Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.012
Milena Stefanovа
The current research is focused on an extremely important topic in the last decade, namely, atmospheric air quality. Air quality is the subject of much discussion and attention for several key reasons: human health, environmental implications, climate change, economic challenges, legislation and regulations, and public awareness. Air pollution is a problem both locally and globally in Europe and around the world. Pollutants released into the air in one country can be transported in the atmosphere and affect air quality elsewhere. A large proportion of Europe's population lives in large cities, where levels of ozone, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter (PM) pollution often exceed permitted levels, posing a serious health risk. The problem of air pollution is particularly pronounced in large cities with intensive traffic, high population concentration and industrial areas. In cities located in hollows, such as Sofia city, air masses are trapped, which makes it difficult to diffuse the pollutants into the atmosphere. Although air quality in Sofia and other European cities has improved, the problem has worsened again in recent years. Keywords: air quality, PM10, GIS, pollution, „AirThings“ project
{"title":"Geospatial analysis of the state of the particulate matter (PM10) indicator for the city of Sofia (Bulgaria)","authors":"Milena Stefanovа","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.012","url":null,"abstract":"The current research is focused on an extremely important topic in the last decade, namely, atmospheric air quality. Air quality is the subject of much discussion and attention for several key reasons: human health, environmental implications, climate change, economic challenges, legislation and regulations, and public awareness. Air pollution is a problem both locally and globally in Europe and around the world. Pollutants released into the air in one country can be transported in the atmosphere and affect air quality elsewhere. A large proportion of Europe's population lives in large cities, where levels of ozone, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter (PM) pollution often exceed permitted levels, posing a serious health risk. The problem of air pollution is particularly pronounced in large cities with intensive traffic, high population concentration and industrial areas. In cities located in hollows, such as Sofia city, air masses are trapped, which makes it difficult to diffuse the pollutants into the atmosphere. Although air quality in Sofia and other European cities has improved, the problem has worsened again in recent years. Keywords: air quality, PM10, GIS, pollution, „AirThings“ project","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.010
O. Alabi, Abdulsamad Momoh, Hassan Isah, Jeremiah Aluwong, Paul Atteh, D. Ajibare, J. Bayei, Sarah Okoh, Tosin Olawoye, Shehu Ahmed, Babaranti Olumuyiwa
This study evaluated the efficiency and the technological gap ratios (TGRs) of the agroforestry production in the rural areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria and discussed the implication for environmental resource management. A multi-stage sampling technique was used. A total number of 120 respondents comprising of 62 (51.67%) male agroforestry farmers and 58 (48.33%) female agroforestry farmers were selected. The primary data were collected based on a well-structured and a well-designed questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the following tools: descriptive statistics, the stochastic production efficiency frontier model, the stochastic meta-efficiency frontier model, and the principal component model. Farm size, labor input, chemical input, fertilizer input, and agroforestry tree density positively contribute to the output of male and female agroforestry farmers as well as pooled data respectively. The average agroforestry farmers achieve 83.1% (male), 64.7% (female) and 72.8% (pooled) of their frontier output given their present technologies. In other words, agroforestry farms lose 16.9%, 35.3% and 27.2% of their maximum potentials output to inefficiencies. The mean technical efficiency relative to the meta-frontier was estimated to be 74%, 47% and 59% for the male and female agroforestry farmers and the pooled data respectively. Based on the estimated technological gap ratios (TGRs) of 90%, 73% and 82% for the male and female agroforestry farmers and the pooled data respectively, the average male and female agroforestry farmers and the pooled data could be more technically efficient by increasing their output and closing the gaps of 10%, 27% and 18% respectively. The study recommended that farmers should be educated about the benefits of the agroforestry production technologies. Keywords: economics, technology gap ratios, agroforestry production, stochastic meta – efficiency frontier model, gender, rural areas, resource management, Nigeria
