Experimentelle Pathologie最新文献

A two-hour acute ischaemia of the myocardium was induced in dogs by ligature of the coronary arteries and the effect produced on the qualitative and quantitative ultrastructure of heart muscle cells by infusing “hylase”, a hyaluronidase preparation, was examined. The changes in both the central and peripheral ischaemic zones following hylase infusion are more severe than after ischaemia alone. Particularly the mitochondria showed an increased dissolution of the outer membrane. In the case of ischaemia the percentage of mitochondria in the peripheral zone is 29.6%, in the central zone 27.6%; after hylase infusion it is 25.9% in the peripheral zone and 32.3% in the central zone. After hylase infusion, the percentage of sarcoplasm in the central zone rises to 120.7 % and to 186.8 % in the peripheral zone.

In view of the fact that macroscopic, histological and histochemical findings also show negative effects, the infusion of hyaluronidase is not recommended.

Quantitative changes in the cell components of male Wistar rats (Rehbrücke stock) were determined daily from birth to the 7th day, on the 14th, 21st and 28th day and monthly from the 2nd to the 6th month. At birth, peroxisomes have a volume density of 0.021 ± 0.001, which does not change substantially until the 6th month (0.022 ± 0.008). Numerical density increases from 0.0277 ± 0.0014 at birth to 0.0863 ± 0.0033 in the 6th month. The relative volume of peroxisomes increases in the same period from 98.9 ± 5.2 μm³ to 221.4 ± 8.3 μm³. The number of peroxisomes per hepatocyte increases from 130.4 ± 6.8 to 868.5 ± 33.4. The volume of the individual peroxisome, on the other hand drops from 0.79 μm³ to 0.25 μm³. Changes in peroxisomes vary in the sinusoidal zone, the lateral zone and the zone near the bile canaliculi.

We studied a strain of rats with congenital diabetes insipidus homozygote (DI). The collecting tubules could not concentrate urine. Electron microscopy shows cytoplasmic lesions, vacuoles, swelling and degenerating mitochondria in the collecting tubule cells. Heterozygous animals are similar to the normal animals and rarely show the above described lesions. The connective tissue mucopolysaccharide (MPS) in the renal papilla of normal rats stains more intensely with Alcian Blue-PAS than comparable tissue from DI rats. After vasopressin was given daily to the DI rats for a period of more than three weeks, the animals present a normal water intake, an increase in urine osmolality and an increase in MPS in the connective tissue. The cytoplasmic lesions in the collecting tubule cells also disappear. Thus, it seems reasonable to relate the morphologic changes of DI rats to a lack of appropriate ADH activity. Apparently, ADH causes alteration in the polymeric state of the MPS in connective tissue of the papilla and thereby presumably induces changes in permeability.

Ultrastructural and stereological analysis of mitochondria of liver cells from rats was performed after intoxication with various doses of ethanol administered for various time periods in increasing concentrations.

The following changes were observed in the cells of the experimental animals as compared with the control ones:

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  a decrease of the surface area of mitochondria per unit volume of the hepatocyte,

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  a decrease of the mean number of mitochondrial profiles per 100 μm² surface area of hepatocyte cross section,

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  a decrease in the value of the axial ratio of mitochondrial profiles

A diminished volume fraction of the mitochondria was not observed.

The above presented results show that, after ethanol poisoning, the mitochondria in hepatic cells become enlarged and rounded and their number seems to diminish.

Qualitative studies demonstrated that the structure of mitochondria is frequently damaged, this consisting in injury to their membranes, formation of lamellar structures, and destruction of the system of cristae and matrix. This leads to the presence of degenerated, sometimes monstrously large mitochondria in the cells.

The above described changes occurred as early as after 4 weeks of ethanol administration in increasing doses from 2.5 to 10 per cent.

An increase of ethanol concentration to 42 per cent and prolongation of the period of treatment with ethanol to 12 weeks did not markedly enhance the changes.

The effect of isoproterenol (IPR) on the salivary glands of the rat were investigated after single and repeated administration of 80 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously. Adrenergic nerve fibres were demonstrated with the aid of formalin-induced fluorescence, and cholinergic fibres by means of the acetylcholinesterase reaction.

