Ceskoslovenska epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie最新文献

Using commercially available probes Gen-Probe (Accu-Probe, Epignost, Austria) labelled with acridinium ester, the authors identified 102 cultures of mycobacteria which are the causal agents of classical tuberculosis or cause mycobacterioses which are difficult to control by therapeutic measures. The cultures were isolated from sputum or lymph nodes and cultivated on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. The authors proved a 100% sensitivity of the probe for isolates of M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii. In a group of 36 strains sent as suspect M. avium 33 strains reacted with the probe for the M. avium complex, 28 strains with the M. avium probe and 4 strains with the M. intracellulare. One isolate hybridized only with the probe for the M. avium complex. In one isolate a positive hybridization value was recorded with the M. gordonae probe and in one pigmented strain with the M. kansasii probe. One isolate did not hybridize with any of the probes used. In one instance a mixed culture of M. tuberculosis and M. avium was involved. The results of hybridization were interpreted in RLU values (relative light unit). Isolates above 30,000 RLU were evaluated positively, as recommended by the manufacturer.

The author gives an account of a report of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology making the present terminology of mycoses more precise and unified. Changes recommended by the Committee are designed to eliminate the instability of currently used terms influenced by new names of mycological taxonomy as well as by clinical aspects and the pathology of mycoses. The essential feature of the changes is a recommendation for fungal disease names not based on the word derived from the taxon of the causative fungal genus but providing, in a narrow or broader way, information on the clinical and pathological entity caused by the fungus. The individual recommendations are supplemented by explanatory examples and a list of accepted and rejected fungal disease names is tabulated.

A total of 176 reference strains including 63 species of Enterobacteriaceae mainly of clinical origin were tested by commercial diagnostic kits ENTEROtest 1 & 2. The identification efficacy in both systems TNW and IDENTI was nearly in agreement 144 (81.8%), 142 (80.7%) respectively correctly identified strains. The NIS 86 system identified only 54 (30.7%) strains correctly.

The author reviews hitherto assembled knowledge on a bacterial disease, Lyme borreliosis transmitted by ticks. Initial information on Lyme borreliosis appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. In Czechoslovakia attention to the disease was paid since cca 1960. The infection occurs as a rule in the summer months during the period when ticks are parasitic and at that time the causal agent of the disease is transmitted to hosts. Information on the prevalence and incidence of Lyme borreliosis in Europe is not complete and so far we do not possess a standardized diagnostic method for assessment of circulating antibodies in the patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The infectious disease is caused by the gram-negative spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The Borrelia cell has a similar morphological structure as cells of other gram-negative bacteria. Chemical analysis of the external membrane of B. burgdorferi revealed the presence of 46% proteins, 51% lipids and 3% carbohydrates. The typical shape of borrelias indicates marked ondulation of 8-14 periplasmatic flagellae along the cell body. Borrelias can be cultivated in vitro in modified Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium at an optimal temperature of 30-37 degrees C. The change of morphology during cultivation is typical for B. burgdorferi. Clinically Lyme borreliosis is manifested in two stages. A typical manifestation of the early stage is a skin lesion--erythema migrans. The later stage is characterized above all by relapsing arthritis, CNS infection and chronic acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. The disease is treated by administration of a number of antibiotics either by the oral route or by injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

It was revealed that a diameter of the inhibition zone of 10 mm or more surrounding a disk with 0.04 U bacitracin differentiates reliably strains of the serological group A form strains of group C and G with the exception of 7.3% strains of group C and G with a high susceptibility for bacitracin. The disks with a higher bacitracin content gives less reliable results.

A case of the pulmonary form of coccidioidomycosis of a Czech patient infected in Arizona is described. The disease was diagnosed on the basis of serological tests. In addition to a review of the mycological, epidemiological and clinical picture of coccidioidomycosis criteria of laboratory mycological diagnostics are given. It is important to be aware of this mycosis in patients who have a history of recent visits to endemic areas in North, Central and South America.

We characterized the surface properties of E. coli strains isolated from urine of children with urinary tract infections. The PF test and haemagglutination reaction were used for detection of P-fimbriae. P-fimbriae were detected in 30-54% of the pyelonephritic strains. All these strains expressed P-fimbriae in vitro. Pap genes were determined by a DNA probe in 85% of the strains isolated from pyelonephritis. These strains showed diffuse and localized adherence to tissue culture cells without any association to the expression of P-fimbriae on agar medium.

The ELISA reaction with uniform serum dilution (1:400) for assessment of toxoplasmatic antibodies class IgG agreed in 100% when compared with commercial kits (VIRELISA and GULL Lab.). Both these tests disagreed with the standard complement fixation reaction in 7.5% of the specimens. This qualitative disagreement was confirmed also in a group of 400 sera where 7.14% of CFR negative specimens reacted positively in the described ELISA reaction. Quantitative correlation of results of CFR and ELISA IgG displays the usual scatter of values. Therefore individual CFR titres cannot be matched unequivocally with titres of optic density and thus it is not possible to assess empirically the stage of infection. To assess the stage of infection it is therefore necessary to make a supplementary assessment of IgM antibodies. In cases detected in time the decision can be based on a rise of IgG values in paired serum specimens examined in one reaction. Dynamics of formation of IgG antibodies and their chronological sequence with IgM antibodies displayed a typical course in patients with clinical toxoplasmosis. The described reaction is the basis of commercially manufactured kits ELISA IgG Toxo Micro II.

In Escherichia coli strains isolated from faeces and smears from the rectum in haemolytic-uraemic syndrome of a child and healthy relatives the authors assessed the biochemical activity, antigenic characteristic, sensitivity to twelve antimicrobial substances and factors of virulence. Sorbitol negative strains were isolated from the ill child and his father. The strains belonged into serogroup 016. The remaining strains were sorbitol positive. They belonged into serogroups 02, 012 and 019. Nineteen sorbitol negative strains of E. coli from the sick child caused mannose sensitive agglutination of chicken and guinea pig erythrocytes, they produced colicin V and aerobactin. Except for one strain they were serum resistant. Fourteen strains induced the oedema on the foot of mice and eleven produced a lethal effect in mice. Except for three ampicillin resistant strains the remaining were sensitive to the examined antibacterial substances. Two sorbitol negative strains of E. coli isolated from the asymptomatic father produced aerobactin and one strain was serum resistant.

In the first part of this paper the authors used for demographic data and morbidity data concerning measles, parotitis, rubella and chickenpox in the Sokolov district a model of exponential distribution, in particular its distribution function. The authors introduced the concept of mean population year. They tested the theoretical assumption that in different infections in long-term average the annual number of infected subjects is equal and equals the mean population year. They found that the delta parameter which determines the shape of the exponential regression curve and is the measure of the rate of spread of a given infection, expressed at the same time numerically by the number of mean population years the mean number of susceptibles which remain permanently in a given population.