{"title":"Efficiency and technological gap ratios of the agroforestry production in the rural areas of Kaduna state, Nigeria: the implication for environmental resource management","authors":"O. Alabi, Abdulsamad Momoh, Hassan Isah, Jeremiah Aluwong, Paul Atteh, D. Ajibare, J. Bayei, Sarah Okoh, Tosin Olawoye, Shehu Ahmed, Babaranti Olumuyiwa","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.010","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the efficiency and the technological gap ratios (TGRs) of the agroforestry production in the rural areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria and discussed the implication for environmental resource management. A multi-stage sampling technique was used. A total number of 120 respondents comprising of 62 (51.67%) male agroforestry farmers and 58 (48.33%) female agroforestry farmers were selected. The primary data were collected based on a well-structured and a well-designed questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the following tools: descriptive statistics, the stochastic production efficiency frontier model, the stochastic meta-efficiency frontier model, and the principal component model. Farm size, labor input, chemical input, fertilizer input, and agroforestry tree density positively contribute to the output of male and female agroforestry farmers as well as pooled data respectively. The average agroforestry farmers achieve 83.1% (male), 64.7% (female) and 72.8% (pooled) of their frontier output given their present technologies. In other words, agroforestry farms lose 16.9%, 35.3% and 27.2% of their maximum potentials output to inefficiencies. The mean technical efficiency relative to the meta-frontier was estimated to be 74%, 47% and 59% for the male and female agroforestry farmers and the pooled data respectively. Based on the estimated technological gap ratios (TGRs) of 90%, 73% and 82% for the male and female agroforestry farmers and the pooled data respectively, the average male and female agroforestry farmers and the pooled data could be more technically efficient by increasing their output and closing the gaps of 10%, 27% and 18% respectively. The study recommended that farmers should be educated about the benefits of the agroforestry production technologies. Keywords: economics, technology gap ratios, agroforestry production, stochastic meta – efficiency frontier model, gender, rural areas, resource management, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.006
Munir Wahab, A. Busari, Muhammed Wahab, Kaothar Modupe Idris-Adeniyi, Mary Akinfoyewa
Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) farming is practiced at subsistence level in Nigeria for supplying animal protein to rural households in spite of its huge commercial potential in terms of income. The economic viability of guinea fowl farming among the rural dwellers in the Oba Hills Forest Reserve, the Osun State, Nigeria, was investigated. A structured interview schedule was used to obtain data from 120 sampled respondents from selected communities in the forest reserve's perimeter zone. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, means, and percentages were used to analyse the data. The results of the descriptive analysis revealed that the vast majority of the respondents were middle-aged, married male Muslims with large household sizes. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the domesticated birds were kept in a free-range system, with small flock sizes, with no supplementary feeding, and veterinary care. The budgetary analysis reveals that guinea fowl farming is a profitable venture in the study area with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.78. The regression analysis results reveal that the costs of feeding and labour significantly influence the gross margin. The study concluded that, despite the fact that guinea fowl farming has an enormous economic returns potential in the study area, the rearing of the birds remains quite low. It is thus recommended that the farming households should receive a livestock extension education in order to improve their gross margin from guinea fowl farming. Keywords: Guinea fowl farming, Oba Hills Forest Reserve, budgetary analysis, rural households
{"title":"Economic assessment of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) farming among the rural households in the buffer zone of the Oba Hills Forest reserve, Nigeria","authors":"Munir Wahab, A. Busari, Muhammed Wahab, Kaothar Modupe Idris-Adeniyi, Mary Akinfoyewa","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.006","url":null,"abstract":"Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) farming is practiced at subsistence level in Nigeria for supplying animal protein to rural households in spite of its huge commercial potential in terms of income. The economic viability of guinea fowl farming among the rural dwellers in the Oba Hills Forest Reserve, the Osun State, Nigeria, was investigated. A structured interview schedule was used to obtain data from 120 sampled respondents from selected communities in the forest reserve's perimeter zone. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, means, and percentages were used to analyse the data. The results of the descriptive analysis revealed that the vast majority of the respondents were middle-aged, married male Muslims with large household sizes. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the domesticated birds were kept in a free-range system, with small flock sizes, with no supplementary feeding, and veterinary care. The budgetary analysis reveals that guinea fowl farming is a profitable venture in the study area with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.78. The regression analysis results reveal that the costs of feeding and labour significantly influence the gross margin. The study concluded that, despite the fact that guinea fowl farming has an enormous economic returns potential in the study area, the rearing of the birds remains quite low. It is thus recommended that the farming households should receive a livestock extension education in order to improve their gross margin from guinea fowl farming. Keywords: Guinea fowl farming, Oba Hills Forest Reserve, budgetary analysis, rural households","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.005
