Ceskoslovenska radiologie最新文献

From a total number of 350 DSA examinations in the cervicocranial region intracranial vascular malformations were detected in 14 patients, i.e. in 4%. In six instances an aneurysm was involved, six times arteriovenous and twice a venous malformation. Using digital subtraction angiography, it is usually possible to diagnose by the intravenous or intraaortal route major findings, however, in the majority the finding serves only for orientation. For a more detailed diagnosis, in particular of small findings and findings before operation, a selective examination is more suitable.

The authors describe the examination, diagnostic possibilities and difficulties associated with the diagnosis of the spleen by means of computed tomography. The finding obtained by computed tomography is evaluated as splenomegaly when two of the three main dimension are greater than the maximal values reported, or when the lienal index is higher than 440. From the practical aspect the decision on splenomegaly is facilitated by the position of the anterior margin of the spleen in relation to the medioaxillary line. Splenomegaly is the most frequent pathological finding on the spleen. The authors give an account of causes of splenomegaly and their own experience with the diagnosis of anomalies, cystic processes, tumours, injuries and obstructions of the lienal vessels.

The authors assessed by means of questionnaires the activities of radiopharmaceuticals administered in departments of nuclear medicine in Czechoslovakia. The mean activities of individual radiopharmaceuticals are roughly equal as in Great Britain, but lower than in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The differences of activities used in different departments are approximately equal in all compared countries. In the Czech Republic the annual collective effective dose equivalent from nuclear medicine was 433 Sv in 1983 and 609 Sv in 1987. The mean effective dose equivalent per examination was 2.23 mSv in 1983 and 2.44 mSv in 1987. The mean effective dose equivalent per inhabitant of the Czech Republic was 0.042 mSv in 1983 and 0.059 mSv in 1987. The radiation dose of the Czech population from nuclear medicine amounts approximately to one tenth of the load from radiodiagnostics.

Ossification of the ligamentum longitudinale posterius is a rare disease found in particular in Japan and southeastern Asia. In the literature it is described as the so-called Japanese disease or OPLL syndrome. The disease takes a slow, frequently asymptomatic, course but may cause severe stenosis of the spinal canal with neurological disorders, OPLL occurs frequently concurrently with ankylosing spondylitis, hypertrophic spondylosis, diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis of the skeleton. Own observation: a 68-year-old man with a long history of cervicalgia, subsequently paraesthesias of the upper extremities, without a spastic atactic symptomatology of the lower extremities. An X-ray extremities, of the skeleton was made, tomograms and CT of the cervical spine. In the Cl-6 area major ossifications of the posterior longitudinal ligament were found which caused stenosis of the spinal canal of an extent of up to two thirds.

The authors describe their observation of the amiodarone toxic lung not having been published in this country before. Data in its occurrence in literature with an outline of differential diagnostic possibilities in a successful establishment of diagnosis in this female patient are presented.

The authors compared thermographic findings of hands in two groups of apprentices (average age 15 and 16 years) with a group of students (average age 21 years) and a group of young workers (average age 29 years). There was a highly significant difference in the number of cold hands before and after vibration test in the apprentices and adults (29 years). The authors arrive at the conclusion that 1) thermoregulation reaches its final shape only after 20 years of age, 2) in the apprensitive thermographic finding must be verified by regular thermographic control examinations.

The authors evaluated 47 transabdominal lumbar sympatectomies by ethyl alcohol with a control by computer tomography in surgically unsolved disorders in the passage through lower extremity arteries. In four fifths of the patients there was an increase in ischaemia manifestations, in one fifth there was no improvement. No substantial difference was found between the results of sympatectomy in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The method should be applied sooner than a cutaneous ischaemic defect develops.

Enteroclysis is rightly included to modern diagnostic methods for detecting damage to alimentary canal. It enables to visualize even small morphological changes on the mucous membrane of intestine, to prove fistulas if present and to evaluate functional changes if correctly applied. It significantly contributes to establishing early diagnosis in affections of the intestine and consequent use of adequate therapy. The authors in their communication summarized their experience, obtained in the examination of one hundred patients. They selected a modified procedure of examination according to Herlinger with the use of Prontobarium suspension and methyl cellulose. The application was made with a controlled duodenal probe from the Nicholas Company, introduced by nose. The average duration of one examination was 44 minutes.

The paper presents long-term experience in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism by means of computer tomography. A large number of examinations (164) of parathyroid glands, the possibility of verification and comparison with sonography or with other diagnostic methods of visualization make it possible to define the role of computer tomography in hyperparathyroidism and to show advantages and limitations of the method. For the high diagnostic precision the CT examination may be considered to be the reliable method in the demonstration of enlarged parathyroid glands.

In a group of 25 patients examined by sonography, computer tomography and angiography with diagnoses confirmed during operation and by histology, the author compared the efficiency of the individual methods and a complex examination. Computer tomography proved to be the most efficient method which enabled, in addition to precise localization, appreciation of size and relation of the pathological focus to adjacent structures, to determine their nature in some. The complex examination in indicated cases significantly increased the diagnostic efficiency.