International journal of zoonoses最新文献

The literature of human hydatid disease is briefly reviewed. Records from 1972 to 1979 in the Surgical Department of the Central Hospital, Tripoli, showed that 111 cases of hydatid disease were confirmed surgically out of 22,979 admissions, an incidence of 0.48%. Of the 111 cases, 73 (65.76%) were females and 38 (34.24%) were males. The highest incidence occurred in the 20-40 year age group, followed by 41-60 year age group. Recommendations are made concerning disease surveillance and documentation of epidemiological data.

Of 2820 livestock, comprising 472 cattle, 294 goats, 128 pigs and 665 dogs of urban and rural areas of West Bengal (India), 89 (3.15%) were found to suffer from demodicidosis. Highest infestation rate (3.87%) was observed in dogs followed by cattle (3.11%), goats (2.44%) and pigs (1.44%). The infestation rate did not differ significantly between urban and rural areas. Head, neck and face were the common sites of lesions followed by extremities and body surfaces. Females were infested more than males. Animals of all age groups suffered from mange infestation, though highest infestation (18.00%) was observed in 36-47 months of age and lowest (10.11%) in 72 months and above age groups. Some bacterial invaders were isolated from the demodectic lesions, which were found sensitive to a number of common antibiotics. Fungi like Trichophyton mentagrophytes could also be isolated from the lesions.

Over a period of one year (January 1983 to December 1983), an investigation was mounted to determine common ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants in selected farms in Nsukka, Nigeria. The species identified in goats included Ctenocephalides canis, Boophilius decolouratus and Amblyomma variegatum lides while those recovered from parasitized sheep were Ctenocephalides canis and Damalinia ovis. Out of a total of 148 sheep and goats examined for ectoparasites, 68 (45.95%) were infested. A further breakdown of this figure shows that 10 (18.52%) out of a total number of 54 sheep screened were infested, while 58 (61.70%) of the goats (94) examined were infested. Identification of these ectoparasites was by anatomical and morphological characteristics. Result of the investigation indicated that there was variation in the degree of ectoparasitic infestation from one animal to another. Epizootiological factors associated with ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants were highlighted and the zoonotic importance of Ctenocephalides canis and Amblyomma variagatum was discussed.

The findings of an investigation mounted to evaluate and compare the prevalence of parasitic gastro-intestinal helminth ova in three different breeds of dogs in Calabar, Nigeria are presented. Results of the investigation indicate that in Alsatians, 25% infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis, 25% Toxocara canis, 65% Ancylostoma caninum were found, in crossbreed between Alsatian and Mongrel, 15.56% infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis, 10.93% Toxascaris leonina, 25% Toxocara canis, 68.75% Ancylostoma caninum, 1.66% Dipylidium caninum were recorded while 15.88% infestation with Strongyloides stercoralis, 7.64% Toxocara leonina, 25.86% Toxocara canis, 77.64% Ancylostoma caninum, 2.25% Dipylidium caninum, 0.58% Trichuris vulpis, 1.17% Echinococcus granulosus, 0.58% Taenia ovis, 1.17% Taenia hydatigena and 21% coccidia oocyst were observed in Mongrel dogs. Possible factors responsible for this variation in degree of infestation are suggested and strategic prophylactic anthelmintic medication during early wet season or late dry season is recommended.

An investigation into ectoparasitic infestation of different breeds of dogs presented to four veterinary clinics in Benin, Sapele and Auchi in Bendel State of Nigeria during the period January 1983 to December 1983 is presented. Of a total of 820 dogs examined for ectoparasites 246 (30.00%) were infected by ticks, 226 (27.56%) by lice, 212 (25.85%) by fleas and 109 (13.29%) by mites. The species of ectoparasites identified and their prevalence rates were Rhipicephalus sanguineus (19.5%), Otobius megnini (10.48%), Ctenocephalides canis (25.85%), Demodex canis (13.29%). Common clinical symptoms evinced in this species include scratching, licking, irritation, restlessness, alopecia, otitis externa and dermatitis. Some aspects of epidemiology of canine ectoparasitic infestation are discussed.

Various studies on trichinosis in Thailand since the first outbreak in 1962 up until 15 July 1983 are reviewed. There were 67 outbreaks, affecting 2,792 persons and resulting in 85 deaths. Most of the outbreaks occurred in the north of the country which is mountainous. Hilltribe pigs and wild boars were the common sources of human infection. Incidence of Trichinella spiralis larvae in dog meat in the area favoring of dog meat consumption is cautioned to create a public health problem in the future. Some Thai dishes are proved as viable T. spiralis larvae source due to cooking procedures. Control measures of trichinosis launched by the Department of Livestock Development are described.

A total of 221 blood and 174 carcase swab samples obtained from food animals (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses) slaughtered at urban and rural slaughter houses in Nsukka area were studied. 51 blood samples and 180 samples of vesicle fluid were also collected from persons occupationally exposed (butchers/skinners, meat retailers, meat inspectors, veterinarians and tanners) to these animals and their products. All the samples were studied culturally and microscopically. Confirmation of infection was by subcutaneous inoculation of guinea pigs and mice with samples of human and animal blood, carcase swabs and vesicle fluid got from suspected cutaneous lesions on the hands of persons studied in this survey. Of the blood samples obtained from food animals, 5 per cent (3/60) of cattle and 3.3 per cent (1/30) of sheep were positive. The rest of the blood samples from other animals were negative. For the carcase swab samples, 5.7 per cent (5/88) from cattle and 3.1 per cent (1/33) from sheep were positive. The rest of the carcase swabs from goats, pigs and horses were negative. Only the blood samples from butchers/skinners, 20 per cent (2/10), meat retailers, 9.1 per cent (1/11) and tanners, 11.1 per cent (1/9) were positive. Malignant pustule was confirmed in 13.3 per cent (6/45) of butchers/skinners, 10 per cent (3/30) of tanners and 6 per cent (3/50) of meat retailers. The results show that food animals and their products constitute a potential danger to those persons whose occupation necessitates handling animal products or contact with animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The results obtained by staining impression smears prepared from rabies positive brains revealed that with Seller's stain, Negribodies were detected in 76.28% specimens, whereas direct fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and direct immunoperoxidase (IP) technique detected rabies antigen in 92.50% and 91.36% of brains respectively. This indicates that for giving rapid diagnosis Seller's stain may be of value but negative result does not rule out positive result. Direct FAT and direct IP were found sensitive and IP can replace FAT and is more sensitive than Sellers. Paraffin embedded sections were stained by Massignani Malferrari method, direct FAT and direct IP. All the three methods were found equally specific and sensitive. Direct FAT is only possible when fluorescent microscope is available. Its disadvantage is its impermanancy. Nonspecific reactions are also seen. These disadvantages can largely be avoided by employing direct IP since the method does not require a special kind of microscope, it can keep for a long time and it can be studied under electron microscope if desired. This test can also replace direct FAT in examining impression smears where fluorescent microscope is not available. Horseradish peroxidase from SIGMA, USA, type VI, RZ 3.0 was found most suitable.