International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy最新文献

It is suggested that Ubertragung, when translated into simple English as "carrying or bearing something from one place to another," can include not only the technical, important concept embodied in the Latinate word transference but also the broader concept embodied in the Greek term metaphor. Also reviewed are the psychological strengths of metaphor, such as its capacity for ambiguity, as an intermediate area of experience, as well as its structure, consisting of signified, signifier, and the work involved to create signifiers. Third, other words of voyage related to Ubertragung are discussed. Finally, disturbances of metaphor in the patient and distortions of metaphor by the therapist are examined.

A chronically depressed, middle-aged man with numerous intermittent psychotherapies since adolescence, sought treatment for difficulties provoked by his corrupt, former boss. Because of inadequate fathering, he had been unable to consolidate his identity as a man and a father, which inhibited the development of masculine and paternal identity in his oldest son. This patient enacted and worked through massive resistance to experiencing the idealized, paternal transference so lacking in his relationship with his own father; thereby enhancing his son's development and aiding his own separation from his mother and his wife. But this upset the family equilibrium and angered the wife, as she could no longer protect and control her husband and son, thereby enacting her transference to her alcoholic father. The psychotherapists' close collaboration helped elucidate this family's complex, interwoven psychopathology. Simultaneous treatment with collaboration thus contributed to the separation and individuation of father, mother, and son and facilitated later resolution of their oedipal conflicts.

This paper offers a partial account of the ongoing treatment of a 16-month-old toddler who presented with a history of a psychogenic rash; a feeding disorder; bowel retention; an intolerance to physical separation from mother, even in the house; and a marked insomnia, all dating from the time she was 8 months old. I came to understand the infant's constellation of symptoms, interpersonally, as part of a three-generational intercommunication that included toddler, mother, and mother's mother and, intrapsychically, as a failure in the separation-individuation process. A nodal point in the treatment and in symptom relief occurred when the toddler became aware, in her 17th month, of the anatomical difference. This clinical example is presented to support the idea (Roiphe & Galenson 1981) that such early genital awareness may act as a spur to ego development and may further ego organization, allowing the child an opportunity to master partially what had been phase-specifically traumatic during the symbiotic phase.

"The Darker Side of Fatherhood" is intended as a clinical sequel to an earlier article, "Oedipus Revisited: Laius and the 'Laius Complex'". After briefly summarizing the allegorical implications of the various forgotten Oedipus myths and the father's fateful role within the Theban tragedy, this paper elaborates on those pederastic and filicidal inclinations that I believe to be universal among fathers. When such wishes are subject to primal repression, they enhance adaptation, fueling a father's aggressive dialogue with sons and daughters from infancy through the oedipal era into adolescence. Maladaptations arise when fathers give free rein to a more or less unalloyed destructive aggressivity toward offspring, a manifest hostility that can further serve to defend against ambisexual amibitions or identifications. Another pathogenic situation occurs when a father succumbs to an excessive neurotic inhibition in a desperate effort to repress such urges, thereby depriving his children of age- and state-appropriated aggressive stimulation in the form of play, active providing, and necessary discipline. Observational, analytic, and clinical case examples are presented to illustrate the implications for observation, developmental theory, and technique of an emphasis on a father's gender- and generation-specific aggression toward his offspring and its abiding intrapsychic reverberations.

This paper discusses transference love, its place among other transference reactions, and other forms of love. It attempts to resolve two questions: (1) whether transference love is essentially similar to love in real life or is fundamentally different and (2) whether if it is different, it can be seen as a transitory form of love that will enable the analysand to transfer to a new object significantly better than he or she would have been able to had psychoanalysis not interfered. Also examined are the consequences of a love relationship between the analyst and the analysand, the ramifications of Freud's metaphor the "economics of love," and transference love and sublimation.

The emotions experienced during a sexualized transference are, though genital, hardly pleasurable. The phrase erotic horror describes something of what most patients find the experience to be like. Accordingly, I set forward the hypotheses that in direct proportion to the intensity of its need, the erotic transference is a form of negative transference deriving from past object relationships with exciting but frustrating objects; genetically, erotic transferences can be related not only to the oedipal phase but also to preoedipal phases of development, can refer to actual or fantasied seductions by either or both parents, and can involve both sexual and aggressive drives; the patient can also be an exciting but frustrating object to the analyst, evoking inevitable countertransference feelings in the analyst pertaining to both contemporary and past objects; the factor that most limits the elucidation of the patient's erotic transference is not the desire of the patient but the desire of the analyst; and only the correct interpretation, whether spoken or silently understood, mitigates the frustrated desire and resistance of both patient and analyst.

This paper discusses one type of psychological disorder commonly seen in late adolescents who have appeared well adjusted throughout their earlier adolescent years. The disorder comes to light when a web of established roles and relationships can no longer provide a sense of identity and substitute for genuine self-esteem. The loss of this defensive niche reveals the existence of significant developmental lags or deficits in self structure, self-object differentiation, and ego functions. These disorders typically reflect a complex mingling of oedipal-neurotic conflicts, immense difficulty with separation, and developmental-structural arrests. In the initial treatment relationship, the developmental deficits are most prominent. When they are addressed, a revival and reworking of earlier adolescent separation concerns becomes possible, and some developmental momentum is restored. Overall, these disorders require a conceptualization that can give full weight to the salience of self structural problems within basically neurotic personality organization.

The term projective identification has been broadened from its original meaning as set forth by Melanie Klein to include the interpersonal sphere. A review of the psychoanalytic literature on projective identification shows varying uses, definitional problems, and conceptual confusion and raises serious questions regarding the possibility of integrating intrapersonal and interpersonal models of the mind. Clinical material is presented to show that phenomena commonly described as projective identification are variable, complex patterns of behavior that are not well understood. The author concludes that the major definitional and conceptual difficulties with the term justify that its usage be limited. At the same time, the powerful clinical phenomena--the transference-countertransference interactions--described as projective identification cannot be ignored.