After a single dose of IPR the acini of the submandibular and parotid glands were depleted and then hypertrophic and hyperplastic. Large scattered cells with retained secretory granules transiently occurred after three days' treatment. They were identified as cells which degenerated mainly during mitosis. The distribution pattern of the autonomic nerve fibres in both glands adjusted to the changes preformed by the acini in the course of treatment.

After long-term treatment there was a distinct loss of fibre structures and intensity of fluorescence. Thus it can be concluded that the autonomic fibres degenerate. The effect of IPR on the proliferation kinetics of the salivary glands is discussed. The fluorescent histochemical results are compared with the electron-microscopic findings in autonomic nerves reported in the literature.

Ways of lymphotropic baboon herpesvirus (HVP) secretion and its excretion into the environment were investigated. Oral swabs and feces from the Sukhumi main stock hamadryas baboons characterized by a high risk for malignant lymphoma and the baboon stock living in isolation in the forest were used as materials for the investigations. Macaque groups of the Sukhumi stock were used as controls. It could be shown that the HVP was resistent in the oral cavity of the main stock baboons and was isolated from oral swabs of these animals both from those with malignant lymphoma and clinically healthy individuals. No virus was isolated from feces of these animals. The virus could not be isolated from oral swabs of the isolated baboon stock and macaques.

Primary cultures of rat heart cells were incubated at 37 °C or 39.5 °C. For permanent treatment with adrenaline recently developed tablets were added to the cultures. After 10 hours the cell counts, glucose, lactate, LDH, α-HBDH and GOT were determined. Permanent adrenaline-application led to a decrease of cell counts, an increase of lactate, LDH, α-HBDH and GOT. The results indicate an injured membrane function of rat heart cells. Raised temperature sensitized the cells for adrenaline-treatment.

The ultrastructure of rat parietal cells of the gastric mucosa was investigated during the twenty-four hours of a day. Male rats were housed at ad libitum feeding under normal light conditions with dark night. The animals were sacrificed at 6.00 h, 12.00 h, 18.00 h and 24.00 h respectively, in groups of 5 animals after standard 24 hours of starvation.

From this material the electronograms of 356 parietal cells (19% in 6.00 h, 26% in 12.00 h, 21% in 18.00 h and 34% in 24.00 h samples) were evaluated. Based on literary data, the parietal cells were specified as secreting parietal cells (S, 38% of the total), secreting parietal cells returning to resting state (SR, 18% of the total), resting parietal cells (R, 35% of the total) and resting parietal cells tending to early secreting state (RS, 9% of the total).

Some types of parietal cells are statistically highly significantly (χ² = 130.9, p ⪡ 0.001) unequally distributed during the circadian rhythm: S are less numerous at 6.00 h (2% of the total) and 12.00 h (4% of the total) than expected (7 and 10% respectively), and more numerous at 18.00 h (11% of the total) and 24.00 h (21% of the total) than expected (8 and 13% respectively). Conversely, R are more numerous in the morning (13 and 15% instead of 7 and 9% respectively) and less in evening samples (4 and 3% instead of 7 and 12% respectively).

Distribution differences were proved statistically (χ²-test) for all cell-cell and hour-hour combinations except the combinations S-RS and 6.00 h to 12.00 h. The maximal differences in distribution were found to be between the amounts of 8 and R at 6.00 h and 24.00 h (χ² = 77.3, P ⪡ 0.001) and at 12.00 h and 24.00 h (χ² = 69.3, p ⪡ 0.001).

Thus, a distinct circadian rhythm of parietal cells, especially as to their fine cell structures involved in acid production was demonstrated. The results render further evidence of the rhythmicity of gastric acid production in rats.

Phagocytosis of inert, radioactive gold particles in the reticuloendothelial system of rats in the case of experimental insulinopenic diabetes was studied. In the spleen, phagocytosis was seen to have fallen to a relatively low level after four weeks from the induction of diabetes. In the liver, there was noted a reduction in phagocytosis per gram of organ, though it remained the same for the total organ which in the case of diabetes mellitus increases in weight relative to body weight. This difference in reaction of the reticuloendothelial system in the liver and spleen has also been observed in mice with tumors. The importance of the findings of the present study for increased sensitivity to infections of poorly controlled diabetic patients is discussed in greater detail.