Pub Date : 2017-03-30DOI: 10.1007/s11265-017-1241-y
{"title":"Editorial Note","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11265-017-1241-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-017-1241-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"87 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11265-017-1241-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52579604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_101082
{"title":"Reference Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_101082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_101082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"BME-14 1","pages":"1759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51005576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-13DOI: 10.1136/THORAXJNL-2015-207103
A. Bush, I. Pavord
Two vast collective family sighs of relief from Oxford and London were heard this month as news of the appointment of the new editorial team for Thorax was …
这个月，牛津和伦敦的两个家庭集体松了一口气，因为《Thorax》新编辑团队被任命的消息是……
{"title":"Ring in the new","authors":"A. Bush, I. Pavord","doi":"10.1136/THORAXJNL-2015-207103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/THORAXJNL-2015-207103","url":null,"abstract":"Two vast collective family sighs of relief from Oxford and London were heard this month as news of the appointment of the new editorial team for Thorax was …","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"70 1","pages":"403 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/THORAXJNL-2015-207103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64044228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karl Popper's most distinctive contribution to the episte mology of science was his contention (itself an hypothesis) that sound scientific knowledge is based on the develop ment of testable hypotheses, that may then be falsified by the new evidence that emerges from the process of testing. His Logik der Forschung (1934) has been both translated1 and elucidated for the general reader2 by Popper himself, and vested with elegance and plausibility by Peter Medawar in Pluto's Republic*. Imaginative hypothesis followed by meticulous testing for concordance with what is already known, or ascertainable by trial (Popper's 'hypotheticodeductive process') is probably closer to the reality of scien tific discovery than the alternative model of Baconian induction from raw facts. It is also appealing, in asserting the importance of imagination in science, in contrast to the 'dry-as-dust' stereotype that is all too prevalent among those whose acquaintance with actual scientists is limited. The story of science blazes with what Michael Polanyi called 'passion and controversy"1. Moreover, Popper's model emphasises the provisional or contingent nature of scientif ic knowledge even a Newton awaits his Einstein, and any beautiful theory is vulnerable to an ugly fact. A scientist who embraces hubris is living beyond his intellectual means. Nevertheless, total surrender to the scepticism that is theoretically demanded of the scientist is in itself unwise; there are degrees of probability so high that pragmatically, though not in absolute theory, they carry virtual certainty as Henry Harris puts it: 'I do not believe that it will ever be shown that the blood of animals does not circulate; that anthrax is not caused by a bacterium; that proteins are not chains of amino-acids'5. Of course, these examples are matters of direct observation (once you know how), and not to be confused with the broad paradigms that concern the philosopher of science, and which are subject to radical changes, or 'revolutions'6 at (fortunately) long intervals. Active scientists are in general indifferent to the origin and even the validity of the conceptual framework that they accept and within which they work as Medawar pithily puts it: 'the history of science bores most scientists stiff. A great many highly creative scientists... take it quite for granted, though they are usually too polite or too ashamed to say so, that an interest in the history of science is a sign of failing or of unawakened powers'3. Happily, a flawed framework does not prevent all accretion of knowledge through observation. The Greeks could add to physical science within a framework tom between Leucippus' atoms in a void and the four elements of Empedocles; somewhat
{"title":"The Limitations of Evidence","authors":"D. Black","doi":"10.1353/PBM.1998.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/PBM.1998.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Karl Popper's most distinctive contribution to the episte mology of science was his contention (itself an hypothesis) that sound scientific knowledge is based on the develop ment of testable hypotheses, that may then be falsified by the new evidence that emerges from the process of testing. His Logik der Forschung (1934) has been both translated1 and elucidated for the general reader2 by Popper himself, and vested with elegance and plausibility by Peter Medawar in Pluto's Republic*. Imaginative hypothesis followed by meticulous testing for concordance with what is already known, or ascertainable by trial (Popper's 'hypotheticodeductive process') is probably closer to the reality of scien tific discovery than the alternative model of Baconian induction from raw facts. It is also appealing, in asserting the importance of imagination in science, in contrast to the 'dry-as-dust' stereotype that is all too prevalent among those whose acquaintance with actual scientists is limited. The story of science blazes with what Michael Polanyi called 'passion and controversy\"1. Moreover, Popper's