Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.37.004
Sonya Goranovska
In 2020 and 2021, a block trial was conducted with two herbicide preparations and four foliar feeding products for maize. The studies were carried out with maize, hybrid Knezha 509, grown under non-irrigated conditions after a wheat predecessor. The effect of the combined application of the herbicide preparations Stomp new 330 EK and Hemniko 24 SK and of the foliar microelement fertilizers for maize, Amalgerol, Vertex high N-34 and Foliar extra was studied. The influence of the studied treatment systems on maize height and grain yield was established. For the conditions of the experiment, the plants treated with a tank mixture of Hemniko 24 SC at a dose of 21 ml/da and Amalgerol at a dose of 500 ml/da had the highest height. The increase compared to economic control is 6.46% (for 2020) and 7.3% (for 2021). The highest grain yield (average for the study period) – 643.9 kg/da was obtained from the same variant of the experiment, and the increase compared to the economic control was 12.91%.
在2020年和2021年，对玉米进行了两种除草剂制剂和四种叶面饲喂产品的批量试验。这些研究是用杂交玉米Knezha 509进行的，它是在小麦的前身之后在无灌溉条件下生长的。研究了除草剂制剂Stomp new 330 EK和Hemniko 24 SK与叶面微量元素肥对玉米、Amalgerol、Vertex high N-34和foliar extra的配施效果。确定了不同处理制度对玉米株高和产量的影响。在实验条件下，用21 ml/da剂量的Hemniko 24 SC和500 ml/da剂量的Amalgerol混合液处理的植株高度最高。与经济控制相比，增长率分别为6.46%(2020年)和7.3%(2021年)。同一品种籽粒产量最高(研究期平均)为643.9 kg/da，较经济对照增产12.91%。
{"title":"Effect of combined application of herbicides and foliar fertilizers on growth, development and yield of Knezha 509 maize hybrid","authors":"Sonya Goranovska","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.37.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.37.004","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020 and 2021, a block trial was conducted with two herbicide preparations and four foliar feeding products for maize. The studies were carried out with maize, hybrid Knezha 509, grown under non-irrigated conditions after a wheat predecessor. The effect of the combined application of the herbicide preparations Stomp new 330 EK and Hemniko 24 SK and of the foliar microelement fertilizers for maize, Amalgerol, Vertex high N-34 and Foliar extra was studied. The influence of the studied treatment systems on maize height and grain yield was established. For the conditions of the experiment, the plants treated with a tank mixture of Hemniko 24 SC at a dose of 21 ml/da and Amalgerol at a dose of 500 ml/da had the highest height. The increase compared to economic control is 6.46% (for 2020) and 7.3% (for 2021). The highest grain yield (average for the study period) – 643.9 kg/da was obtained from the same variant of the experiment, and the increase compared to the economic control was 12.91%.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73381504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.37.009
N. Piperkova
An investigation of water relations, leaf gas-exchange and elemental composition of healthy (control) and naturally infected with Taphrina deformans peach leaves was carried out. It was established that the water content and water potential were significantly higher in the infected leaves, while the relative water content and transpiration rate were not changed. The dark period respiration rate of infected leaves increased dramatically but the gross photosynthesis rate was strongly inhibited. The phosphorus and potassium content of infected leaves was higher than in the healthy leaves, but the content of other analysed elements diminished at different extent. The current work presents the results of the study related to the changes in water status, CO2 exchange rate and elemental composition of T. deformans-infected peach leaves.
