Ceskoslovenska radiologie最新文献

The authors describe their initial experience with the use of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in diffuse lung diseases. They analyze in detail the examination technique, different parameters of the visualization modus, aiming of the scan and the standard procedure in HRCT examinations. They demonstrate also the picture of normal anatomical structures on HRCT pictures and morphological types of changes reflecting pathological processes in the pulmonary parenchyma. In a group of 21 patients the most frequent disease was idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or suspected fibrosis, suspected carcinomatous lymphopathy, pulmonary emphysema incl. the vanishing lung syndrome, exogenous allergic alveolitis and alveolar microlithiasis, diffuse pulmonary affections in collagenoses and Crohn's disease. When the clinical findings are considered concurrently, the HRCT picture is fairly pathognomic and contributes to the establishment of the final diagnosis. In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis CT and HRCT give a more accurate idea of the extent, grade and frequently also stage of the disease, and as compared with a simple X-ray of the chest, it is a more accurate and more sensitive method. It may be assumed that gradually it will become a standard examination method in diffuse pulmonary diseases.

The authors demonstrate four observations of aneurysms of the deep veins of the lower extremities and their differential diagnostic problems. They draw attention to basic technical conditions of their phlebographic visualization and discuss the main mechanisms of their pathogenesis.

Since 1986 in the radiodiagnostic department of the District Institute of National Health in Lucenec 17 768 abdominal sonographies were made. In the total number of examinations by means of ultrasonography 22 aneurysms of the abdominal aorta were diagnosed, incl. one ruptured one. The high mortality rate on operation of ruptured aneurysms can be reduced in particular by elective resections of non-ruptured aneurysms. Examination of the abdominal aorta should be made as a matter of routine, independently on indication of abdominal sonographic examination, in particular in elderly patients.

The authors describe a double contrast X-ray picture of varicosities of the large intestine. In the literature so far irrigoscopic changes specific for varicosities were not described. The authors observed that the defect of the filling increased after Valsalva's manoeuvre. The authors consider this symptom specific for varicosities.

The authors used as palliative analgetic treatment half-body irradiation in 13 patients with dissemination of a malignant tumour into bones. In six patients both halves of the body were irradiated. A long-term analgetic effect was observed in five patients (in one female patient more than 400 days, four patients 100-150 days), a short-term effect up to 100 days was recorded in six patients. The pain was not influenced in two patients. Mitigation of pain increased the patients' performance: according to the WHO scale in one case by 3 grades, in three patients by 2 grades, in six patients by 1 grade. The performance of three patients was not affected by irradiation. Side-effects of treatment were controlled by means of supporting treatment. They did not threaten life in any of the patients. The authors consider half-body irradiation an effective and useful analgetic treatment of multiple metastases into the bones.