model emphasises the provisional or contingent nature of scientif ic knowledge even a Newton awaits his Einstein, and any beautiful theory is vulnerable to an ugly fact. A scientist who embraces hubris is living beyond his intellectual means. Nevertheless, total surrender to the scepticism that is theoretically demanded of the scientist is in itself unwise; there are degrees of probability so high that pragmatically, though not in absolute theory, they carry virtual certainty as Henry Harris puts it: 'I do not believe that it will ever be shown that the blood of animals does not circulate; that anthrax is not caused by a bacterium; that proteins are not chains of amino-acids'5. Of course, these examples are matters of direct observation (once you know how), and not to be confused with the broad paradigms that concern the philosopher of science, and which are subject to radical changes, or 'revolutions'6 at (fortunately) long intervals. Active scientists are in general indifferent to the origin and even the validity of the conceptual framework that they accept and within which they work as Medawar pithily puts it: 'the history of science bores most scientists stiff. A great many highly creative scientists... take it quite for granted, though they are usually too polite or too ashamed to say so, that an interest in the history of science is a sign of failing or of unawakened powers'3. Happily, a flawed framework does not prevent all accretion of knowledge through observation. The Greeks could add to physical science within a framework tom between Leucippus' atoms in a void and the four elements of Empedocles; somewhat","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"32 1","pages":"23 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/PBM.1998.0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66514691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_100674
G. Shafer
{"title":"Decision Making","authors":"G. Shafer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_100674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_100674","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"28 2","pages":"183-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50979017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84800-934-9_16
G. Hughes, M. Khamashta
{"title":"The Antiphospholipid Syndrome","authors":"G. Hughes, M. Khamashta","doi":"10.1007/978-1-84800-934-9_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-934-9_16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"28 1","pages":"301-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-1-84800-934-9_16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51065349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-06-13DOI: 10.1126/science.320.5882.1392g
M. Bliss
{"title":"The Fat Controller","authors":"M. Bliss","doi":"10.1126/science.320.5882.1392g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.320.5882.1392g","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"32 1","pages":"275 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1126/science.320.5882.1392g","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64390776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.5005/JP/BOOKS/10282_48
K. Tripathi
{"title":"Drugs for Peptic Ulcer","authors":"K. Tripathi","doi":"10.5005/JP/BOOKS/10282_48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/JP/BOOKS/10282_48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"1 1","pages":"625-625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70689843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1002/9781118321386.CH113
E. Tiensuu Janson, K. Öberg
{"title":"The carcinoid syndrome","authors":"E. Tiensuu Janson, K. Öberg","doi":"10.1002/9781118321386.CH113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118321386.CH113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"15 3","pages":"823-830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50708948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1258/0004563053026943
Ji Logan
Editor?Dr Walshe (July/August pages 280-8) suggests that 'a deficiency, or even complete absence [of caeruloplasmin], is not necessarily associated with anaemia or any other disease'. This is not correct. Of the nine patients with complete hereditary caeruloplasmin deficiency so far described [1-4], six have had anaemia (two normal, one result not given), all have had a low serum iron, eight have had a high serum ferritin (one result not given), eight have had increased liver iron (one result not given) and seven have had abnormal CT or MRI scans of
{"title":"Copper Deficiency","authors":"Ji Logan","doi":"10.1258/0004563053026943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1258/0004563053026943","url":null,"abstract":"Editor?Dr Walshe (July/August pages 280-8) suggests that 'a deficiency, or even complete absence [of caeruloplasmin], is not necessarily associated with anaemia or any other disease'. This is not correct. Of the nine patients with complete hereditary caeruloplasmin deficiency so far described [1-4], six have had anaemia (two normal, one result not given), all have had a low serum iron, eight have had a high serum ferritin (one result not given), eight have had increased liver iron (one result not given) and seven have had abnormal CT or MRI scans of","PeriodicalId":76057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London","volume":"29 1","pages":"449 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1258/0004563053026943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66310350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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