{"title":"Changes in water relations, leaf gas exchange and elemental composition of peach leaves infected with Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul","authors":"N. Piperkova","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.37.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.37.009","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation of water relations, leaf gas-exchange and elemental composition of healthy (control) and naturally infected with Taphrina deformans peach leaves was carried out. It was established that the water content and water potential were significantly higher in the infected leaves, while the relative water content and transpiration rate were not changed. The dark period respiration rate of infected leaves increased dramatically but the gross photosynthesis rate was strongly inhibited. The phosphorus and potassium content of infected leaves was higher than in the healthy leaves, but the content of other analysed elements diminished at different extent. The current work presents the results of the study related to the changes in water status, CO2 exchange rate and elemental composition of T. deformans-infected peach leaves.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90654336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.37.007
G. Ivanov
Conventional robotic systems in agriculture are driven by operator control or are those that move along an established path. Unfortunately, however, in the field an established path is a very conditional concept. It is not possible to fix the route along which the robot will move, because different crops alternate on the same field. It is necessary to assess whether the robot is taking samples from the terrain and the crop, whether it will perform a plant protection event or other type of operation. Plant protection operations are accompanied by a constant change in the mass of the agricultural robot. During the operation, the mass of the sprayed solution decreases. This change leads to a decrease in its resistance. In order to be able to design an agricultural robot, it is necessary to establish its stability in different terrains. This article discusses the main points in determining the longitudinal sustainability of agricultural robots. Dependencies for the conditions of sustainability of the agricultural robot when climbing and descending are derived. The article is an overview and helps to determine the robot’s resilience faster.
{"title":"Study of agrorobot resistance to movement during plant protection operations","authors":"G. Ivanov","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.37.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.37.007","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional robotic systems in agriculture are driven by operator control or are those that move along an established path. Unfortunately, however, in the field an established path is a very conditional concept. It is not possible to fix the route along which the robot will move, because different crops alternate on the same field. It is necessary to assess whether the robot is taking samples from the terrain and the crop, whether it will perform a plant protection event or other type of operation. Plant protection operations are accompanied by a constant change in the mass of the agricultural robot. During the operation, the mass of the sprayed solution decreases. This change leads to a decrease in its resistance. In order to be able to design an agricultural robot, it is necessary to establish its stability in different terrains. This article discusses the main points in determining the longitudinal sustainability of agricultural robots. Dependencies for the conditions of sustainability of the agricultural robot when climbing and descending are derived. The article is an overview and helps to determine the robot’s resilience faster.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87109818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.007
D. Ganchev
The electrical conductivity of several rock meal based fertilizers with expressed ISR activity, measured as voltage dropping when their distilled water solution was affected with low – voltage electric currents of 5 volts (DC and AC) was examined. For comparison, hard and soft tap water (with 196 and 65 ppm CaCO3 hardness), 1% distilled water solutions of NaCL and CuSO4.5H2O solution and 0.1% solution of organosilicone surfactant were also tested in the conducted trials. The result shows that hard water, solutions of NaCL and CuSO4.5H2O and solutions of fertilizers with fulvic acids content can cause drops in the voltage of electric currents. The same results were received for the fertilizer on the basis of K2O, SiO2, Cu, although other products with similar content do not cause a voltage decrease. There were no differences in the conducted tests between the DC and AC electric currents.
{"title":"Voltage dependence of rock meal based foliar fertilizers with ISR properties, water solutions","authors":"D. Ganchev","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.007","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical conductivity of several rock meal based fertilizers with expressed ISR activity, measured as voltage dropping when their distilled water solution was affected with low – voltage electric currents of 5 volts (DC and AC) was examined. For comparison, hard and soft tap water (with 196 and 65 ppm CaCO3 hardness), 1% distilled water solutions of NaCL and CuSO4.5H2O solution and 0.1% solution of organosilicone surfactant were also tested in the conducted trials. The result shows that hard water, solutions of NaCL and CuSO4.5H2O and solutions of fertilizers with fulvic acids content can cause drops in the voltage of electric currents. The same results were received for the fertilizer on the basis of K2O, SiO2, Cu, although other products with similar content do not cause a voltage decrease. There were no differences in the conducted tests between the DC and AC electric currents.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79935427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.008
Nevin Emin, K. Dimitrova, Y. Kartalska
In this study, epiphytic fungi were isolated from wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L) and a polyphasic approach for their identification was applied. The initial morphological characterisation was done on selected twenty-tree strains and continued with their identification based on the carbon utilisation pattern according to the Biolog OmniLog system protocol (Hayward, CA, USA). Throughout the isolated strains, the Biolog data indicated predominance of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The carbon utilisation pattern of five strains assigned them to several different from aforementioned genera and due to their scarcity they were not included in the current study. The indicated by the Biolog genus designation of the strains was used as a guideline for the further molecular identification of seventeen strains from the predominant genera. Molecular identification was based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal primers, which targeted the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA gene. The PCR fragments were sequenced and after applying a BLAST algorithm, a high percentage of similarity was found for eleven strains. At the species level, the Biolog and molecular technique showed a discrepancy in the identification of two strains. The procedure of identification was unsuccessful for six strains either due to insufficient quantity of the PCR product or the lack of sufficient similarity of the fragments to the GenBank database. Current study showed that the unbiased identification of epiphytic fungi requires a polyphasic approach, which applies morphological, physiological and molecular techniques.
