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Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals最新文献

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The effect of fish and mealworm larvae meals as alternative dietary protein sources on nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal function in Chinchilla lanigera 鱼类和粉虫幼虫膳食作为替代蛋白质来源对龙猫营养物质消化率和胃肠功能的影响
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0072
A. Gugołek, J. Strychalski, J. Juśkiewicz, E. Żary-Sikorska
Chinchillas are herbivores, but wild chinchillas may occasionally consume animal-based foods. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fish meal (FM) and mealworm meal (MWM) included in complete pelleted diets on nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal function in chinchillas. The experiment was performed on 24 male, divided into three groups, n=8. Control group (C) was fed a diet containing 10% soybean meal (SBM). In the experimental group FM, chinchillas received a diet containing 3% fish meal, and the diet administered to the experimental group MWM was supplemented with 4% dried mealworm larvae meal. The nutrient digestibility of diets was determined. At the end of the experiment animals were euthanized and their digestive tracts were removed to analyze gut activity. FM group animals were characterized by lower crude fat digestibility, whereas both alternative protein sources improved the digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF). A considerable increase in the activity of cecal intracellular and extracellular bacterial enzymes (in particular β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and β-xylosidase) was noted in the FM group, which however did not increase the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The inclusion of MWM in chinchilla diets shifted the bacterial fermentation site from the cecum (lowest SCFA pool) to the colon (highest SCFA pool), thus enabling to derive additional energy from less digestible dietary components. In conclusion, chinchilla diets can be supplemented with small amounts of animal protein such as fish meal and dried mealworm larvae meal.
龙猫是草食性动物,但野生龙猫偶尔会食用动物性食物。本研究的目的是确定全颗粒日粮中鱼粉(FM)和粉虫粉(MWM)对龙猫营养物质消化率和胃肠功能的影响。实验在24名男性身上进行,分为三组,n=8。对照组(C)饲喂含10%豆粕(SBM)的日粮。在实验组FM中,龙猫接受了含有3%鱼粉的饮食,并且给实验组MWM的饮食补充了4%的粉虫幼虫干粉。测定了日粮的营养物质消化率。实验结束时,对动物实施安乐死,并切除它们的消化道以分析肠道活动。FM组动物的特征是较低的粗脂肪消化率,而两种替代蛋白质来源都提高了酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的消化率。FM组盲肠细胞内和细胞外细菌酶(特别是β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶和β-木糖苷酶)的活性显著增加,但并未增加短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的浓度。在龙猫日粮中加入MWM将细菌发酵位点从盲肠(最低的SCFA库)转移到结肠(最高的SCFA池),从而能够从不易消化的日粮成分中获得额外的能量。总之,龙猫日粮可以补充少量动物蛋白,如鱼粉和粉虫幼虫干粉。
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引用次数: 8
Evaluation of cardiac troponin I in serum and myocardium of rabbits with experimentally induced polymicrobial sepsis 实验性多菌败血症家兔血清和心肌肌钙蛋白I的评价
Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0046
K. C. Tümer, H. Özdemi̇r, H. Eröksüz
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition, and it is frequently complicated by myocardial damage. Data on myocardial damage in rabbit caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) models are limited, although numerous animal models have been used to study sepsis-associated myocardial damage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CLP on cardiac muscle by measuring serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations and by detecting both histopathological changes and cTnI immunoreactivity in cardiomyocytes in rabbits. After CLP was performed in rabbits, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at 0, 4, 8, and 12 h for haematological and biochemical analyses. At the end of the experiment, all of the rabbits were euthanised to examine the histopathological changes and the cTnI immunoreactivity in cardiac muscle tissue. No changes in serum cTnI concentration were observed in the experimental group (EG) or control group (CG) at 0 and 4 h. In EG, the mean serum cTnI concentrations were 0.230 ± 0.209 and 1.177 ± 0.971 ng/ml at 8 and 12 h, respectively. In CG, the mean serum cTnI concentrations were 0.032 ± 0.014 and 0.031 ± 0.021 ng/ml at 8 and 12 h, respectively. Moreover, cytoplasmic cTnI immunoreactivity decreased in EG compared with that in CG (P<0.01). The results demonstrated that CLP induced a systemic inflammatory response and caused myocardial damage in rabbits.