Munir Wahab, Favour Olanrewaju
The human - wildlife relationship within the boundary zone of protected biodiversity conserved areas has led to different forms of conflicts. The study undertaken in the Old Oyo National park (Nigeria) support zone areas was aimed at evaluating and determining the level of damage, and the economics loss to farmers due to a human-wildlife conflict. The research identified the locals’ attitude to wildlife conservation management and proposed a mitigating strategy for human interaction with the wildlife. Data were collected by the combination of social survey methods which involved participatory techniques such as on-site field observation, a household survey questionnaire (n =120), a key informant interview, and focus group discussions. Data were presented using a descriptive statistical test to extract information on the socio-economic conditions, including major conflicting animals, crop loss, main season of conflict, and also about the local techniques to mitigate the Human-Wildlife Conflict, the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards the effectiveness of mitigation approaches. Results revealed that the proximity of farmland to the national park is a factor determining the damage caused by the wild animals. It has also revealed that local peoples’ attitude to wildlife conservation was positive. Nevertheless, as far as farm produce was destroyed, more than 50% of the respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the park management efforts and its conflict resolution strategy. We have suggested that the meaningful involvement of the local community in the conservation administration from bottom to top levels, including an awareness campaign program will contribute towards a reduction of conflicts. The outcomes of the study will assist in changing the perceptions towards conservation in relation to the human development in the communities surrounding the protected areas. Keywords: buffer zone, crop destruction, human-wildlife interaction, habitat, management
{"title":"Influence of the Human-Wildlife Interaction in Protected Areas: A Case Study of the Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria","authors":"Munir Wahab, Favour Olanrewaju","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.005","url":null,"abstract":"The human - wildlife relationship within the boundary zone of protected biodiversity conserved areas has led to different forms of conflicts. The study undertaken in the Old Oyo National park (Nigeria) support zone areas was aimed at evaluating and determining the level of damage, and the economics loss to farmers due to a human-wildlife conflict. The research identified the locals’ attitude to wildlife conservation management and proposed a mitigating strategy for human interaction with the wildlife. Data were collected by the combination of social survey methods which involved participatory techniques such as on-site field observation, a household survey questionnaire (n =120), a key informant interview, and focus group discussions. Data were presented using a descriptive statistical test to extract information on the socio-economic conditions, including major conflicting animals, crop loss, main season of conflict, and also about the local techniques to mitigate the Human-Wildlife Conflict, the perceptions and attitudes of local people towards the effectiveness of mitigation approaches. Results revealed that the proximity of farmland to the national park is a factor determining the damage caused by the wild animals. It has also revealed that local peoples’ attitude to wildlife conservation was positive. Nevertheless, as far as farm produce was destroyed, more than 50% of the respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the park management efforts and its conflict resolution strategy. We have suggested that the meaningful involvement of the local community in the conservation administration from bottom to top levels, including an awareness campaign program will contribute towards a reduction of conflicts. The outcomes of the study will assist in changing the perceptions towards conservation in relation to the human development in the communities surrounding the protected areas. Keywords: buffer zone, crop destruction, human-wildlife interaction, habitat, management","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"2014 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.007
P. Vasilev, Daniela Atanasova
The oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Miller) is the most important essential oil crop in Bulgaria. In May 2023 in rose plantations located in the region of Zelenikovo village the rose soft scale Rhodococcus perornatus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) was found in high density of 5% infested rose bushes (Cockerell & Parrott, 1899). The rose plantations are growing within the conventional farming. Two chemical (Closer – 0.02%, 0.04% and Sivanto prime – 0.05%, 0.1%) and one biological (Naturalis – 0.1%, 0.2%) insecticides were tested against the rose soft scale. All tested products showed better results in higher concentrations. Closer indicated the fastest initial action. In the concentration of 0.04% on the 1stday after the treatment its efficacy was 100%. Sivanto prime in the concentration of 0.1% on the 5th day after the treatment showed an efficacy of 100%. The biological insecticide Naturalis had a slower action and in the concentration of 0.2% on the 7th day after the treatment its efficacy was 90%. Keywords: Rose soft-scale, Rhodococcus perornatus, Rosa damascena, damage, control
