Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-ES
T. Okamura
Pain in laboratory animals is a major animal welfare problem that must be addressed. Research procedures using laboratory animals should be refined to minimize pain and distress. General anesthesia is produced using either injectable or inhalational agents, or a combination of the two methods. Balanced anesthesia is the technic in which a number of different agents are combined to produce a desired effect. Anesthetic agents can be given to produce all of these required features of general anesthesia: loss of consciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation and suppression of reflex activity. Understanding of the pharmacological features of anesthetic agents, managing and monitoring anesthesia, post-operative care and pain assessment are necessary to protect the laboratory animals from the pain and stress of surgical intervention. In this talk, we will discuss which methods are more appropriate to minimize the pain and distress associated with the experimental procedures.
{"title":"Educationnal Seminar","authors":"T. Okamura","doi":"10.1538/expanim.68suppl-ES","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.68suppl-ES","url":null,"abstract":"Pain in laboratory animals is a major animal welfare problem that must be addressed. Research procedures using laboratory animals should be refined to minimize pain and distress. General anesthesia is produced using either injectable or inhalational agents, or a combination of the two methods. Balanced anesthesia is the technic in which a number of different agents are combined to produce a desired effect. Anesthetic agents can be given to produce all of these required features of general anesthesia: loss of consciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation and suppression of reflex activity. Understanding of the pharmacological features of anesthetic agents, managing and monitoring anesthesia, post-operative care and pain assessment are necessary to protect the laboratory animals from the pain and stress of surgical intervention. In this talk, we will discuss which methods are more appropriate to minimize the pain and distress associated with the experimental procedures.","PeriodicalId":75961,"journal":{"name":"Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals","volume":"68 1","pages":"S7 - S13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44795417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-PL2
Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Every year, influenza epidemics occur, causing increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable populations, such as the very young and very old. In addition, worldwide epidemics, such has the 1918 pandemic, occasionally occur. Consequently, influenza has an enormous impact on the global economy. By contrast, Ebola virus has only been recognized since 1976, and, until recently, outbreaks of this virus had caused relatively few deaths because they occurred in rural, isolated areas. However, the recent outbreak in West Africa occurred over a large, densely populated urban area and changed our understanding of what constitutes an Ebola virus outbreak. I will discuss our recent research on these viruses. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
{"title":"Plenary Lecture 2","authors":"Yoshihiro Kawaoka","doi":"10.1538/expanim.68suppl-PL2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.68suppl-PL2","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, influenza epidemics occur, causing increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable populations, such as the very young and very old. In addition, worldwide epidemics, such has the 1918 pandemic, occasionally occur. Consequently, influenza has an enormous impact on the global economy. By contrast, Ebola virus has only been recognized since 1976, and, until recently, outbreaks of this virus had caused relatively few deaths because they occurred in rural, isolated areas. However, the recent outbreak in West Africa occurred over a large, densely populated urban area and changed our understanding of what constitutes an Ebola virus outbreak. I will discuss our recent research on these viruses. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science","PeriodicalId":75961,"journal":{"name":"Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals","volume":"68 1","pages":"S5 - S5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44844997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-S3
Tomoji Mashimo
Humanized mouse in which human cells and tissues are engrafted and functioned in the mice is an important tool to mimic human physiology for biomedical and drug discovery researches. Although rodent models are generally used in preclinical studies investigating the efficacy and safety of novel drugs, they do not accurately evaluate the drug properties due to the species barrier. Non-human primates are valuable models for human diseases compared to rodents, but it is costly and requires a special breeding facility with expert for handling under strict ethical regulations. Severe combined immunodeficient NOG or NSG mice were developed independently in 2002 at CIEA or in 2005 at Jackson Laboratory. These mice exhibited multiple immunodeficiency lacking T, B and NK cells and functional defect of other innate immune cells. Therefore, the NOG or NSG mice have enabled high engraftment of primary human cells or tissues and to differentiate human T and B cells after human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, human innate immune cells including NK cells, macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, etc. do not fully differentiated in them. We aim to establish the next generation humanized mice in which various human cytokine genes are introduced to analyze human hematopoietic and immune systems and to develop human immune disease models. In the symposium, I provide an overview of the recent advances in humanized mouse technologies and applications for drug discovery in preclinical researches. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