脓毒症是一种潜在的危及生命的疾病,它经常伴有心肌损伤。关于兔盲肠结扎和穿刺(CLP)模型心肌损伤的数据有限,尽管许多动物模型已被用于研究败血症相关的心肌损伤。本研究旨在通过测量血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度以及检测兔心肌细胞的组织病理学变化和cTnI免疫反应性来研究CLP对心肌的影响。在兔子中进行CLP后,在0、4、8和12小时从颈静脉采集血样,用于血液学和生化分析。实验结束时,对所有家兔实施安乐死,以检查心肌组织的组织病理学变化和cTnI免疫反应性。在0和4小时时,实验组(EG)或对照组(CG)的血清cTnI浓度没有变化。在EG中,8和12小时时的平均血清cTn I浓度分别为0.230±0.209和1.177±0.971 ng/ml。在CG中,8小时和12小时的平均血清cTnI浓度分别为0.032±0.014和0.031±0.021 ng/ml。与CG组相比,EG组胞浆cTnI免疫反应性降低(P<0.01)。
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引用次数: 2
Retraction: Additive effect of vitamin K2 and risedronate on long bone mass in hypophysectomized young rats 缩回:维生素K2和利塞膦酸钠对去垂体幼鼠长骨质量的影响
Pub Date : 2019-08-14 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.56.103.r1
J. Iwamoto, T. Takeda, Yoshihiro Sato, J. Yeh
The following articles have been retracted by the Editorial Board of Experimental Animals, because some parts of their contents were published elsewhere.
以下文章已被《实验动物》编辑委员会撤回,因为它们的部分内容已在其他地方发表。
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引用次数: 0
Retraction: Preventive effects of risedronate and calcitriol on cancellous osteopenia in ratstreated with high-dose glucocorticoid 退缩:利塞膦酸盐和骨化三醇对大剂量糖皮质激素治疗大鼠松质性骨质减少的预防作用
Pub Date : 2019-08-14 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.55.349.r1
J. Iwamoto, A. Seki, T. Takeda, Yoshihiro Sato, Harumoto Yamada, Chwan-Li Shen, J. Yeh
The following articles have been retracted by the Editorial Board of Experimental Animals, because some parts of their contents were published elsewhere.
以下文章已被《实验动物》编辑委员会撤回,因为它们的部分内容已在其他地方发表。
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引用次数: 0
Retraction: Response of cortical and cancellous bones to mild calcium deficiency in young growing female rats: a bone histomorphometry study 收缩:幼龄雌性大鼠皮质骨和松质骨对轻度缺钙的反应:骨组织形态计量学研究
Pub Date : 2019-08-14 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.53.347.r1
J. Iwamoto, T. Takeda, Yoshihiro Sato, J. Yeh
The following articles have been retracted by the Editorial Board of Experimental Animals, because some parts of their contents were published elsewhere.
以下文章已被《实验动物》编辑委员会撤回,因为它们的部分内容已在其他地方发表。
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引用次数: 0
A C1976Y missense mutation in the mouse Ip3r1 gene leads to short-term mydriasis and unfolded protein response in the iris constrictor muscles 小鼠Ip3r1基因的C1976Y错义突变导致虹膜收缩肌的短期收缩和未折叠蛋白反应
Pub Date : 2019-08-08 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0007
Bing Chen, Chongyang Qi, Li Chen, Meng-Jun Dai, Yayou Miao, Rui Chen, Wane Wei, Shun Yang, hong-Ling Wang, Xiaoge Duan, Min-Wei Gong, Yi Wang, Z. Xue
Ip3r1 encodes an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-responsive calcium channel. Mutations in the IP3R1 gene in humans may cause Gillespie syndrome (GS) typically presents as fixed dilated pupils in affected infants, which was referred to as iris hypoplasia. However, there is no report of mice with Ip3r1 heterozygous mutations showing dilated pupils. Here, we report a new Ip3r1 allele with short-term dilated pupil phenotype derived from an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen. This allele carries a G5927A transition mutation in Ip3r1 gene (NM_010585), which is predicted to result in a C1976Y amino acid change in the open reading frame of IP3R1 (NP_034715). We named this novel Ip3r1 allele Ip3r1C1976Y. Histology and pharmacological tests show that the dilated pupil phenotype is a mydriasis caused by the functional defect in the iris constrictor muscles in Ip3r1C1976Y. The dilated pupil phenotype in Ip3r1C1976Y was referred to as mydriasis and excluding iris hypoplasia. IHC analysis revealed increased expression of BIP protein, the master regulator of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, in Ip3r1C1976Y mice that did not recover. This study is the first report of an Ip3r1 mutation being associated with the mydriasis phenotype. Ip3r1C1976Y mice represent a self-healing model that may be used to study the therapeutic approach for Ip3r1-related diseases.