{"title":"Efficacy of some insecticides against Rhodococcus perornatus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on the oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Miller)","authors":"P. Vasilev, Daniela Atanasova","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.007","url":null,"abstract":"The oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Miller) is the most important essential oil crop in Bulgaria. In May 2023 in rose plantations located in the region of Zelenikovo village the rose soft scale Rhodococcus perornatus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) was found in high density of 5% infested rose bushes (Cockerell & Parrott, 1899). The rose plantations are growing within the conventional farming. Two chemical (Closer – 0.02%, 0.04% and Sivanto prime – 0.05%, 0.1%) and one biological (Naturalis – 0.1%, 0.2%) insecticides were tested against the rose soft scale. All tested products showed better results in higher concentrations. Closer indicated the fastest initial action. In the concentration of 0.04% on the 1stday after the treatment its efficacy was 100%. Sivanto prime in the concentration of 0.1% on the 5th day after the treatment showed an efficacy of 100%. The biological insecticide Naturalis had a slower action and in the concentration of 0.2% on the 7th day after the treatment its efficacy was 90%. Keywords: Rose soft-scale, Rhodococcus perornatus, Rosa damascena, damage, control","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.001
Hazel Mendez, D. Barrientos
Fertilization of cacao seedlings is not yet a widely accepted practice in the Philippines and research studies are needed to define sources, rates and timing of application. The use of fertilizer as an agricultural technique for supplying the nutrients necessary for the development of cacao seedling in the nursery is an option. The objective of this study was to determine how different doses of the fertilizer can affect the growth of cacao seedlings in terms of days of emergence, plant height, stem girth, and number of leaves. The study was conducted at Buhangin Baler in Aurora province, the Philippines from June 2022 to December 2022. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three treatments and four replications. The treatments were: T1 – Control (No inorganic fertilizer); T2 – Recommended Rate of Inorganic Fertilizer (RRIF) based on soil analysis result; and T3 – Double the Recommended Rate of Inorganic Fertilizer based on soil analysis result. The variant T2 or Recommended Rate of Inorganic Fertilizer applied had the best response out of the three treatments in terms of plant height, and stem girth and has a high percentage of survival after grafting and fertilization. The results showed that the grafted seedlings (BR 25 cacao variety as rootstock and Criollo cacao variety as scion) responded well in terms of plant height, and stem girth and has a high number of survival rate (60-65%) after grafting and application of 25% and 50% fertilizer. In terms of number of leaves, the grafted BR 25 cacao variety as rootstock and Criollo cacao variety as scion and grafted BR 25 cacao variety as rootstock and UF 18 cacao variety as scion were best performing at both single (T2) and double (T3) rate of fertilizers applied. Keywords: cacao seedlings, Recommended Rate of Inorganic Fertilizer, rootstock, scion
{"title":"Growth Response of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedling After an Inorganic Fertilizer Application","authors":"Hazel Mendez, D. Barrientos","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.001","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilization of cacao seedlings is not yet a widely accepted practice in the Philippines and research studies are needed to define sources, rates and timing of application. The use of fertilizer as an agricultural technique for supplying the nutrients necessary for the development of cacao seedling in the nursery is an option. The objective of this study was to determine how different doses of the fertilizer can affect the growth of cacao seedlings in terms of days of emergence, plant height, stem girth, and number of leaves. The study was conducted at Buhangin Baler in Aurora province, the Philippines from June 2022 to December 2022. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three treatments and four replications. The treatments were: T1 – Control (No inorganic fertilizer); T2 – Recommended Rate of Inorganic Fertilizer (RRIF) based on soil analysis result; and T3 – Double the Recommended Rate of Inorganic Fertilizer based on soil analysis result. The variant T2 or Recommended Rate of Inorganic Fertilizer applied had the best response out of the three treatments in terms of plant height, and stem girth and has a high percentage of survival after grafting and fertilization. The results showed that the grafted seedlings (BR 25 cacao variety as rootstock and Criollo cacao variety as scion) responded well in terms of plant height, and stem girth and has a high number of survival rate (60-65%) after grafting and application of 25% and 50% fertilizer. In terms of number of leaves, the grafted BR 25 cacao variety as rootstock and Criollo cacao variety as scion and grafted BR 25 cacao variety as rootstock and UF 18 cacao variety as scion were best performing at both single (T2) and double (T3) rate of fertilizers applied. Keywords: cacao seedlings, Recommended Rate of Inorganic Fertilizer, rootstock, scion","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"412 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.004
