Ceskoslovenska radiologie最新文献

In 42 patients affected by disruption of the whole layer of the shoulder rotator collar the authors compared radiographic changes on a simple radiograph in anterior-posterior projection with operation findings. The proliferative changes on the large trochanter of humerus and the humeroacromial distance were decisive for prognosis of the operation therapy for the disrupted collar. The patients with a shorter humeroacromial distance were affected, after the operation, by a worse external rotation of the arm, worse extension and muscular strength of the arm in the extension position. Radiographic changes observed on the shoulder together with other factors are decisive for the strategy of conservative and operation therapy.

The paper deals with the application of duplex real-time ultrasonography in the area of portal vein system. The attention is centered to the method of quantification of the flow. The author first analyzes the methodology and refers to some main technical factors influencing validity of the results obtained. The author then draws attention to basic ultrasonographic symptoms of portal hypertension. Having analyzed literature data he refers to limited importance of measuring the portal vein flow for the diagnosis of portal hypertension, draws attention to the contribution of respiratory changes in the area of portal vascular bed and the changes in blood flow velocity for this diagnosis. Finally, attention is paid to the possibility of suitable combination of these two signs by creating s. c. "congestive index" (18).

The paper summarizes the experience with the dilatation of malignant oesophageal stenosis by a balloon catheter. In a patient after gastrectomy with a relapse of the tumorous process the author performed 10 dilatation interventions by a balloon 22 mm wide. After a short interval of renewed normal passage, marked swallowing difficulties always rapidly returned. The patient died 24 hours after a subsequent surgical revision and an attempt to remove the tumour.

Technical equipment of radiotherapeutic wards is presently supplemented with irradiators on the principle of a linear accelerator. The paper briefly describes the principle of linear accelerator with standing wave and its basic technical parameters. Data on electric, mechanic and densitometric properties of this apparatus and accessories are presented. Therapeutic beams of bremsstrahlung and electron radiation were characterized in the whole range of energy, i.e. 0.961 and 3.204 pJ (6 and 20 MV) for bremsstrahlung and 0.961 to 3.364 pJ (6 to 21 MeV) for electron radiation. In the last part the performed hygienic measurements are also described.

Computer tomography provides valuable information for differentiating some cases of extremity edemas of acute and chronic venostatic origin and lymphedema--primary and secondary, in malignant processes. The paper presents graphic representation of individual kinds of changes and observed densities in 33 patients.

Ultrasonographic examination of scrotum has become a stable part of urological practice. A palpation finding of scrotum or a condition when it cannot be examined by palpation represent the most frequent indications, followed by search for primary tumour, etc. The technique of water sac is useful and rapid. The examination may differentiate intratesticular processes, mostly of tumorous origin, e.g. seminoma, embryonal carcinoma and teratocarcinoma from extratesticular processes, e.g. a large hydrocoele, hematocoele, spermatocoele, epididymal cyst, orchitis, etc. Even though the ultrasonographic picture of the testis tumours are not specific, there is a possibility to hypothesize their histological structure in some cases. Ultrasonographic examination represents an unquestionable diagnostic progress.

On the basis of the author's 31 observations the paper deals with the contribution of ultrasonography for the detection of intraabdominal bleeding. Advantages of the method such as its rapidity, non-invasiveness, reliability, general availability and particularly the possibility of application even in severe conditions secure that ultrasonography keeps a dominating position among all visualization methods in the determination of intraabdominal bleeding.

The dilatation of oesophageal stenoses with balloon catheters was made in 38 patients with 44 stenoses of different origin. The most frequent stenosis was localized in oesophagogastric or oesophagocolic anastomosis after oesophagectomy, postcorrosive stenoses an those after reflux oesophagitis. The stenoses were mostly of filiform type, the diameter being 1-3 mm (79%) less frequently 4-7 mm (21%). It became possible to dilate 37 stenoses up to 10 to 20 mm, four stenoses to 22 mm. In only three cases the stenosis was dilated to less than 10 mm. In six patients it proved necessary to repeat the dilatation within one to six-month intervals. The dilatation failed to give positive in one case.

Based on 1,301 examinations the author refers to the contribution of aimed ultrasonography in the diagnosis of abscesses and cysts of the breast. The aimed ultrasonography is a simple, fast and exceptionally sensitive and reliable method of examination in their detection and differentiation from solid homomorphcus processes depicted on mammograms. Its importance grows in the examination of fibroglandular tissue which cannot be differentiated on the mammogram. It reduces or completely suppresses invasive methods of examination, enables aimed diagnostic and therapeutic puncture and enables a long-term observation of abscesses and cysts of the breast without any risk.

The paper presents the results of lymphographic and histological examination of lymphographic nodes having been extirpated during operation on patients with gynaecological tumours. Both kinds of examination are compared.