Ip3r1编码1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇响应性钙通道。人类IP3R1基因的突变可能导致Gillespie综合征(GS),通常表现为受影响婴儿瞳孔固定扩张,称为虹膜发育不全。然而,没有关于Ip3r1杂合突变小鼠瞳孔扩张的报道。在这里,我们报道了一种新的具有短期扩张瞳孔表型的Ip3r1等位基因,该等位基因来源于N-乙基-N-亚硝基脲(ENU)诱变筛选。该等位基因在Ip3r1基因(NM_010585)中携带G5927A过渡突变,预计这将导致Ip3r1开放阅读框中的C1976Y氨基酸变化(NP_034715)。我们将这种新的Ip3r1等位基因命名为Ip3r1C1976Y。组织学和药理学测试表明,瞳孔扩张表型是由Ip3r1C1976Y的虹膜收缩肌功能缺陷引起的散瞳。Ip3r1C1976Y的瞳孔扩张表型被称为散瞳,不包括虹膜发育不全。IHC分析显示,在未恢复的Ip3r1C1976Y小鼠中,未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)信号传导的主要调节因子BIP蛋白的表达增加。这项研究是首次报道Ip3r1突变与散瞳表型有关。Ip3r1C1976Y小鼠代表了一种可用于研究Ip3r1相关疾病的治疗方法的自我修复模型。
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引用次数: 1
LAS Seminar 2 研讨会2
Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-LAS2
Shinya Ayabe, Masayo Kadota, Tomomi Hashimoto, Kenichi Nakashima, A. Yoshiki
Genome Editing technologies enable us to produce the Knock-out mouse within a short period of time. Opportunity for the novice to produce the Knock-out mouse is increased. In many cases, in-del mutations are induced in coding sequence of the target genes for its Knock-out. Although in-del mutation could be induced with high efficiency, there is a risk of incomplete Knock-out. If the methionine coding ATG located downstream of mutation site function as start codon, in-del induced gene still has potential for expressing the functional protein in which just a few amino-acid at N-terminal defected. This undesired event is called illegitimate translation (ITL). To avoid ITL, we adopt Excision Knock-out. When double strand break happen on the two sites locating up and downstream of the full-length target gene region, this region can be excised. Even though the rate of this excision mutation is lower than that of in-del mutation, there is no risk of ITL. However, Full-length gene excision has another risk; promoter/enhancer regions of the neighboring genes and the non-coding genes are also deleted. Therefore, we recommend to excise the Critical Exon when your target gene is large. It requires knowledge of genetics for selecting Critical Exon. To overcome this problem, we develop new CRISPR design tool, KOnezumi. KOnezumi shows not only Critical Exon but also sgRNA sequence and primer sites when you just input your target gene name. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
基因组编辑技术使我们能够在很短的时间内生产出基因敲除小鼠。新手生产敲除鼠标的机会增加了。在许多情况下,In -del突变是在敲除靶基因的编码序列中引起的。虽然in-del突变可以高效地诱导,但存在不完全敲除的风险。如果位于突变位点下游的蛋氨酸编码ATG作为起始密码子,则in-del诱导基因仍有可能表达仅n端有少量氨基酸缺陷的功能蛋白。这种不希望发生的事件称为非法翻译(ITL)。为了避免ITL,我们采用了切除淘汰法。当全长靶基因区上下两个位点发生双链断裂时,该区域可被切除。尽管这种切除突变的发生率低于del内突变,但没有发生ITL的风险。然而,全长基因切除有另一个风险;邻近基因和非编码基因的启动子/增强子区域也被删除。因此,我们建议当目标基因较大时切除关键外显子。选择关键外显子需要具备一定的遗传学知识。为了克服这个问题,我们开发了新的CRISPR设计工具KOnezumi。KOnezumi不仅显示关键外显子,还显示sgRNA序列和引物位点,当您只输入目标基因名称时。第66届日本实验动物科学协会年会
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引用次数: 0
Symposium 2 研讨会2
Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-S2
○Kathryn Bayne, ○Yoshie Kakuma
One Health is defined by the One Health Commission as “... a collaborative ... and trans-disciplinary approach, working locally, regionally, nationally, and globally, to achieve optimal health and well-being of all animals, people, plants and their shared environment, recognizing their inextricable interconnections.” The concept that the health of humans, animals and the environment are linked is not new, with similarities between animals and humans noted by Aristotle. However, according to the CDC, human and animal medicine were considered separate disciplines until the 20th century. Only