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The mediating roles of optimism, loneliness, and psychological distress in the association between a sense of community and meaning in life among older adults 乐观、孤独和心理困扰在老年人社区感和生活意义之间的联系中的中介作用。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12717
Maya Kagan, Ester Zychlinski, Lee Greenblatt-Kimron

A sense of community is known to be a protective factor for the well-being of older adults and meaning in life associated with positive mental outcomes. Nevertheless, there is a need to expand the knowledge of the role of a sense of community in meaning in life, particularly among older adults. Intending to broaden the empirical understanding from this perspective, the current study examined the mediating roles of optimism, loneliness, and psychological distress in the association between a sense of community and meaning in life. Participants included 740 community dwelling Israeli older adults (M = 71.96; SD = 5.81). Participants completed questionnaires on a sense of community, optimism, loneliness, psychological distress, meaning in life, and sociodemographic characteristics. A positive association was found between a sense of community with optimism, and a negative association with loneliness. A negative association between optimism with psychological distress and a positive link between loneliness with psychological distress was found, while a higher level of psychological distress was associated with a lower level of meaning in life. Practitioners should focus interventions with older adults on developing a sense of community, with the aim to promote optimism and, at the same time, reduce loneliness and thus decrease psychological distress while strengthening meaning in life.

众所周知,社区意识是老年人福祉的保护因素,也是与积极心理结果相关的生活意义的保护因素。然而,有必要扩大对社区意识在生活意义中的作用的认识,特别是在老年人中。为了从这个角度拓宽实证理解,本研究考察了乐观、孤独和心理困扰在社区感和生活意义之间的联系中的中介作用。参与者包括740名居住在社区的以色列老年人(M = 71.96;SD = 5.81)。参与者完成了关于社区感、乐观主义、孤独感、心理困扰、生活意义和社会人口学特征的问卷调查。社区感与乐观情绪呈正相关,而负相关与孤独情绪呈正相关。乐观情绪与心理困扰之间存在负相关,孤独感与心理困扰呈正相关,而心理困扰程度越高,生活意义越低。从业者应将对老年人的干预重点放在培养社区意识上,目的是促进乐观情绪,同时减少孤独感,从而减少心理困扰,同时增强生活意义。
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引用次数: 0
Social networks and violence victimization and perpetration among youth: A longitudinal analysis 社会网络与青年中的暴力侵害和实施:纵向分析。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12716
Natira Mullet, Emily A. Waterman, Katie M. Edwards, Victoria Banyard, Thomas W. Valente

Interpersonal violence (IV) is a serious concern for adolescents in the United States that has devastating impacts for individuals and communities. Given the increased importance placed on friendships during adolescence, the purpose of the current study was to examine the extent to which IV experiences cluster within youths' friendship networks. Participants were students (N = 1303) in grades 7th to 10th who completed surveys at the beginning and end of an academic year. Results showed that friends' average perpetration (i.e., the percentage of the friends they nominated who perpetrated IV) was strongly associated with likelihood of individual perpetration at baseline but not at the follow-up. For victimization, friends' average report of victimization (i.e., the percentage of the friends they nominated who were victimized) was associated with higher likelihood reporting of victimization (at both baseline and follow-up). Although future research is needed to understand explanatory mechanisms underlying these findings, it is possible that the effectiveness of prevention initiatives may be enhanced by incorporating peer group information.

人际暴力(IV)是美国青少年严重关注的问题,对个人和社区产生了毁灭性影响。鉴于青少年时期对友谊的重视程度越来越高,本研究的目的是检验IV体验在青少年友谊网络中的聚集程度。参与者为学生(N = 1303),他们在学年开始和结束时完成了调查。结果表明,朋友的平均犯罪行为(即他们提名的实施IV的朋友的百分比)与基线时个人犯罪的可能性密切相关,但与随访时无关。关于受害情况,朋友的平均受害报告(即他们提名的受害朋友的百分比)与更高的受害报告可能性有关(在基线和随访时)。尽管未来的研究需要了解这些发现背后的解释机制,但通过纳入同行群体的信息,可能会提高预防举措的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
On working with poison: Reflections on painful empowerment in queer faculty-student participatory action research 关于与毒药合作:对酷儿师生参与行动研究中痛苦赋权的思考。
IF 3.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12705
Lauren F. Lichty, Jessica Belmont