{"title":"Symposium 3","authors":"Tomoji Mashimo","doi":"10.1538/expanim.68suppl-S3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.68suppl-S3","url":null,"abstract":"Humanized mouse in which human cells and tissues are engrafted and functioned in the mice is an important tool to mimic human physiology for biomedical and drug discovery researches. Although rodent models are generally used in preclinical studies investigating the efficacy and safety of novel drugs, they do not accurately evaluate the drug properties due to the species barrier. Non-human primates are valuable models for human diseases compared to rodents, but it is costly and requires a special breeding facility with expert for handling under strict ethical regulations. Severe combined immunodeficient NOG or NSG mice were developed independently in 2002 at CIEA or in 2005 at Jackson Laboratory. These mice exhibited multiple immunodeficiency lacking T, B and NK cells and functional defect of other innate immune cells. Therefore, the NOG or NSG mice have enabled high engraftment of primary human cells or tissues and to differentiate human T and B cells after human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, human innate immune cells including NK cells, macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, etc. do not fully differentiated in them. We aim to establish the next generation humanized mice in which various human cytokine genes are introduced to analyze human hematopoietic and immune systems and to develop human immune disease models. In the symposium, I provide an overview of the recent advances in humanized mouse technologies and applications for drug discovery in preclinical researches. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science","PeriodicalId":75961,"journal":{"name":"Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals","volume":"68 1","pages":"S19 - S21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45530094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-IA
N. Zainal, J. Chai, B. Lye, Phei Gan, N. Zulaziz, Chuan Wang, V. Sutavani, C. Ottensmeier, E. King, G. Thomas, N. Savelyeva, S. Cheong, K. Lim
Lack of effective therapies remains the biggest problem in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). More recently, antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint molecule (anti-PD1) have been developed and approved for HNC. Although the clinical activity of PD1 inhibitors is promising, most patients remain unresponsive to this therapy with objective response rates of less than 20%. Additionally, emerging data is demonstrating that a significant subset of patients who initially responded to immune checkpoint inhibitors eventually relapsed after a period of response. One of the strategies to boost the immune response from immunotherapies is combining the immune checkpoint inhibitor with a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) vaccine. This will potentially lead to the generation of antigen-specific immune response that is more durable in eradicating cancer cells in patients. We have previously identified two immunogenic TAAs that were highly expressed in HNC patients. This has led to the generation of a DNA vaccine that incorporates the full-length DNA sequences of the two TAAs (DV). The objective of our study was to determine the preclinical efficacy of DV in combination with anti-PD1 by comparing tumor growth, survival, and immune profile in mice. As syngeneic HNSCC models are limited, we used a well characterized B16/F10 melanoma model that has been widely used for immunotherapy studies and is susceptible to checkpoint inhibitors including PD1 antibody. The B16/F10 is transfected with human HLA-A2, and the two target TAA constructs to mimic the expression of these antigens in HNC. This cell line was inoculated subcutaneously into a transgenic mouse model (B6.Cg-Tg(HLA-A/H2-D)2Enge/J) that carried a chimeric HLA-A2. Anti-PD1 treatment was given intraperitoneally at the lower abdomen every 3 days starting from day 3 post-cell inoculation and DV vaccination was performed intramuscularly at both thigh muscles on days 5 and 26 postcell inoculation. Tumor measurements were made every 3-4 days. Upon termination, spleen and tumor were harvested to study the presence of immune activation. We discovered that when DV and anti-PD1 were used as a combination, a significant tumor control is achieved as compared to single treatment and control groups, indicating a synergistic effect of DV with anti-PD1. Additionally, prolonged survival was observed in mice from the combination group. Noteworthy, the combination treated animals showed an increased in antigen-specific responses by the ELISPOT assay, suggesting the tumor control and prolonged survival is due to antigen-specific immune responses. In conclusion, the use of DV and anti-PD1 has shown great potential in the combinatorial approach of immunotherapeutic, in which the two agents work synergistically in controlling tumor growth in mice model.
