Chirurgisches Forum fur experimentelle und klinische Forschung最新文献

Gastric mucosal blood flow in dogs was estimated by radioactive labelled microspheres after SPV. The measurements were taken before and after gastric acid stimulation. The results show that under physiologic conditions a stimulation of gastric acid secretion is associated with an increased mucosal blood flow. After SPV, mucosal blood flow is increased, although it is known that gastric acid secretion is decreased. After histamine our results indicate a reversal of the effects of SPV into physiologic ranges. This observation is contrary to the generally accepted view that stimulation of acid secretion always is associated with an increase in gastric mucosal blood flow.

Unlabelled: In unanesthetized dogs, the mechanical activity of the antrum and pylorus was studied by means of strain gauge force transducers during fasting condition, after feeding, and following application of metoclopramide (Paspertin), before and after SPV without pyloroplasty, and after SPV with pyloroplasty respectively.

Results: 1) The mechanical activity during fasting condition differs from that after feeding. 2) During fasting, the contractile force is decreased for about 15%-20% after SPV without pyloroplasty and for about 50% after SPV with pyloroplasty. The frequency remains unchanged. 3) After feeding, the contractile force is decreased by about 50%, the frequency shows an increase of 100%. The same results can be obtained after SPV with or without pyloroplasty. 4) After metoclopramide the contractile force is increased up to 30%, during fasting, after feeding, and also before and after SPV. The frequency, however, shows no significant change. 5) The postoperative findings remained unchanged throughout the entire observation period (up to the 20th postoperative month).

A lysosomal factor isolated from liver tissue (LF) reveals a strong suppressive effect on the in vitro immune response. LF is not species specific and is able to act specifically on the responder function of mitogen or alloantigen-mediated lymphocyte proliferation. The peculiar immunological feature of the liver that it induces a pronounced immunological hyporeactivity can be explained by a similar effect of LF on the cellular immune response in vivo which leads to a reduced rejection of the allotransplanted organ.

By immunohistochemistry the three neuropeptides enkephalin, substance P, and VIP were all localized to numerous nerve fibers in the smooth muscle layer and the myenteric plexus of the feline pylorus. The motor activity of the pylorus was studied by recording changes in the volume flow of body-warm saline through the sphincter at constant perfusion pressure in anesthetized cats. Efferent electric stimulation of the cervical vagi (8 V; 5 ms; 8 Hz) elicited a noncholinergic, nonadrenergic pyloric contraction, which was blocked by infusion of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone. The peptides were injected into a regional gastric artery to the pylorus antrum. Enkephalin and substance P in micronanomolar doses resulted in a prompt contraction of 3 - 5 min duration. Equimolar doses of naloxone blocked the enkephalin-induced contraction, and atropine blocked the SP contraction. On the other hand, VIP caused a prompt dilatation, which could not be blocked in this study. Altogether the findings suggest a peptidergic motor control of the feline pylorus using several transmission mechanisms.

In polytraumatized patients, pulmonary contusion complicated by pneumonia is associated with a high risk of fatality. The effects of both contusion and bacterial infection on pulmonary function can be estimated early by measuring the parameters PAPd-PCWP, pulmonary shunt volume and maximal PaO2 following FiO2 = 1.0 for 20 min.

Static compressions were carried out on vertebra bodies taken from spines of children. The compression diagrams showing typical graphs dependent on age (fig. 1) were evaluated (table 1). In children no higher breaking load or elasticity could be found in comparison with vertebrae of adults. Although broken, the vertebra body has still a high stability.

The reaction of bone tissue to the filling of the medullary cavity with acrylic bone cement was studied in the rat by histological and microangiographic methods. Three months after plugging, the fibrous borderline tissue between cement and bone had changed into newly formed bone with a secondary medullary cavity, depending on the content of monomer next to the tissue. The blood support of the bone came from periosteal vessels. After 6 months a definitive secondary medullary cavity had been established, the cement was enveloped by newly formed primary bone, and the inner and middle portions of the cortical bone had been invaded by vessels originating from the secondary medullary cavity.

Circulating immune complexes were isolated by precipitation with low concentration EDTA and PEG and their components analysed by specific immunoprecipitation in a laser nephelometric system; a good correlation between this method and other classical immune complex assays could be achieved. This method is simple, reproducible and practicable in the clinical routine. Quantitative analysis showed markedly increased levels of IgM and IgA specific immune complexes in cancer patients, especially those in an advanced stage, in comparison with non-malignant control patients. The percentage of autorosette-forming cells was markedly reduced in cancer patients, especially in a progressive disease, in comparison with non-malignant control patients.

This paper describes the use of a new one-hole plate for the refixation of ligaments. The anchorage of ligaments was of sufficient strength as judged by biomechanical experiments on medial collateral ligaments of sheep in vivo and knees of human cadavers. Microangiographic and histologic investigations showed good vascularization and normal structure of the ligament under the one-hole plate.

Flow cytometry affords an insight into the cell cycle of gastrointestinal tumors. In comparison with the normal GI mucosa, dedifferentiated carcinomas show a large SG2M peak expressing an intense proliferation. The histological examination considers normally only a small part of the tumor, whereas the flow cytometric histogram is based upon a larger amount of cells. Therefore some tumors are regarded as well differentiated by the pathologist, although they have a large SG2M peak. Considering the functioning of cytostatic drugs, all GI tumors should be treated which have a large SG2M peak in flow cytometry.