Human sexuality textbooks, like most social and health sciences products, are notoriously limited in their inclusion of queer, trans, and intersex people. While well-intentioned faculty (like the first author) do their best to address these limitations, sometimes it isn't enough. Sometimes our texts, and we, cause harm. This paper describes two phases of a participatory action research (PAR) project involving queer, trans, and intersex students and a queer, nonbinary faculty member that intended to address harm tied to a course text, support student empowerment, and move toward action to improve unjust textbook representation. Through first-person reflective storytelling, we, the faculty member and one student member of the research team, share our approach to “working with poison,” including strategies for infusing trauma-informed practices into our PAR approach. We reflect on the pain of doing this work, and the ways our approach succeeded and failed. We end with recommendations for individuals, publishers, and institutions looking to minimize harm and promote justice in higher education curriculum.

众所周知,与大多数社会和健康科学产品一样,人类性教科书在包含酷儿、跨性别和双性人方面受到限制。尽管善意的教师(如第一作者)尽最大努力解决这些局限性,但有时这还不够。有时我们的短信和我们会造成伤害。本文描述了参与式行动研究(标准杆数)项目的两个阶段,该项目涉及酷儿、跨性别和双性学生以及酷儿、非二元教职员工,旨在解决与课程文本相关的伤害,支持学生赋权,并采取行动改善不公正的教科书表现。通过第一人称反思性讲故事,我们,研究团队的教员和一名学生成员,分享了我们“与毒药一起工作”的方法,包括将创伤实践融入标准杆数方法的策略。我们反思做这项工作的痛苦,以及我们的方法成功与失败的方式。最后,我们向个人、出版商和机构提出建议,希望在高等教育课程中最大限度地减少伤害并促进正义。
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引用次数: 0
Examining narratives around adverse childhood experiences and social determinants of health in media coverage of substance use in two mid-western cities 在两个中西部城市的媒体报道中,研究了关于不良童年经历和健康的社会决定因素的叙述。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12707
Sarah Treves-Kagan, Katrina Kennedy, Makala Carrington

Local media narratives play an important role in how people interpret and propose solutions for health issues in their community. This research characterized narratives about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and/or social determinants of health (SDOH) in media coverage of substance use. Scans covered articles published in the Detroit Free Press and the Cincinnati Enquirer from March 1, 2019 to June 1, 2019 and March 1, 2021 to June 1, 2021. Scans used search terms for opioids and substance use. Included articles were coded and analyzed for narratives about why people use substances, how to prevent substance use, and how ACEs or SDOH relate to substance use. While half of the included articles reported on the overdose epidemic, the most common type of media coverage reported on criminal justice milestones. Other common narratives identified addiction as an illness that should be treated; and over-prescription of painkillers or the strength of the drugs as causes of substance use disorders. Narratives about SDOH and the primary prevention of ACEs and substance use were limited. Transformational narrative change work can increase support for addressing the root causes of ACEs and substance use. Results suggest this strategy remains largely untapped in the formal media.