in the last few years has it been recognized that the welfare of humans, animals and the environment are also connected, with the resulting use of the term, One Welfare. Examples of the linkage of these include: animal abuse is often linked to human abuse; improving animal welfare can improve urban social indicators; improved animal welfare enhances food safety; improved animal welfare increases farm productivity; improved wildlife welfare enhances biodiversity conservation; and improved research animal welfare enhances data reproducibility and validity. The One Welfare concept fosters the United Nations’ Sustainability Development Goals (UN SDGs) by building “economic growth and address[ing] a range of social needs including education, health, social protection, and job opportunities....” In this way, the One Welfare concept is connected to the Tokyo Declaration on Universal Health Coverage, which also supports the UN SDGs, and thus is of interest to the Japanese people. This presentation will describe One Welfare, including its place in biomedical research. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
“一个健康”被“一个卫生委员会”定义为“……一种合作的……跨学科的方法,在当地、地区、国家和全球范围内开展工作,以实现所有动物、人、植物及其共享环境的最佳健康和福祉,认识到它们之间不可分割的相互联系。”,动物和环境之间的联系并不是什么新鲜事,亚里士多德指出了动物和人类之间的相似之处。然而,根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的说法,直到20世纪,人类医学和动物医学一直被认为是独立的学科。直到最近几年,人们才认识到人类、动物和环境的福利也是相互联系的,因此使用了“一个福利”一词。这些联系的例子包括:虐待动物往往与虐待人类有关;改善动物福利可以提高城市社会指标;动物福利的改善提高了食品安全;动物福利的改善提高了农场生产力;野生动物福利的改善促进了生物多样性保护;研究动物福利的改善提高了数据的可重复性和有效性。“一个福利”概念通过建设“经济增长和解决包括教育、健康、社会保护和就业机会在内的一系列社会需求……”来促进联合国的可持续发展目标,因此引起了日本人民的兴趣。本演讲将介绍One Welfare,包括其在生物医学研究中的地位。第66届日本实验动物科学协会年会
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引用次数: 0
Symposium 5 研讨会5
Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.07.150
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引用次数: 0
LAS Seminar 3 研讨会3
Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-LAS3
A. Yoshiki
New mouse users are increasing with the spread of genome editing. This seminar is aiming to introduce how to use fully domestic and overseas mouse resource organizations and related infrastructures where various mouse strains so far developed have been preserved. The speaker will explain paper works to obtain mice from major mouse resource organizations and quality issues to be considered when receiving the mice. The introductory talk will encompass the one-stop shop database that can list all strains stored in major resource organizations around the world (International Mouse Strain Resource: IMSR), and the international mouse phenotyping consortium (IMPC) that is establishing knockout mouse strains of all protein-coding genes and the phenotype information. The author is expecting to share with participants the knowledge of useful research infrastructures available for full use of mouse resources, including breeder companies which provide standard strains and technical services. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
随着基因组编辑的普及,新的鼠标用户正在增加。本次研讨会旨在介绍如何充分利用国内外小鼠资源组织和相关基础设施,这些组织和基础设施保存了迄今为止开发的各种小鼠品种。演讲者将解释从主要老鼠资源组织获得老鼠的论文工作以及接收老鼠时需要考虑的质量问题。介绍性演讲将包括一站式数据库,该数据库可以列出世界各地主要资源组织中存储的所有菌株(国际小鼠菌株资源:IMSR),以及国际小鼠表型联盟(IMPC),该联盟正在建立所有蛋白质编码基因的敲除小鼠菌株和表型信息。作者希望与参与者分享可用于充分利用小鼠资源的有用研究基础设施的知识,包括提供标准品系和技术服务的育种公司。第66届日本实验动物科学协会年会
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引用次数: 0
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Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals
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