Kango kenkyu. The Japanese journal of nursing research最新文献

The purpose of this study is to identify Miss Florence Nightingale's concept of home nursing in the 19th century. The texts of her 27 writings were analyzed in terms of home nursing. In her writings of 1850's, she discussed patients' own homes as well as hospitals as the settings where nursing care should be provided. "Hospitals are an intermediate stage of civilization" was the recognition which formed the core of her philosophy. Miss Nightingale envisaged "nursing care provided to individuals in their own homes" was more desirable and could replace hospitalization. If in their own homes, patients could be helped to feel the everydayness and independency of their life. Miss Nightingale thought, a concept very similar to the concept of normalization of today. In her later years she expressed that she expected home nursing could become and everyday fact. Miss Nightingale used the term "home nursing" as early as 1900 in the same sense as it is today, the concept of home combined to that of nursing. It is one of the findings that should be noted in the history of home nursing.

The relationship of time perception, maternal tasks, and maternal role behavior was examined in 140 pregnant Japanese women with a short-term longitudinal design. A model developed by Rubin provided the conceptual framework for this research. The Time Perception Scale. Time Production Method, and the Prefatory Maternal Response measured the study variables. Study results revealed significant differences in duration of time, time production, maternal-fetal attachment, and maternal role behavior before and after quickening(fetal movement)occurred. Medium to strong positive relationships among time orientation, maternal-fetal attachment, gratification, and maternal role behavior were found before and after movement. After quickening, a weak relationship between time orientation and duration was found. After controlling maternal-fetal attachment and gratification in pregnancy and maternal role, orientation in time perception accounted for significant amounts of variance in maternal role behavior before and after fetal movement. Results show that the process of becoming a mother, which started before quickening, increased in magnitude after fetal movement. The function of fetal movement is important in developing motherhood. In the process of becoming a mother, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects in becoming a mother are inseparable from each other. Future orientation of time perception contributes to development of maternal role behavior. Having a future orientation during pregnancy may indicate hope or positive expectation. Based on these findings, several recommendations were proposed: (a)to study further the general process of becoming a mother and the role of time perception in developing motherhood, (b)to disseminate information to the general public about the process in development of motherhood, (c)to construct theory to explain the process of becoming a mother, and(d)to conduct future research to clarify the construct of time perception and attachment.

Objectives: This study developed a measure of the degree of the effect of urinary incontinence on female sexuality and tested the reliability and validity of the developed measure. Effect of Urinary Incontinence on Sexuality Questionnaire (EISQ).

Methods: The EISQ was developed from a thorough literature review and interviews of 20 individuals with urinary incontinence who said their incontinence had affected their dyadic relationship. These items were submitted to an analysis of content validity. This work resulted in a 28 items questionnaire that used a 4-point Likert-type response scale. The reliability and validity of the EISQ was tested with 144 women with incontinence who visited out-patient clinic in six hospitals.

Results: Cronbach's alpha as the index of internal consistency was high. The EISQ total was 0.90 and alpha ranged from 0.70 to 0.93 for the six subscales. Six factors each with an eigenvalue greater-than-or-equal-to-one were extracted from a principal components factors analysis with varimax rotation. The cumulative percentage of variance explained by this solution was 69.0%. Concurrent validity analyses confirmed our predictions that the EISQ scores were related to Patient Incontinence Stress (ISQ-P) scores.

Conclusion: The EISQ proved to be reliable and valid as a self-administered measure for assessing the effect of urinary incontinence on female sexuality. The EISQ has demonstrated sufficient psychometric properties to warrant continued study of other samples and to explore the relationship between EISQ and other outcome variables.

The objective of this study was to clarify the actual status of interactions performed at home between demented elders and their family caregivers. An inductive qualitative study was conducted by using a grounded theory approach. Subjects were 25 elderly individuals with dementia of Alzheimer type, and 28 caregivers in their family. The study was performed using the participant observation and interviews in their homes. Based on a constant comparative analysis, results revealed the levels of "certainty" and "maintenance of self" of the elders as core variables in interactions between the elders and the caregivers. Characteristic interactions were found to fall into three categories. The interactions in Category 1 showed caregiver's persistence in potential "certainty" of the demented elders. Category 2 was the interactions when the uncertainty of demented elders was unquestionable, and category 3 was interactions when certainty of demented elders was clear: In the category 1, subcategories named "looking for the holes", "digging the holes" and "filling in the holes" were found. In the category 2, phenomena named "protection", "friction", "harmony" and "resistance" were observed. And the category 3 contained "equality." The researcher examined and clarified behavioral characteristics, the backgrounds, topics and the results of the interactions as components of each subcategory. The triggers the transition of categories of the interactions were examined. This study also treated the differences produced according the levels of dementia and role relations of the caregivers for each category. This study revealed a part of actual interactions between the demented elders and their caregivers, and a part of the world which demented elders may experience in interaction with their caregivers.