当地媒体的叙述在人们如何解释和提出社区健康问题的解决方案方面发挥着重要作用。这项研究描述了媒体对药物使用报道中关于不良儿童经历(ACE)和/或健康社会决定因素(SDOH)的叙述。扫描涵盖了2019年3月1日至2019年6月1日以及2021年3月一日至2021年6月一日在《底特律自由报》和《辛辛那提问询报》上发表的文章。扫描使用了阿片类药物和物质使用的搜索词。对收录的文章进行了编码和分析,以了解人们为什么使用物质、如何防止物质使用以及ACE或SDOH与物质使用的关系。虽然其中一半的文章报道了过量服药的流行,但最常见的媒体报道类型是刑事司法里程碑。其他常见的说法认为成瘾是一种应该治疗的疾病;以及过量服用止痛药或药物强度导致药物使用障碍。关于SDOH、ACE的主要预防和物质使用的叙述有限。转变叙事的改变工作可以增加对解决ACE和物质使用的根本原因的支持。结果表明,这一战略在很大程度上尚未在正式媒体中得到利用。
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引用次数: 0
Processes for culturally adapting behavioral health interventions for people with refugee backgrounds: A scoping review 难民背景下的行为健康干预的文化适应过程:范围界定综述。
IF 3.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12709
Jennifer S. McCleary, Tonya L. Horn

Academic literature supports cultural adaptation (CA) of evidence-informed interventions to increase accessibility and effectiveness of behavioral health treatment to meet the needs of a culturally diverse society. While several meta-analyses have shown positive outcomes of CA mental health interventions, there is a need for more information about how theoretical CA models have been applied in practice to meet the cultural and contextual needs of specific groups. This scoping review was conducted to understand how CA models have been applied to adapt evidence-informed behavioral health interventions for people with refugee backgrounds in resettlement. Eighteen manuscripts were identified and analyzed, resulting in five categories: Reasons for Engaging in CA, Processes of CA, Types of CAs, Resources Needed to Support CA, and Evaluating Adaptation Choices. Only four studies utilized any existing model to guide their adaptation efforts, three of which used CA models. Level of detail regarding CA processes and justification for choices varied considerably among articles. Significant gaps were identified, posing challenges for replication. Although articles reported that adapted interventions were effective, it is unclear which, if any, CA choices contributed to the successful outcomes. Findings indicate a need for emphasis on clear and thorough documentation of CA processes and more rigorous assessment of the impact of adaptation choices.

学术文献支持基于证据的干预措施的文化适应(CA),以提高行为健康治疗的可及性和有效性,满足文化多样性社会的需求。虽然几项荟萃分析显示了CA心理健康干预的积极结果,但需要更多关于理论CA模型如何在实践中应用以满足特定群体的文化和背景需求的信息。进行这项范围界定审查是为了了解CA模型是如何应用于重新安置中有难民背景的人的循证行为健康干预的。 对18份手稿进行了识别和分析,分为五类:参与CA的原因、CA的过程、CA的类型、支持CA所需的资源以及评估适应选择。只有四项研究使用了任何现有的模型来指导其适应工作,其中三项使用了CA模型。关于CA过程和选择理由的详细程度在不同的文章中差异很大。发现了重大差距,对复制工作提出了挑战。尽管文章报道了适应性干预是有效的,但尚不清楚哪种CA选择(如果有的话)有助于取得成功。研究结果表明,有必要强调对适应行动过程进行清晰彻底的记录,并对适应选择的影响进行更严格的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Disability rights and empowerment: Reflections on AJCP research and a call to action 残疾人权利和赋权:对AJCP研究的反思和行动呼吁。
IF 3.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12710
Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar, Fabricio Balcazar, Delphine Labbe, Katherine E. McDonald, Christopher Keys, Tina Taylor-Ritzler, Sarah M. Anderson, Joy Agner

People living with physical, sensory, intellectual, and/or developmental disabilities experience complex social, environmental, political, and cultural challenges along with stigma and marginalization in education, employment, and community life. These multiple and complex barriers often hinder their full and effective participation in society. In this reflection, we curated articles on physical, sensory, intellectual, and/or developmental disabilities published in the American Journal of Community Psychology from 1973 to 2022. We reviewed titles and abstracts to identify themes that grouped manuscripts in relevant community psychology core concepts and values. From our analysis, five themes emerged: (a) promoting empowerment and advocacy; (b) promoting organizations and settings that support people with disabilities; (c) including people with disabilities in knowledge production; (d) promoting social justice in disability research, and (e) promoting support networks of families of people with disabilities. We conclude this reflection with a discussion of recommendations for future research, practice, and a call to action.