{"title":"International Award Lecture","authors":"N. Zainal, J. Chai, B. Lye, Phei Gan, N. Zulaziz, Chuan Wang, V. Sutavani, C. Ottensmeier, E. King, G. Thomas, N. Savelyeva, S. Cheong, K. Lim","doi":"10.1538/expanim.68suppl-IA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.68suppl-IA","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of effective therapies remains the biggest problem in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). More recently, antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint molecule (anti-PD1) have been developed and approved for HNC. Although the clinical activity of PD1 inhibitors is promising, most patients remain unresponsive to this therapy with objective response rates of less than 20%. Additionally, emerging data is demonstrating that a significant subset of patients who initially responded to immune checkpoint inhibitors eventually relapsed after a period of response. One of the strategies to boost the immune response from immunotherapies is combining the immune checkpoint inhibitor with a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) vaccine. This will potentially lead to the generation of antigen-specific immune response that is more durable in eradicating cancer cells in patients. We have previously identified two immunogenic TAAs that were highly expressed in HNC patients. This has led to the generation of a DNA vaccine that incorporates the full-length DNA sequences of the two TAAs (DV). The objective of our study was to determine the preclinical efficacy of DV in combination with anti-PD1 by comparing tumor growth, survival, and immune profile in mice. As syngeneic HNSCC models are limited, we used a well characterized B16/F10 melanoma model that has been widely used for immunotherapy studies and is susceptible to checkpoint inhibitors including PD1 antibody. The B16/F10 is transfected with human HLA-A2, and the two target TAA constructs to mimic the expression of these antigens in HNC. This cell line was inoculated subcutaneously into a transgenic mouse model (B6.Cg-Tg(HLA-A/H2-D)2Enge/J) that carried a chimeric HLA-A2. Anti-PD1 treatment was given intraperitoneally at the lower abdomen every 3 days starting from day 3 post-cell inoculation and DV vaccination was performed intramuscularly at both thigh muscles on days 5 and 26 postcell inoculation. Tumor measurements were made every 3-4 days. Upon termination, spleen and tumor were harvested to study the presence of immune activation. We discovered that when DV and anti-PD1 were used as a combination, a significant tumor control is achieved as compared to single treatment and control groups, indicating a synergistic effect of DV with anti-PD1. Additionally, prolonged survival was observed in mice from the combination group. Noteworthy, the combination treated animals showed an increased in antigen-specific responses by the ELISPOT assay, suggesting the tumor control and prolonged survival is due to antigen-specific immune responses. In conclusion, the use of DV and anti-PD1 has shown great potential in the combinatorial approach of immunotherapeutic, in which the two agents work synergistically in controlling tumor growth in mice model.","PeriodicalId":75961,"journal":{"name":"Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals","volume":"68 1","pages":"S44 - S48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1538/expanim.68suppl-IA","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47833010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-S4
Hideaki Morishita, Norito Tamura, Yuki Kanda, Yuriko Sakamaki, N. Mizushima
The discovery of Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) by Dr. Yoshinori Ohsumi opened the door to solve the molecular mechanisms of autophagy. But, the research on autophagy does not still mature, rather it contains a large number of issues that should be addressed. To date, a series of ATG genes has been identified, but working mechanism of each ATG gene product remains unclear. Moreover, while growing lines of evidence shed light on the importance of unconventional mode of autophagy such as selective autophagy, the role in our life course is still a mystery. Further, while autophagy is considered to be involved in various vital events such as cellular differentiation, stem cell homeostasis and anti-aging, those regulatory mechanisms through autophagy are still not clear. In my talk, I show the role(s) of selective autophagy on transcriptional regulation and network. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
{"title":"Symposium 4","authors":"Hideaki Morishita, Norito Tamura, Yuki Kanda, Yuriko Sakamaki, N. Mizushima","doi":"10.1538/expanim.68suppl-S4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.68suppl-S4","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) by Dr. Yoshinori Ohsumi opened the door to solve the molecular mechanisms of autophagy. But, the research on autophagy does not still mature, rather it contains a large number of issues that should be addressed. To date, a series of ATG genes has been identified, but working mechanism of each ATG gene product remains unclear. Moreover, while growing lines of evidence shed light on the importance of unconventional mode of autophagy such as selective autophagy, the role in our life course is still a mystery. Further, while autophagy is considered to be involved in various vital events such as cellular differentiation, stem cell homeostasis and anti-aging, those regulatory mechanisms through autophagy are still not clear. In my talk, I show the role(s) of selective autophagy on transcriptional regulation and network. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science","PeriodicalId":75961,"journal":{"name":"Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals","volume":"68 1","pages":"S22 - S26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48100258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-L
