Bulletin de l'Association des anatomistes最新文献

We report a variation of the ligamentum teres hepatis in 45 year old male cadaver. The ligamentum teres hepatis was found between the layers of the rectus sheath. A review of the literature reveals no additional reports of similar anomaly. There was also a variation in the form of the liver.

A bilateral anomaly of deltoid muscles was found in cadaver dissection of a middle aged male. Posterior part of the muscle was enclosed with a separate fascial sheath. There was no concomitant muscular anomaly in any part of the body.

After a classic dissection of 50 wrists in black african cadavers, we have studied carpal tunnel anatomy for therapeutic deductions. By a wide anterior incision following the longitudinal axis of the third finger remounting the inferior third of the forearm we studied both the anatomical limits specially the transcarpal ligament, the volare carpal ligament and also median nerve and flexores digitorum tendons. We have observed in 2 cases an ectopic second lumbrical muscle inside the carpal tunnel; we found numerous variations of the collateral and terminal branches of median nerve; we concluded that it is difficult to definitively establish the cartography of the terminal branches of median nerve. However our anatomical observations allowed us to choose larger and more medial surgical approach of the carpal tunnel to avoid the following complications: incomplete section of the carpal ligament, damages of collateral branches of median nerve, dislocation of flexor tendons of index and middle fingers, ignorance of anomalous muscle.

Eleven superficial aponeuroses have been examined in order to study their biomechanical and structural properties. Specimens were taken from 5 fresh cadavers, 3 males, 2 females with a mean age between 40 and 60 years. The study was done by two methods: biomechanical and histological. Aponeuroses can be classified in 2 biomechanical and histological groups that match perfectly. The first group has biomechanical and histological properties similar to those of tendons, and the second group similar to those of tendons, and the second group similar to those of ligaments. Ignoring the biomechanical and histological properties of tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses can be the cause of failure of a number of ligament and tendon plasties. The surgeon has an important role in choosing the transplants according to the histological properties (thickness, length of structures, bundle orientation) and biomechanical properties (solidity and extensibility).

In its modal disposition, the arterial vascularisation of the colon is on the dependence of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries anastomosed by the way of "arcade de Riolan". Some more exceptional schemes can complicate this distribution: arteria colica media, medium mesenteric artery, intermesenteric arcus. This rare arterial dispositions can have a big practical importance, in the case of colic transposition, and more recently in the case of the utilization of the right gastroepiploic artery for coronary by-pass.

Histopathological grading according to Scarff Bloom Richardson can provide powerful prognostic information. However one criticism of this system is that 60% of patients cluster in grade 2 with no clear separation of good versus bad prognosis. In an effort to solve this problem we propose to add cytological grading performed on fine needle aspirates or imprints. Indeed histological grade 2 (H2) group can be subdivided into 2 groups according to cytological grading: cytological grade 2 (C2) and grade 3 (C3). Analysis of cytometrical and proliferative features shows that H2 C3 tumors are closer from H3 C3 than from H2 C2 tumors. So, using morphological evaluation, we propose to classify breast carcinoma into 2 groups: 1 group associating histological grade 1 tumors and histological grade 2, cytological grade 2 tumors; group 2, associating histological grade 3 tumors and histological grade 2, cytological grade 3 tumors.

The association of a morphological study using semi-thin sections with a histochemical approach of the programmed cell death phenomenon in mouse embryo branchial arches permits to observe a spatio-temporal dorsoventral gradient. It also confirms that physiological cell death occurs in a mesectodermal population. The study of the increase of this process induced by retinoic acid administration provides some hypothesis which may explain the teratogenicity of the retinoid family.

The most of the arterial vascularisation of the adult sternum is on the dependence of the internal thoracic arteries. The best results of the aorto-coronary by-pass starting from this arteries are however subjected to more infectious complications. The study of this arterial supply, in "surgical" conditions, after sternotomy and ablation of one or two internal thoracic arteries show this devascularization. The residual arterial supply is only constituted by thin branches coming from intercostal arteries.

The study on motion of human thoracic and lumbar spine is difficult. To examine this point, technology will be divided in six class and each of them being benefits and disadvantages. Owing to ethics, authors agree with skin tapes allowing to know imperfectly freeness of motion without risks.

The value of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the study of crystals in articular diseases is underlined in several cases of examination of joint fluid, or crystal deposits in articular or periarticular tissues obtained by percutaneous or surgical treatment with chemical and crystallographic correlations. Apatite crystals. Two deposits of hydroxyapatite of the rotator cuff were studied by SEM, crystallographic techniques and chemical analysis. SEM study showed spherical aggregates of various size. Urate crystals. Three tophi were observed by SEM, with crystallographic techniques and chemical analysis. Their needle-shape and their great size (20 m) were characteristic. Calcium pyrophosphate crystals. In a case of typical clinical and radiological features, examination of joint fluid, with chemical correlation showed shorter and thicker crystals than those or urate. The precise identification of crystals is based on sophisticated crystallographic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, although SEM allows an accurate and quite simple morphologic study, most often sufficient.