患有身体、感官、智力和/或发育残疾的人在教育、就业和社区生活中经历了复杂的社会、环境、政治和文化挑战,以及耻辱和边缘化。这些多重而复杂的障碍往往阻碍他们充分有效地参与社会。在这次反思中,我们策划了1973年至2022年发表在《美国社区心理学杂志》上的关于身体、感官、智力和/或发育残疾的文章。我们审查了标题和摘要,以确定相关社区心理学核心概念和价值观中对手稿进行分组的主题。根据我们的分析,出现了五个主题:(a)促进赋权和宣传;(b) 促进支持残疾人的组织和环境;(c) 将残疾人纳入知识生产;(d) 促进残疾研究中的社会公正,以及(e)促进残疾人家庭的支持网络。在结束这一反思时,我们讨论了对未来研究、实践的建议,并呼吁采取行动。
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引用次数: 2
Structural barriers explain the link between negative community re-entry experiences and motives for illegal behavior in street-identified Black men and women 结构性障碍解释了消极的社区重返体验与街头黑人男女非法行为动机之间的联系。
IF 3.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12713
Nadia Bounoua, Naomi Sadeh, Yasser A. Payne, Brooklynn K. Hitchens

This study examines how the re-entry process is related to structural barriers in the community and to motives for engaging in illegal behavior—two key risk factors for recidivism. We analyzed survey data collected on perceptions of community re-entry, employment opportunities, neighborhood violence, and illegal behavior motives from 379 formerly incarcerated and street-identified Black-American community members residing in Wilmington, Delaware (Mage = 32.3/8.9 years old; 77.0% men; 100% Black) by employing Street Participatory Action Research (Street PAR) methodology. We found that negative perceptions of re-entry correlated positively with (i) hardship caused by structural barriers in the community, specifically blocked employment opportunities and neighborhood violence, and (ii) motives for engaging in illegal behavior. Notably, the link between negative perceptions of re-entry and motives for illegal behavior became significantly weaker when the influence of structural barriers on these individual-level factors was included in a multivariate model. Results suggest negative views of the re-entry process reflect the resource-scarce and stressful environments people are living in, and structural barriers can account for the relationship between negative re-entry experiences and why individuals are motivated to engage in illegal behavior. Findings underscore the importance of improving the economic conditions of communities with high numbers of returning citizens.

这项研究考察了重返社会的过程如何与社区的结构性障碍和从事非法行为的动机有关——这是累犯的两个关键风险因素。我们分析了379名居住在特拉华州威尔明顿的前被监禁和街头流浪的美国黑人社区成员对重返社区、就业机会、社区暴力和非法行为动机的看法的调查数据(Mage = 32.3/8.9岁;男性77.0%;100%黑人),采用街头参与行动研究(街头标准杆数)方法。我们发现,对重返社会的负面看法与(i)社区结构性障碍造成的困难,特别是就业机会受阻和社区暴力,以及(ii)从事非法行为的动机呈正相关。值得注意的是,当将结构性障碍对这些个人层面因素的影响纳入多元模型时,对重返社会的负面看法与非法行为动机之间的联系变得明显较弱。研究结果表明,对重返社会过程的负面看法反映了人们所生活的资源稀缺和压力大的环境,结构性障碍可以解释负面重返社会经历与个人为什么有动机从事非法行为之间的关系。调查结果强调了改善有大量返回公民的社区的经济条件的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Associations between land bank ownership and stewardship of vacant properties and crime, violence, and youth victimization in Flint, MI 密歇根州弗林特市土地银行所有权和空置房产管理与犯罪、暴力和青年受害之间的关联。
IF 3.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12706
Gregory Bushman, Michelle C. Kondo, Laney A. Rupp, Bernadette C. Hohl, Catherine H. Gong, Marc A. Zimmerman