本研究从小麦种子(Triticum aestivum L)中分离得到附生真菌，并采用多相法对其进行鉴定。对选定的20株菌株进行了初始形态表征，并根据Biolog OmniLog系统协议(Hayward, CA, USA)的碳利用模式继续进行鉴定。在所有分离菌株中，生物学数据显示曲霉属、青霉属和镰刀菌属占优势。5个菌株的碳利用模式将它们划分为与上述属不同的几个属，由于它们的稀缺性，它们未被纳入本研究。该菌株的Biolog属标记可作为优势属中17株菌株进一步分子鉴定的指导。分子鉴定基于rDNA基因内部转录间隔区(ITS)的聚合酶链反应(PCR)和通用引物。采用BLAST算法对PCR片段进行测序，发现11株菌株具有较高的相似性。在种水平上，两种菌株的生物学和分子鉴定存在差异。由于PCR产物数量不足或片段与GenBank数据库缺乏足够的相似性，6株菌株的鉴定过程失败。目前的研究表明，附生真菌的公正鉴定需要多相方法，包括形态学、生理学和分子技术。
{"title":"Application of polyphasic approach for identification of epiphytic fungi isolated from wheat grains","authors":"Nevin Emin, K. Dimitrova, Y. Kartalska","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.008","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, epiphytic fungi were isolated from wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L) and a polyphasic approach for their identification was applied. The initial morphological characterisation was done on selected twenty-tree strains and continued with their identification based on the carbon utilisation pattern according to the Biolog OmniLog system protocol (Hayward, CA, USA). Throughout the isolated strains, the Biolog data indicated predominance of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The carbon utilisation pattern of five strains assigned them to several different from aforementioned genera and due to their scarcity they were not included in the current study. The indicated by the Biolog genus designation of the strains was used as a guideline for the further molecular identification of seventeen strains from the predominant genera. Molecular identification was based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal primers, which targeted the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA gene. The PCR fragments were sequenced and after applying a BLAST algorithm, a high percentage of similarity was found for eleven strains. At the species level, the Biolog and molecular technique showed a discrepancy in the identification of two strains. The procedure of identification was unsuccessful for six strains either due to insufficient quantity of the PCR product or the lack of sufficient similarity of the fragments to the GenBank database. Current study showed that the unbiased identification of epiphytic fungi requires a polyphasic approach, which applies morphological, physiological and molecular techniques.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77873088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.005
Sofiya Petrova
The grain legume crops are an important component of agricultural biodiversity and food security, because of the rich protein food and fodder, and a source of income. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the agro-morphological diversity of three alternative grain legume crops (Cicer arietinum L., Lathyrus sp. L. and Vicia ervilia L.) and to select the best accessions with a high yield potential. The assessment of the agro-morphological traits was performed according to the International Descriptors’ of each crop. High variation for Lathyrus sp. L. accessions was observed in the following agronomic traits: plant height, height to the first pod, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, mass of grains per plant and mass of 100 grains; for Cicer arietinum L. - number of grains per plant and mass of grains per plant and for Vicia ervilia L. - height to the first pod, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant and mass of grains per plant. The variability of quantitative traits has shown a high genetic diversity in the evaluated accessions from alternative grain legume collections. The group of early grasspea accessions embraced twelve accessions. Three local chickpea populations had the shortest vegetative period from 86.7 days. Two bitter vetch accessions from the early group possessed positive yield traits. Based on the results obtained from this study, the best accessions were selected, for example: from Cicer arietinum L. - seven accessions; from Lathyrus sp. L. – five accessions and from Vicia ervilia L. – five accessions. According to these results, it can be concluded that the best accessions will be used for the next experimental trials and will be recommended to all interested researchers, breeders and farmers.