○Masahide Asano, ○Takashi Inoue
I have been carrying out research mainly on carbohydrate chains and histone modifications both are posttranslational modifications. The former is called a glyco-code and the latter is called a histone-code, both are not determined by genetic code. My ultimate goal is to decode these two codes and solve the mystery of life science. In our glycobiology research, we focused on galactosyltransferases (β4GalTs), consist of seven genes, involved in producing various functional carbohydrate chains. At first, we generated a KO mouse of the β 4GalT-1 gene using homologous recombination method in ES cells. β4GalT-1 KO mouse showed growth retardation after birth, short-lived, abnormal growth and differentiation of skin and small intestinal epithelial cells (EMBO J, 1997). In β4GalT-1 KO mice, expression of sialyl Le, a selectin ligand, of inflammatory cells decreased and the skin inflammatory response was attenuated, and wound healing was delayed because β 4GalT-1 is involved in the synthesis of sialyl Le (Blood, 2003, Am J Pathol, 2004). Furthermore, β4GalT-1 KO mice spontaneously developed IgA nephropathy probably due to abnormal glycosylation of IgA (Am J Pathol, 2007). Next, β4GalT-2 KO mouse was prepared and found abnormalities in spatial learning memory and coordinated movements by behavioral experiments (JBC, 2009). When β 4GalT-5 KO mouse was prepared, it was lethal at the embryonic stage. It was found that β4GalT-5 is an enzyme synthesizing LacCer (Glycobiology, 2010). Furthermore, we generated a cranial nervous system-specific β4GalT-5 and -6 double KO mice, who showed ataxia and died by 3 weeks of age (PLoS Genetics, 2018). As described above, by preparing and analyzing four kinds of β4GalT KO mice, there is a clear division of roles among them, and the galactose chains have a wide variety of physiological functions. It is my great honor to be awarded the Ando-Tajima Prize of the JALAS. I would like to thank all the members of the JALAS, and express my sincere gratitude to all the staff, graduate students, and co-workers who have carried out these researches together. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
{"title":"Congress Award Lecture","authors":"○Masahide Asano, ○Takashi Inoue","doi":"10.1538/expanim.68suppl-L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.68suppl-L","url":null,"abstract":"I have been carrying out research mainly on carbohydrate chains and histone modifications both are posttranslational modifications. The former is called a glyco-code and the latter is called a histone-code, both are not determined by genetic code. My ultimate goal is to decode these two codes and solve the mystery of life science. In our glycobiology research, we focused on galactosyltransferases (β4GalTs), consist of seven genes, involved in producing various functional carbohydrate chains. At first, we generated a KO mouse of the β 4GalT-1 gene using homologous recombination method in ES cells. β4GalT-1 KO mouse showed growth retardation after birth, short-lived, abnormal growth and differentiation of skin and small intestinal epithelial cells (EMBO J, 1997). In β4GalT-1 KO mice, expression of sialyl Le, a selectin ligand, of inflammatory cells decreased and the skin inflammatory response was attenuated, and wound healing was delayed because β 4GalT-1 is involved in the synthesis of sialyl Le (Blood, 2003, Am J Pathol, 2004). Furthermore, β4GalT-1 KO mice spontaneously developed IgA nephropathy probably due to abnormal glycosylation of IgA (Am J Pathol, 2007). Next, β4GalT-2 KO mouse was prepared and found abnormalities in spatial learning memory and coordinated movements by behavioral experiments (JBC, 2009). When β 4GalT-5 KO mouse was prepared, it was lethal at the embryonic stage. It was found that β4GalT-5 is an enzyme synthesizing LacCer (Glycobiology, 2010). Furthermore, we generated a cranial nervous system-specific β4GalT-5 and -6 double KO mice, who showed ataxia and died by 3 weeks of age (PLoS Genetics, 2018). As described above, by preparing and analyzing four kinds of β4GalT KO mice, there is a clear division of roles among them, and the galactose chains have a wide variety of physiological functions. It is my great honor to be awarded the Ando-Tajima Prize of the JALAS. I would like to thank all the members of the JALAS, and express my sincere gratitude to all the staff, graduate students, and co-workers who have carried out these researches together. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science","PeriodicalId":75961,"journal":{"name":"Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals","volume":"68 1","pages":"S1 - S3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43423348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-Y
Linda Levine Madori
• Advancing perfection and perceiving remarkable commitments made by the youthful researchers for their work done essentially during the span of study. • Find out about career advancement and the most recent research devices and technologies in your field. • Graduates are motivated by the chance to choose neighbourhood or worldwide subjects of pertinence/enthusiasm to them and build up their own logical examinations and models drawing in locally or universally. • Two researchers will be chosen for the Awards. • Chance to be a student envoy. • Chances to coordinate with partners around the world • Discounts at the PULSUS conferences, at different worldwide venues in future. • Chance to distribute full length papers in rumoured supporting international journals of respective conference • Best Young Scientist Award introduction will be named by the board and in the event that they wish to publish the full-length paper, they can publish in supporting worldwide journals of the respective conference at free of preparing charges.
