Ceskoslovenske zdravotnictvi最新文献

The author gives an account of the present state and near future as regards the use of computer technique in the health services, in particular the establishment of information systems. The author mentions the results achieved so far, comments on the preparation of a new orientation of Czechoslovak research in this sphere in 1990-1993. Finally he describes experience with the implementation of results of research into practice of Czechoslovak health facilities.

The author investigated the prescription of the most frequently recommended drugs at the medical first aid station in Ostrava 1 during the period 1985-1988, when a total of 53,212 children were treated. Most frequently antibiotics were prescribed--on average 33.8% with a maximum of prescription in the winter months. The second place was held by antipyretics, most frequently Acylpyrin, during the summer months--20.4%.

A retrospective investigation of the morbidity from peptic ulceration of the stomach and duodenum associated with work incapacity in 1985-1987 in workers of a large engineering factory provided evidence that personal data on this morbidity processed on a computer are along with the medical documentation of individuals a useful source of information for the selection and enlistment of patients into dispensary care and for its evaluation. The investigation revealed at the same time some methodological aspects of dispensarization.

The author gives an account of 38 targets adopted by 33 member countries of the European Region of WHO to implement the global world strategy "Health for All by 2000". Some required approaches for monitoring of the implementation of these targets are mentioned, as well as research trends outlined by WHO to promote these targets. The present position is evaluated, as well as prerequisites for the further implementation of WHO targets and relations with targets of the health policy in Czechoslovakia. In 1990 the European Regional Office of WHO will evaluate the regional targets in cooperation with member countries to simplify the monitoring.

Medical practice calls for a highly ethical approach and responsibility codified also by law. Doctors should be trained in this respect also during undergraduate studies. At the Medical Faculty, Comenius University Bratislava there is relatively enough space for training in ethics and law which begins already in the introduction to medical studies and proceeds in the 5th, 9th and 10th semester in several medical and sociological disciplines. Knowledge evaluated by an investigation among sixth year students was only general, not adequate as regards medical law and even less adequate as regards medical ethics. Evaluation of the assembled knowledge by the students themselves slightly overestimates the legal responsibility and legal regulations and rated adequately their training in the sphere of ethics.

Within the framework of professional and social practice of medical students in the district institute of national health in Nové Zámky a questionnaire survey was made concerned with the attitudes and views of students as regards training at the medical faculties and as regards summer practice. The authors consider the information obtained from 37 students of different medical faculties in the SSR and CSR, ensuing from their first empirical experience in the field, a valuable feedback as regards the standard of training and shaping of the profile of the qualified doctor for practice. On the whole the students are satisfied with the conditions of practical work in Nové Zámky but have also some concrete concructive comments and suggestions for optimation and intensification of undergraduate training and therapeutic and preventive care. The participation of medical students in the above activities is a significant factor shaping their professional identity.

In order to deal with and resolve contemporary problems of the health services and health care it is important to outline their concept, contents and definition as well as those of their fundamental constituents--the material, technical basis, workers and their activities, which determine the state health policy. The author analyzes from this aspect the hitherto accomplished development with regard to all basic constituents and discusses the problem of the relationship of the intensity and extensity of activities of the health services and health care. A foremost part is played by medical is played by medical science--medicine, its state, knowledge assembled by students during their undergraduate studies and medical graduates during their postgraduate training. A substantial and decisive component of the health services as regards therapeutic and preventive care is formed by health workers and the quality of their work which depends on objective as well as subjective factors which are analyzed. Health services do not comprise only practical activities but social medicine and the organization of health services are very important scientific disciplines which participate in the quality of activities. This scientific discipline was founded by prominent personalities. It must be stated that in practical medical work leading authorities do not always respect the scientific character of the discipline and thus very complicated problems arise as regards scientific control. All these problems from the aspect of the department of social medicine and organization of health services as well as subjective and scientific control must be resolved from the aspect of reconstruction of society.

The paper deals with the participation of physical training and sports in active health protection. Citizens in this country have so far a very passive attitude to health protection and health promotion. Therefore the Central Committee of the National Front asked all social organizations to take a more active part in the health education of citizens. The task of the Czechoslovak Physical Training Association is not only to enforce a healthy lifestyle and to propagate physical training and sports as the most effective and most natural factor of diseases of civilization, but also to create opportunities for recreational sports activities of wide strata of the population.