Land banks across the United States are managing expanding vacant property inventories. By maintaining vacant properties and engaging residents in the process, land banks facilitate processes integral to building safe neighborhoods and may play a role in violence prevention. Using generalized additive mixed model regression, adjusted for spatial and temporal dependencies, we examined whether land bank ownership and stewardship of vacant properties in Flint, Michigan were associated with trends in serious, violent, and firearm-involved crime, between 2015 and 2018. We tested for differences in trends in crime density between properties owned by the Genesee County Land Bank Authority (GCLBA; n = 7151) and comparison properties not owned by the land bank (n = 6,245). In addition, we tested for differences in crime density trends between vacant properties that received different levels of land bank stewardship, including biannual mowing, GCLBA standard stewardship, and GCLBA-sponsored community-engaged stewardship. We found that GCLBA ownership was associated with net declines in densities of all types of crime and violence, over time, relative to properties not owned by the GCLBA. When we distinguished between levels of stewardship, we found that GCLBA stewardship, both with and without community engagement, was associated with net declines in serious and violent crime relative to comparison properties. Only community-engaged GCLBA stewardship was associated with declines in firearm-involved crime and firearm-involved crime with a youth victim over time, relative to comparison properties. Land bank stewardship of vacant properties may be protective against crime, violence, and youth victimization in legacy cities like Flint, MI that experience high rates of vacant properties and violent crime.

美国各地的土地银行正在管理不断扩大的空置房地产库存。通过维护空置房产并让居民参与这一过程,土地银行促进了建设安全社区不可或缺的过程,并可能在预防暴力方面发挥作用。使用经空间和时间相关性调整的广义加性混合模型回归,我们检验了2015年至2018年间密歇根州弗林特市土地银行所有权和空置房产管理是否与严重、暴力和枪支犯罪的趋势有关。我们测试了Genesee县土地银行管理局(GCLBA;n = 7151)和非土地银行所有的比较财产(n = 6245)。此外,我们测试了接受不同土地银行管理水平的空置房产之间犯罪密度趋势的差异,包括两年一次的割草、GCLBA标准管理和GCLBA赞助的社区参与管理。我们发现,与非GCLBA所有的财产相比,随着时间的推移,GCLBA的所有权与所有类型的犯罪和暴力密度的净下降有关。当我们区分管理水平时,我们发现GCLBA的管理,无论是否有社区参与,都与严重和暴力犯罪的净下降有关。与比较财产相比,只有社区参与的GCLBA管理与枪支犯罪和青少年受害者枪支犯罪的下降有关。在密歇根州弗林特等空置房地产和暴力犯罪率较高的传统城市,土地银行对空置房地产的管理可能可以防止犯罪、暴力和青年受害。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing Indigenous suicide: Recognizing vital land and food systems for livelihoods 减少土著人自杀:认识到重要的土地和粮食系统对生计的影响。
IF 3.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12712
Emma Elliott, Megan Bang

Colonial trauma poses a significant risk to the physical, intellectual, and mental health of Indigenous youth and young adults. Education and mental health scholars are increasingly concerned about the emotional wellbeing of young people, particularly as rates of suicide have increased across the United States. With interest in identifying the unique contextual dynamics involved in understanding Indigenous suicide, this work considers characteristics related to colonialism that may uncover strategies for both educators and mental health practitioners that address disparities. Drawing on a larger ethnographic study, this inquiry asks how settler encroachment upon Indigenous land and food systems is related to death by suicide from the perspective of Cowichan Tribes members. Comprehensive semi-structured interviews were conducted (n = 21); each interview was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed deductively based upon a priori suppositions related to settler colonial theory. Cowichan members' narrated explanations for suicide rooted in disruptions to (1) relationships with the land and (2) traditional food systems. They described how settler encroachment infringed upon their subsistence way of living and introduced incongruent constructions of nature-culture relations (e.g., humans as distinct and separate from the natural world). Settler futurity is secured through the arrogation of territorial dominance coupled with physical or conceptual acts of erasure, placing Indigenous lives and lifeways at risk. One outcome of the disruption to Indigenous collective capacities is a dramatic increase in Indigenous suicide.