{"title":"Young Scientist Award","authors":"Linda Levine Madori","doi":"10.1538/expanim.68suppl-Y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.68suppl-Y","url":null,"abstract":"• Advancing perfection and perceiving remarkable commitments made by the youthful researchers for their work done essentially during the span of study. • Find out about career advancement and the most recent research devices and technologies in your field. • Graduates are motivated by the chance to choose neighbourhood or worldwide subjects of pertinence/enthusiasm to them and build up their own logical examinations and models drawing in locally or universally. • Two researchers will be chosen for the Awards. • Chance to be a student envoy. • Chances to coordinate with partners around the world • Discounts at the PULSUS conferences, at different worldwide venues in future. • Chance to distribute full length papers in rumoured supporting international journals of respective conference • Best Young Scientist Award introduction will be named by the board and in the event that they wish to publish the full-length paper, they can publish in supporting worldwide journals of the respective conference at free of preparing charges.","PeriodicalId":75961,"journal":{"name":"Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals","volume":"68 1","pages":"S49 - S58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48491820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-31DOI: 10.1538/expanim.68suppl-PL3
Katsuhiko Hayashi
The germ cell lineage ensures the creation of new individuals, thereby perpetuating the genomic and epigenetic information across the generations. During germ cell development, biologically significant events such as meiosis and gametogenesis are tightly controlled and disorder of the events causes infertility and developmental arrest of the next generation. Generation of gametes from mouse pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), in culture is a key goal in developmental and reproductive biology. Such a culture system will provide a unique platform for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying gametogenesis. More practically, it may be an indefinite source for reproduction and preservation of animals. We recently established a culture system that induces functional mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs), origin of eggs and sperm, from ESCs/iPSCs. PGCs produced from ESCs/iPSCs are fully potent, since they differentiated into eggs and sperm by transplantation into ovary and testis, respectively, which in turn gave rise to healthy pups. Furthermore, we recently developed a culture system that reconstitutes the entire process of oogenesis from mouse pluripotent stem cells, yielding in vitro-generated eggs that gave rise to healthy offspring. In the lecture, I will introduce recent advances in reconstitution of germ cell development using ESCs/iPSCs, update current experiments to address molecular mechanisms underlying oogenesis and discuss a future direction of this technology. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
{"title":"Plenary Lecture 3","authors":"Katsuhiko Hayashi","doi":"10.1538/expanim.68suppl-PL3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.68suppl-PL3","url":null,"abstract":"The germ cell lineage ensures the creation of new individuals, thereby perpetuating the genomic and epigenetic information across the generations. During germ cell development, biologically significant events such as meiosis and gametogenesis are tightly controlled and disorder of the events causes infertility and developmental arrest of the next generation. Generation of gametes from mouse pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), in culture is a key goal in developmental and reproductive biology. Such a culture system will provide a unique platform for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying gametogenesis. More practically, it may be an indefinite source for reproduction and preservation of animals. We recently established a culture system that induces functional mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs), origin of eggs and sperm, from ESCs/iPSCs. PGCs produced from ESCs/iPSCs are fully potent, since they differentiated into eggs and sperm by transplantation into ovary and testis, respectively, which in turn gave rise to healthy pups. Furthermore, we recently developed a culture system that reconstitutes the entire process of oogenesis from mouse pluripotent stem cells, yielding in vitro-generated eggs that gave rise to healthy offspring. In the lecture, I will introduce recent advances in reconstitution of germ cell development using ESCs/iPSCs, update current experiments to address molecular mechanisms underlying oogenesis and discuss a future direction of this technology. The 66th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science","PeriodicalId":75961,"journal":{"name":"Jikken dobutsu. Experimental animals","volume":"68 1","pages":"S6 - S6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45959995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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