Adelina Harizanova
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element after oxygen in soil. Nevertheless, it was not considered essential for plant growth and development. In the last decades, many researchers have reported that silicon can mitigate to some extent the adverse effects of variable biotic and abiotic stresses caused by salinity, chilling, heating, nutritional imbalance, heavy metals, diseases, herbivores, and many others. There are different hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of the silicon mode of action. Some of them propose that the silicon treatment is probably related to the structural modification of the plant cells and tissues. Others speculate that silicon could be involved in plant metabolism. The interaction between the two mechanisms is also a very reliable hypothesis. Most of the studies focused on the influence of silicon on alleviating the negative effects of abiotic stress factors. The reports about the effect of silicon under biotic stress are not so abundant. Today, there is no doubt about the positive effect of silicon application in alleviating stress and reducing the pest and disease incidence and severity. However, the mechanisms of the silicon-induced plant responses are not yet completely clear. This motivated the current study to analyze the data presented about the silicon-induced alleviation of biotic stress. Keywords: silicon, stress, disease, pest, physical barrier, plant metabolism
{"title":"Silicon application unveiled: A review of insights into plant defense mechanisms under biotic challenges","authors":"Adelina Harizanova","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.004","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element after oxygen in soil. Nevertheless, it was not considered essential for plant growth and development. In the last decades, many researchers have reported that silicon can mitigate to some extent the adverse effects of variable biotic and abiotic stresses caused by salinity, chilling, heating, nutritional imbalance, heavy metals, diseases, herbivores, and many others. There are different hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of the silicon mode of action. Some of them propose that the silicon treatment is probably related to the structural modification of the plant cells and tissues. Others speculate that silicon could be involved in plant metabolism. The interaction between the two mechanisms is also a very reliable hypothesis. Most of the studies focused on the influence of silicon on alleviating the negative effects of abiotic stress factors. The reports about the effect of silicon under biotic stress are not so abundant. Today, there is no doubt about the positive effect of silicon application in alleviating stress and reducing the pest and disease incidence and severity. However, the mechanisms of the silicon-induced plant responses are not yet completely clear. This motivated the current study to analyze the data presented about the silicon-induced alleviation of biotic stress. Keywords: silicon, stress, disease, pest, physical barrier, plant metabolism","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"59 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.011
Milena Stefanovа
The purpose of the article is to examine, analyze and carry out a geospatial analysis of the quality of the atmospheric air and the concentration of PM10 in the city of Sofia for the period 2017-2020. The topic of the atmospheric air quality has been extremely relevant in recent years. The choice of the indicator PM10 is due to the fact that the fine dust particles with a size of 10 microns are one of the biggest air pollutants in the city of Sofia. Official data from the Environment Executive Agency was used for the purpose of the study. Through them, a specialized GIS database was created, with the help of which a geospatial analysis of the atmospheric air quality in the capital was created. Keywords: air quality, PM10, GIS, atmospheric air quality, geospatial analyses
{"title":"Analysis of concentration of PM10 on the territory of the city of Sofia (Bulgaria) for the period 2017-2020","authors":"Milena Stefanovа","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.011","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to examine, analyze and carry out a geospatial analysis of the quality of the atmospheric air and the concentration of PM10 in the city of Sofia for the period 2017-2020. The topic of the atmospheric air quality has been extremely relevant in recent years. The choice of the indicator PM10 is due to the fact that the fine dust particles with a size of 10 microns are one of the biggest air pollutants in the city of Sofia. Official data from the Environment Executive Agency was used for the purpose of the study. Through them, a specialized GIS database was created, with the help of which a geospatial analysis of the atmospheric air quality in the capital was created. Keywords: air quality, PM10, GIS, atmospheric air quality, geospatial analyses","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.002
Stefan Georgiev