豆类作物是农业生物多样性和粮食安全的重要组成部分，因为它是富含蛋白质的食物和饲料，也是收入来源。本研究的目的是评价3种豆科作物(红豆、红豆和紫豆)的农业形态多样性，并筛选具有高产潜力的最佳材料。根据各作物的国际描述符对其农业形态性状进行评价。在株高、第一荚高、单株荚果数、单株粒数、单株粒数、单株粒质量和百粒质量等农艺性状上，各材料变异较大;苜蓿的单株粒数和单株粒质量，苜蓿的单株粒高、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒质量。豆科杂交种的数量性状变异表现出较高的遗传多样性。这组早期草种共有12种。3个地方鹰嘴豆群体的营养期最短，为86.7 d。早期组的2个苦豌豆品种具有正的产量性状。根据本研究的结果，筛选出了最佳材料，如:从西芹(Cicer arietinum L.) - 7个材料;来自Lathyrus sp. L. -五份，来自Vicia ervilia L. -五份。根据这些结果，可以得出结论，最好的材料将用于下一步的试验，并将推荐给所有感兴趣的研究人员、育种者和农民。
{"title":"Agro-morphological assessment of three alternative grain legume crops","authors":"Sofiya Petrova","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.005","url":null,"abstract":"The grain legume crops are an important component of agricultural biodiversity and food security, because of the rich protein food and fodder, and a source of income. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the agro-morphological diversity of three alternative grain legume crops (Cicer arietinum L., Lathyrus sp. L. and Vicia ervilia L.) and to select the best accessions with a high yield potential. The assessment of the agro-morphological traits was performed according to the International Descriptors’ of each crop. High variation for Lathyrus sp. L. accessions was observed in the following agronomic traits: plant height, height to the first pod, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, mass of grains per plant and mass of 100 grains; for Cicer arietinum L. - number of grains per plant and mass of grains per plant and for Vicia ervilia L. - height to the first pod, number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant and mass of grains per plant. The variability of quantitative traits has shown a high genetic diversity in the evaluated accessions from alternative grain legume collections. The group of early grasspea accessions embraced twelve accessions. Three local chickpea populations had the shortest vegetative period from 86.7 days. Two bitter vetch accessions from the early group possessed positive yield traits. Based on the results obtained from this study, the best accessions were selected, for example: from Cicer arietinum L. - seven accessions; from Lathyrus sp. L. – five accessions and from Vicia ervilia L. – five accessions. According to these results, it can be concluded that the best accessions will be used for the next experimental trials and will be recommended to all interested researchers, breeders and farmers.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88737936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.001
The experiment was carried out in the conventional and organic experimental fields of the Institute of Agriculture - Karnobat, in the period 2019 - 2022. The aim of the experiment was to study the influence of weed infestation and cropping system of pea (Pisum sativum (Linn.)) on the beneficial and harmful entomofauna. Six and seven species of insects from seven families and three orders were found to damage pea in organic and conventional farming, respectively. Their density was higher in conventional farming. The most economically important and the most widespread pest in both types of cropping was the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776). Of the beneficial insects, thirteen species were found in pea in organic and eleven in conventional farming, from eight families and five orders. Greater species diversity and higher numbers were observed in organically grown pea during all four years of the study. The absence of herbicide treatment in organic farming and the presence of more blooming vegetation stimulate the multiplication of beneficial entomofauna, regulating the population density of the aphids in pea. The correlations between the blooming vegetation and the beneficial entomofauna and between the beneficial and harmful entomofauna have been demonstrated.
