International journal of zoonoses最新文献

In the course of a survey of human intestinal and haemoparasites in Oluyole Local Government Area of Nigeria known to be endemic for dracunculiasis, most of the inhabitants were burdened with parasitic infections which include ascariasis (43.7%), hookworm infection (27.1%), trichuriasis (31%), Strongyloidiasis (2.5%), Entamoeba histolytica infestation (3.9%), E. coli infestation (2.7%) and plasmodiasis (43.7%). Peak of ascariasis was among the 1-10 years age group while those of trichuriasis, hookworm, strongyloidiasis and Plasmodiasis were in the 11-20 years age group. The packed cell volume is generally low among the people.

The relevant literature concerning human dipylidiasis has been reviewed with specific reference to the association of children and their pet dog and cats. A specific case is recounted which is considered to be typical of the condition as encountered by pediatricians and general practitioners.

Sera from 1,219 pigs slaughtered in Acadian Louisiana in 1980 and 1981 were tested using the indirect hemagglutination test and microtiter system for toxoplasma antibodies and 19.2% had titers of 1:64 or higher. Pigs slaughtered in the colder months, November to March, had significantly higher seroprevalences than pigs slaughtered in the warmer months. 24.6% of 236 farm bled sows and gilts had similarly high titers.

Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in rural dogs in Eastern Nigeria was determined. Of the 182 dogs examined, 8 (4.4%) had Echinococcus granulosus infection. The number of Echinococcus granulosus recovered was 80, of which 16 (20%) were from faeces and 64 (80%) were derived from intestinal mucosa. Of the localities surveyed, Eke-Uke had the highest number of infected dogs, 13 out of 38 (34.3%). The females accounted for 94 out of 182 dogs (51.6%) examined, while 98 (53.8%) were males. E. granulosus was present in 7 out of 94 (7.4%) females and in 10 out of 98 (10.2%) males. Parts of the body of thd dogs (anal region, outside of the mouth and coat) examined were positive for taeniid ova. Other cestodes recovered were Taenia hydategina, Taenia ovis, and Taenia pisiformis.

Rabies is endemic in India. The status of Rabies at the national level is difficult to present because of inadequate reporting system. However, a national awareness has been created over the years (Anonym 1968, 1970, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984a and 1984b). National Canine Rabies Control Programme finalised by the National Committee on Zoonoses has been taken up recently by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. Use of mass communication media like newspaper, radio and television has also been started. The department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology started working on Rabies in 1979. Observations of the first six years constitute this paper.

An epidemic of buffalo pox infection in buffaloes, white cattle, horses, goats and human beings in the Dhule district of Maharashtra State (India) during December, 1975 to March, 1976 is reported. Buffalo pox virus from this epidemic has been propagated in BHK-21 cell line directly from the skin scab materials collected from those animals in phosphate glycerine buffer. A specific cytopathic effect (CPE) produced in these cell lines was differentiated from the non-specific CPE by the demonstration of the characteristic 'Rosette' or 'Sun flower' like haemadsorption with 0.4% fowl erythrocytes. The CPE started appearing as early as 18 hours and the detachment and peeling off the cells from the glass surface were noted on the 4th day onwards. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies with giant cells (multi-nucleated) formation and fusion of the cells were also observed with a few stellate cells.

Studies on poultry-cum fish integrated aquaculture system showed contamination of water and fish by faecal and Streptococci coliform, with most probable numbers of 10(5) Fc/100 ml and 10(3) Fc/100 ml respectively. It was also found that both water and fish muscles are contaminated with Pseudomonas sp, Escherichia sp., Aeromonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. which are of public health significance and could play primary role as occupational disease of fish handlers.

In a series of immunological studies on Trypanosoma cruzi, the lytic titers of epimastigotes and metacyclic trypomastigotes by sera obtained from normal and infected rodents were compared. Lysis of culture forms of T. cruzi by normal mouse or rat serum was restricted to the epimastigote form. Freezing reduced the lytic titers of rodent sera. This serum lytic activity was also depressed during the acute infection phase. Metacyclic trypomastigotes were more resistant than epimastigotes to both nonspecific and specific lysis by sera, However, provided with fresh complement, antisera collected from mice or rats lysed 12-26% of metacyclic trypomastigotes.

Twelve clones were isolated from relapsing populations in an infection initiated with a clone-derived human serum resistant Trypanozoon. Isolates were serotyped by the immunotrypanolysis test and four distinct variable antigen types (VATs) designated WITat 4, 5, 6 and 7 were identified. Contemporaneous blood incubation infectivity testing (BIIT) showed that most clones isolated in the course of infection were resistant to normal human serum while some clones isolated after series of relapses were susceptible. Four clones (G1, G2, G7 and G15) designated WITat 5, WITat 6, WITat 6 and WITat 5 respectively behaved differently in the BIIT. One of each pair was readily sensitive while the two others were highly resistant to human serum. This observation suggests that resistance to human serum might be dissociated from variable antigen type in a serodeme of Trypanosoma rhodesiense. The resistance or susceptibility to normal human serum by Trypanozoon is not immutable but is determined by the environment in which the trypanosomes live.