The dynamics, duration and specificity of alcoholic fermentation are among the factors determining the quality of white wines. These features depend mostly on technological parameters such as temperature (16°C, 20°C) and amount of total sugars (180 g/dm³, 220 g/dm³). The aim of the current study was to assess the fermentation activity of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae from EXCELLENCE® line, intended for production of wines under Organic and National Organic Program (NOP) standards. The used yeasts have a high fermentation activity and are characterized with relatively fast alcoholic fermentation. The result showed that there was no difference in the dynamics of alcoholic fermentation of yeast strains from the used lines. The quick fermentation of sugars was observed in the initial (lag phase) and in the final stage (silent fermentation). However, the experimental variants with different sugar contents completed the process at the same time. A straightforward relationship between the fermentation of sugars and the changes in pH was not observed. According to the mass of the obtained yeast lees, there was a clear difference between all experimental variants. Nevertheless, the mass of the obtained yeast lees for all variants was lower than the normatively allowed. Keywords: yeast, alcoholic fermentation, dynamics, sugars, relative density, pH
{"title":"Dynamics of alcoholic fermentation and the quality of white organic wines produced with selected yeasts","authors":"Stefan Georgiev","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.002","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics, duration and specificity of alcoholic fermentation are among the factors determining the quality of white wines. These features depend mostly on technological parameters such as temperature (16°C, 20°C) and amount of total sugars (180 g/dm³, 220 g/dm³). The aim of the current study was to assess the fermentation activity of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae from EXCELLENCE® line, intended for production of wines under Organic and National Organic Program (NOP) standards. The used yeasts have a high fermentation activity and are characterized with relatively fast alcoholic fermentation. The result showed that there was no difference in the dynamics of alcoholic fermentation of yeast strains from the used lines. The quick fermentation of sugars was observed in the initial (lag phase) and in the final stage (silent fermentation). However, the experimental variants with different sugar contents completed the process at the same time. A straightforward relationship between the fermentation of sugars and the changes in pH was not observed. According to the mass of the obtained yeast lees, there was a clear difference between all experimental variants. Nevertheless, the mass of the obtained yeast lees for all variants was lower than the normatively allowed. Keywords: yeast, alcoholic fermentation, dynamics, sugars, relative density, pH","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.003
S. Grozeva, D. Ganeva
In the current study, a collection of forty-seven tomato accessions divided into five groups and the sensitive control MoneyMaker were evaluated based on their performance under the condition of reduced irrigation. The tomato accessions were exposed to water stress (50% reduced irrigation). The reproductive traits (flower and fruit number, fruit set) and fruit weights were used in assessing the drought tolerance. A decrease in the flower number, fruit number, the fruit set and fruit weight from 2nd to 5th inflorescence was observed in scarcity. Among the studied tomato groups, the indeterminate, the large fruited ones were the most strongly affected by the stress: reductions of 41.5% in the number of fruits and 40.0% of the average fruit weight were observed. The studied “Cherry” tomato and the accessions from Solanum pimpinellifolium L. have had a better drought tolerance compared to other groups. The cluster analysis showed that the individual accessions belonging to sensitive groups also possessed a better tolerance to water deficit. Keywords: reproductive traits, fruit weight, water stress, tomato
{"title":"Effects of the drought induced stress on the flowering and the fruit set stages in tomato collection","authors":"S. Grozeva, D. Ganeva","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2024.41.003","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, a collection of forty-seven tomato accessions divided into five groups and the sensitive control MoneyMaker were evaluated based on their performance under the condition of reduced irrigation. The tomato accessions were exposed to water stress (50% reduced irrigation). The reproductive traits (flower and fruit number, fruit set) and fruit weights were used in assessing the drought tolerance. A decrease in the flower number, fruit number, the fruit set and fruit weight from 2nd to 5th inflorescence was observed in scarcity. Among the studied tomato groups, the indeterminate, the large fruited ones were the most strongly affected by the stress: reductions of 41.5% in the number of fruits and 40.0% of the average fruit weight were observed. The studied “Cherry” tomato and the accessions from Solanum pimpinellifolium L. have had a better drought tolerance compared to other groups. The cluster analysis showed that the individual accessions belonging to sensitive groups also possessed a better tolerance to water deficit. Keywords: reproductive traits, fruit weight, water stress, tomato","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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