{"title":"The influence of weed infestation and pea (Pisum sativum (Linn.)) cropping system on the beneficial and harmful entomofauna","authors":"","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.001","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out in the conventional and organic experimental fields of the Institute of Agriculture - Karnobat, in the period 2019 - 2022. The aim of the experiment was to study the influence of weed infestation and cropping system of pea (Pisum sativum (Linn.)) on the beneficial and harmful entomofauna. Six and seven species of insects from seven families and three orders were found to damage pea in organic and conventional farming, respectively. Their density was higher in conventional farming. The most economically important and the most widespread pest in both types of cropping was the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776). Of the beneficial insects, thirteen species were found in pea in organic and eleven in conventional farming, from eight families and five orders. Greater species diversity and higher numbers were observed in organically grown pea during all four years of the study. The absence of herbicide treatment in organic farming and the presence of more blooming vegetation stimulate the multiplication of beneficial entomofauna, regulating the population density of the aphids in pea. The correlations between the blooming vegetation and the beneficial entomofauna and between the beneficial and harmful entomofauna have been demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73717859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.002
M. D. Tambi, Kaseh Edward Bobuin
The objectives targeted in this study are: to identify the drivers of the semi-subsistence Irish potato production; to evaluate the effect of the semi-subsistence Irish potato production on the farmer’s economic well-being and to identify the constraints associated with the semi-subsistence Irish potato production in Santa, Cameroon. The study made use of a Cobb Douglas production function to analyze the results. Primary data was collected via simple random sampling. The results showed that startup capital, quantity of seeds planted, quantity of fertilizer applied, level of education, labour input per season and pesticide usage all had a positive and significant effect on the quantity of Irish potato produced. It was also observed that the semi-subsistence Irish potato production had a positive effect on the farmer’s economic well-being. Further, insufficient capital, climate variability, fluctuation in market price, poor farm to market roads, lack of improved seed varieties, high cost of input, pest and disease are the major constraints to the Irish potato production. The study suggests that the Irish potato production should be encouraged in Santa by focusing more on its specific determinants.
{"title":"Production Function Analysis for the Semi-Subsistence Irish Potato Production Systems and the Farmers’ Economic Well-Being in Santa, Cameroon","authors":"M. D. Tambi, Kaseh Edward Bobuin","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.002","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives targeted in this study are: to identify the drivers of the semi-subsistence Irish potato production; to evaluate the effect of the semi-subsistence Irish potato production on the farmer’s economic well-being and to identify the constraints associated with the semi-subsistence Irish potato production in Santa, Cameroon. The study made use of a Cobb Douglas production function to analyze the results. Primary data was collected via simple random sampling. The results showed that startup capital, quantity of seeds planted, quantity of fertilizer applied, level of education, labour input per season and pesticide usage all had a positive and significant effect on the quantity of Irish potato produced. It was also observed that the semi-subsistence Irish potato production had a positive effect on the farmer’s economic well-being. Further, insufficient capital, climate variability, fluctuation in market price, poor farm to market roads, lack of improved seed varieties, high cost of input, pest and disease are the major constraints to the Irish potato production. The study suggests that the Irish potato production should be encouraged in Santa by focusing more on its specific determinants.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78838632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.003
K. Affinnih
Response of potassium (K) correlated with extracted K using five laboratory methods: neutral N NH4OAc pH 7.0; NH4OAc pH 4.8, 0.01M CaCl2, 1N Hot HNO3 and 0.5N NaHCO3 pH 7.0 by sorghum were determined in four selected soils from twenty locations in Kwara State, Nigeria in the green house to ascertain the ideal procedure for routine analysis. Regression equations were derived for each soil between K uptake by sorghum and level of K applied and, by extrapolation, the A-value, which represented the amount of soil K available as applied K, was determined. The data from the five laboratory methods were correlated with A-value, the zero-level K uptake, and with one another. The results showed that 0.01M CaCl2 only, extracted more K than the A-value, which was greater than the K extracted by the other methods. The data of all methods were, however, significantly correlated (p<0.05) with A-value while zero-level K uptake had a highly significant correlation with data of 0.01M CaCl2 (0.99) and low values with that of the other methods. The neutral normal NH4OAc pH 7.0 correlated relatively high and positively with N NH4OAc pH 4.8, 0.01M CaCl2, and 0.5N NaHCO3 pH 7.0, but negatively (-0.60) with 1N Hot HNO3. However, the neutral N NH4OAc pH 7.0; NH4OAc pH 4.8 correlated relatively higher and positively with one another (0.93) although they both extracted unequal amounts of K. Thus, both could be conveniently handled in the routine work in place of hot 1 N HNO3 for the evaluation of K availability indices for sorghum in the region.
