. One hour after injection of 3H-proline trace grains were seen most in the Golgi apparatus and secretory elastin-like vesicles. The importance of the elastic fibrils around the caudal spinal cord of lizard in relation to the body movements is discussed.

The sensitive branch of radial nerve is superficial at the inferior third of forearm. This explain frequency of their operative lesions. The purpose of our work is to study his anatomy for choosing surgical approach who protect the nerve. The sensitive radial nerve was dissected is 20 cadaver forearms and wrists. The ride of the nerve and his terminal branches was constant at the lateral side of the radius may be the origins of the terminal branches was variable with 40% of specimens innervating the radial 2 1/2 digits. This is the common terminal distribution of the nerve. The authors do not recommended lateral approach advise anterior surgical approach for the inferior third of the radius to prevent nervous lesions, disagreeable in post-operative period.

In order to evaluate the rotation following radial and ulnar fractures, the authors propose radial, ulnar and humeral landmarks for a CT scan measure of radial and ulnar torsion. In the ulna, the dorsal at the level of the proximal radio-ulnar articulation, as well as the bicondylar axis of the humerus seem to be fair landmarks. Distally, the styloid process is regularly identified and may serve as distal reference for the measure. In the radius, the ventral face of the distal epiphysis is always clearly visualized and seems to be a good landmark; the radial tuberosity, which was primarily chosen as proximal reference, is not consistently identified and cannot be used as landmark. The variation of position of the radial head with respect to the capitulum during pronation needs too know the amount of this movement before the measure if the bicondylar humeral axis is chosen as proximal reference.

Teratology, science of monsters, exists during the periods of Antiquity, Middle Ages, Renaissance, ... but its comes more precise at the XIXth century with Etienne. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire who studies several anomalies; he was interested in celosomia, cyclocephalia, anencephaly, twin monsters ... His son, Isidore Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, creates the word "Teratologie" and specifies the teratologic classification; he studies omphalosites, celosomia, hermaphrodite, twin monsters. During the XIXth century, the development of experimental embriology and teratogenesis is very important. During le XXth century the studies of morphologic teratology are specified. Famous living monsters are described; experimental teratogenese is improved; the mecanism and the etiology are more known. It is also the beguining of the teratologic surgery and of the antenatal diagnostic.

Comparative study of static curves of the thoracic and lumbar spine in men and women has been realized under constraints of compression by weightlifting and elongation by exercise to parallel bars. In two athletic practices, curves decrease their arrow, ending to a straighter and more rigid column. This behavior expresses muscular actions. The greatest amplitude of displacement, observed in female series, shows lesser muscular forces in connection with a poor practice of exercises of body building.

Trained users of Rhythmic and Athletic Gymnastic, present kinetic spinal vast extents. Analysis, with pasted cutaneous markers, shows that, according to the codified movement, various segments of the vertebral column are requested and realized important displacements. Nevertheless, to have an homogeneous attitude, some subjects request more either lumbar or thoracic segments, of both. To prevent frequent spinal pain, it is important to realize a preliminary subject selection using their total spine and to improve protection by adapted gymnastic.

We use a pattern of 51 living subjects of which sex is known, 21 years aged, and of which we have teleradiographic tracing (with setting off cutaneous outline). Vestibular orientation is made and statistical average-type is established by vestibular coordinates showing position of 6 skeletal points and 7 cutaneous ones. Their spatial variability is studied. Cutaneous elements are situated relatively to their bony homologous, by regression equations, single and multiple, on each of the two coordinates. This study conclude is: in spite of the use of complex statistical methodologies, uncertainties persists as for validity of face reconstruction for a given subject.

On cephalic skeleton of Man and two species of chimpanzees, statistically considered during their growing, a sagittal area is measured in facial mass and total face. Barycenters are determined. This points describe, in vestibular axis, ontogenic curves with posterior concavity more important in Man. Remarkable relations exist between barycenters and several facial and mandibular points, and with those of frontal and parietal vault.