Ceskoslovenske zdravotnictvi最新文献

The funds available for the health services at present are not sufficient. When assessing their desirable volume, we must consider a number of factors which influence the needs of financial means. This comprises direct and indirect action, in different spheres and direction and of different intensity. Different factors are not quantifiable to the same extent; some can be expressed only verbally. The resultant of their action which may have the same trend (then the effects add) or have an opposite trend (then the effects cancel out), is then the concrete pressure which in a concrete situation affects the concrete need of financial means. A team of specialists will have to study the identification of factors and assess the assumed forces of their action.

General morbidity surveys of the population in western countries are based on interviews, while in socialist countries general morbidity surveys are usually done by direct medical examination or by assessment of the attended morbidity, most frequently, however, a combination of both approaches is used. Neither in interviews nor in the method based on direct or indirect medical examination so far sufficient unification of methodological approaches has been achieved to compare, based on these results, the health status of the population in different countries.

One of the still open questions of teratology is the relationship between experimental teratological investigations and their validity in human medicine. The aetiology of the development of inborn developmental defects comprises factors the ratio of which is the subject of discussions. The category of still unknown factors is the largest one. This means that in 70% of inborn developmental defects there is nothing to go by. The influence of the deteriorated living or working environment need not be manifested by a higher incidence of seriously damaged foetuses. Comprehensive preconception care is a way which may lead to improvement in the sphere of prevention, although its application is not unequivocal. An essential prerequisite of effective prevention of inborn developmental errors is recognition of the causes of and laws governing their development.

In 1988 the incidence of newly detected cases of TB in the Slovak Republic was 31.6/100,000 population. As compared with 1987, a decline of the disease by 9.8% was recorded. Its incidence in the SR shifts to higher age groups. The prevalence of active tuberculosis reached in 1988 34.4 and the mortality 0.4/100,000 population. Despite these relatively favourable indicators, TB remains in the SR a public health issue which will require also in future systematic attention and care.

The authors pay attention to one of the indicators of the health status of the economically active population--to the consumption of drugs. The analysis was based on outpatient records on health and disease in a selected group of 2,080 patients (25.9% of the basic group) in relation to sex, age and work capacity. The drug consumption of persons unable to work was cca 40% of the total drug consumption, whereby a higher consumption was recorded in women. With advancing age the drug consumption in diseases not associated with work incapacity rises markedly. Age practically does not influence the drug consumption on account of diseases causing work incapacity.

The contributions to the discussion on the profile of medical specialists in social medicine and the organization of the health services were discussed by the Advisory Board of the main specialist of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs CSR for the discipline of social medicine and organization of the health services on April 17, 1989. They are also in the already published first version published n Ceskoslovenské zdravotnctví 37, 1989, No. 4, p. 145-150.