{"title":"Assessment of extractants for soil available potassium determination in the selected soils of Kwara state, Nigeria","authors":"K. Affinnih","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.003","url":null,"abstract":"Response of potassium (K) correlated with extracted K using five laboratory methods: neutral N NH4OAc pH 7.0; NH4OAc pH 4.8, 0.01M CaCl2, 1N Hot HNO3 and 0.5N NaHCO3 pH 7.0 by sorghum were determined in four selected soils from twenty locations in Kwara State, Nigeria in the green house to ascertain the ideal procedure for routine analysis. Regression equations were derived for each soil between K uptake by sorghum and level of K applied and, by extrapolation, the A-value, which represented the amount of soil K available as applied K, was determined. The data from the five laboratory methods were correlated with A-value, the zero-level K uptake, and with one another. The results showed that 0.01M CaCl2 only, extracted more K than the A-value, which was greater than the K extracted by the other methods. The data of all methods were, however, significantly correlated (p<0.05) with A-value while zero-level K uptake had a highly significant correlation with data of 0.01M CaCl2 (0.99) and low values with that of the other methods. The neutral normal NH4OAc pH 7.0 correlated relatively high and positively with N NH4OAc pH 4.8, 0.01M CaCl2, and 0.5N NaHCO3 pH 7.0, but negatively (-0.60) with 1N Hot HNO3. However, the neutral N NH4OAc pH 7.0; NH4OAc pH 4.8 correlated relatively higher and positively with one another (0.93) although they both extracted unequal amounts of K. Thus, both could be conveniently handled in the routine work in place of hot 1 N HNO3 for the evaluation of K availability indices for sorghum in the region.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73095085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.006
Comparative research has been conducted to determine the content of heavy metals and the chemical composition of yarrow oils, as well as to identify the possibility of yarrow growth on soils contaminated by heavy metals. The experimental plots were situated at different distances of 0.5 km and 15 km, respectively, from the source of pollution, the Non-Ferrous-Metal Works (MFMW) near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. On reaching the flowering stage, the yarrow plants were gathered. The content of heavy metals in flowers was determined by microwave mineralization and analyzed by ICP. The oils were obtained from the flowers of the plant by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Heavy metals do not affect the development of yarrow and the quality and quantity of oil obtained from it. The heavy metal content of yarrow essential oil is very low and is not affected by the degree of heavy metal contamination of the soil. Twenty components were identified in oils. In yarrow oil, the highest content was oxygenated sesquiterpenes (36-38%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (24-25%), oxygenated monoterpenes (20-21%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (17-19%). For the first time, it is reported yarrow oil with mixed α-bisabolol oxide B, α-bisabolol, and β-caryophyllene chemotype. The essential oil of yarrow can be a valuable product for the farmers from polluted regions.
{"title":"Heavy metal accumulation and chemical composition of the essential oils of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) cultivated on heavy metal-contaminated soils","authors":"","doi":"10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2023.36.006","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative research has been conducted to determine the content of heavy metals and the chemical composition of yarrow oils, as well as to identify the possibility of yarrow growth on soils contaminated by heavy metals. The experimental plots were situated at different distances of 0.5 km and 15 km, respectively, from the source of pollution, the Non-Ferrous-Metal Works (MFMW) near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. On reaching the flowering stage, the yarrow plants were gathered. The content of heavy metals in flowers was determined by microwave mineralization and analyzed by ICP. The oils were obtained from the flowers of the plant by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Heavy metals do not affect the development of yarrow and the quality and quantity of oil obtained from it. The heavy metal content of yarrow essential oil is very low and is not affected by the degree of heavy metal contamination of the soil. Twenty components were identified in oils. In yarrow oil, the highest content was oxygenated sesquiterpenes (36-38%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (24-25%), oxygenated monoterpenes (20-21%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (17-19%). For the first time, it is reported yarrow oil with mixed α-bisabolol oxide B, α-bisabolol, and β-caryophyllene chemotype. The essential oil of yarrow can be a valuable product for the farmers from polluted regions.","PeriodicalId":7600,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82779572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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