殖民地创伤对土著青年和年轻人的身体、智力和心理健康构成重大风险。教育和心理健康学者越来越关注年轻人的情绪健康,尤其是在美国自杀率上升的情况下。为了确定理解土著自杀所涉及的独特背景动态,这项工作考虑了与殖民主义有关的特征,这些特征可能会为教育工作者和心理健康从业者揭示解决差异的策略。根据一项更大规模的人种学研究,这项调查从Cowichan部落成员的角度询问了定居者对土著土地和粮食系统的侵占与自杀死亡之间的关系。进行了全面的半结构化访谈(n = 21);每一次采访都有录音,并逐字逐句转录。根据与定居者殖民理论相关的先验假设,对数据进行了演绎分析。Cowichan成员对自杀的叙述性解释源于对(1)与土地的关系和(2)传统粮食系统的破坏。他们描述了定居者的侵占如何侵犯了他们的生存方式,并引入了不协调的自然文化关系结构(例如,人类与自然世界是不同的和分离的)。定居者的未来是通过领土支配地位的僭越,再加上物理或概念上的抹杀行为来确保的,这将使土著人的生命和生活方式处于危险之中。土著集体能力受到破坏的一个结果是土著自杀人数急剧增加。
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引用次数: 0
Striving for safety, impact, and equity: A critical consideration of AJCP publications on formal youth mentoring programs 努力实现安全、影响力和公平:AJCP关于正式青年辅导计划出版物的重要考虑因素。
IF 3.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12702
Matthew A. Hagler, Kristian V. Jones, Amy J. Anderson, Samuel D. McQuillin, Lindsey M. Weiler, Bernadette Sánchez

In this virtual special issue (VSI) we curate and reflect upon 22 articles on formal youth mentoring previously published in the American Journal of Community Psychology (AJCP). First, we provide historical context and highlight AJCP's 2002 special issue on mentoring, which played an important role in establishing youth mentoring as a vibrant area of research. Next, we review and discuss findings from subsequent AJCP studies in three interrelated lines of inquiry: (1) the importance of facilitating high-quality mentoring relationships; (2) associations among youth's presenting needs, relationship quality, and outcomes; and (3) program practices leading to stronger, more impactful relationships. Throughout, we highlight and expand upon critical commentary from AJCP contributors, calling on the field to move away from paternalistic models that overly localize risk with youth and families without interrogating structural oppression. Our recommendations include: (1) centering critical consciousness, racial equity, and social justice in program curricula and mentor trainings; (2) respectfully engaging grassroots programs developed for and by communities of color that are underrepresented in research; (3) making meaningful efforts to recruit mentors from marginalized communities and removing barriers to their participation; and (4) examining youth's racial, ethnic, and other areas of identity development processes during mentoring.

在本期虚拟特刊(VSI)中,我们策划并反思了之前发表在《美国社区心理学杂志》(AJCP)上的22篇关于正式青年辅导的文章。首先,我们提供了历史背景,并强调了AJCP 2002年关于辅导的特刊,该特刊在将青年辅导确立为一个充满活力的研究领域方面发挥了重要作用。接下来,我们在三个相互关联的调查领域回顾和讨论AJCP后续研究的结果:(1)促进高质量辅导关系的重要性;(2) 青年的呈现需求、关系质量和结果之间的关联;以及(3)项目实践,从而建立更牢固、更有影响力的关系。在整个过程中,我们强调并扩展了AJCP撰稿人的批评性评论,呼吁该领域摆脱家长式模式,即在不质疑结构性压迫的情况下,将风险过度本地化给年轻人和家庭。我们的建议包括:(1)将批判性意识、种族公平和社会正义纳入项目课程和导师培训;(2) 尊重参与为研究中代表性不足的有色人种社区开发的基层项目;(3) 作出有意义的努力,从边缘化社区招募导师,并消除他们参与的障碍;以及(4)在辅导期间审查青年的种族、族裔和其他身份发展过程领域。
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引用次数: 1
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American journal of community psychology
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