Kango kenkyu. The Japanese journal of nursing research最新文献

The purpose of this study is to clarify the coping patterns of women with urinary incontinence (UI) who visited an incontinence special unit. Nineteen patients ranging from 42 to 86 in age were interviewed. When they had met the accidents or daily occurrences with UI, their attitudes toward UI were classified into six coping patterns. They were "managing of UI", "keeping UI in secret", "asking for medical treatment for UI", "asking for support", "accepting UI as a fact or being resigned to UI, and "avoiding the fact with UI". All these six coping patterns reflect their desire to keep themselves in normal status. They concentrated themselves on maintain the normalization so as to keep their self-esteem from the threat of UI.

Surgery for maxilofacial cancer is often radical and disfiguring, and therefore can have an influence on patient's interpersonal relationship and social activities. However, little is known about self-presentation of disfigured patients during rehabilitation. This is an inductive and qualitative study based on 26 extensive interviews. The results demonstrate that patients with disfigurement cope actively with problems in their interpersonal relationship and even go through the empowerment process. Self-presentation of the disfigured patients consisted of four dimensions: (1)self-evaluation: (2)judgment of others' reactions; (3)intention of personal relations and style of self-presentation; and (4) concrete self-presentation using six "strategies". Each of the dimensions 1-3 included several processes that were generally taken in sequence according to time after surgery, but also strongly influenced by behaviors of family members or medical staff. "Strategies" chosen in dimension 4 depending upon the situations in dimensions 1-3 corresponded to the five type of "self-presentation" reported by Goffman (1959), except for "letting others be used to the patients", which was one of the continuous efforts to overcome their chronic disfigurement. Importantly, the patients became confident by focusing upon their chronic disfigurement. Importantly, the patients became confident by focusing upon their healthy parts such as maxiofacial functions recovered to some degree, and this confidence led to the acceptance of disfigurement and further to the expansion of their social behaviors.

Unlabelled: Nurses provide the psychosocial nursing care to promote the patients' empowerment. In spite of recognizing the importance of psychosocial nursing. The research reported here is part of a large study designed to explore the psychosocial nursing intervention strategies. This part of the study is focused on characteristics of psychosocial nursing care as identified by nurses. Research design was descriptive and qualitative. Subjects were a convenient sample of nurses who have more than 5 years experience and agreed to participate in this research. Data was collected through semistructured interviews. Data was recorded on a tape and transcribed, then analyzed based on Grounded Theory Approach.

Subjects: The number of subjects consisted of 39 nurses. The average age and duration of clinical experience was 36.6 years old and 12.6 years.

Result: Sixteen of the characteristics of psychosocial nursing to promote the empowerment among the patients were identified; 1) respect the patients' decision making, 2) clinical judgment from multiple perspectives, 3) predictability, 4) flexibility, 5) classification of the patients by comparison, 6) monitoring, 7) relief from reality, 8) relief from pain and suffering, 9) enhancement of the patients' ego strength, 10) nurture of hope, 11) support individualized daily living styles, 12) encouragement of the patients'own problem solving abilities, 13) respect of individuality, 14) self-utilization, 15) self-control based on professional identity, 16) utilization of team power.

Discussion: Nurses choose from the sixteen dimensions of psychosocial nursing and organizing them in order to stabilizing the patients' conditions.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the changes of the caregivers'status with comparison of two cross-sectional studies. The subjects were 658 (primary, in 1982) and 705 (secondary, in 1991) group members of "The Association of Families Caring for Elderly Persons with Dementia". The summary of results are as follows: 1) The mean life span of a person suffering dementia was found to be longer in 1991 than 1992. 2) In 1991, about 30 percent of the patients in all age groups were hospitalized and about 70 percent of the patients were treated at home. These facts indicated that the medical facilities had expanded their capacities during the 9 year period for receiving the elderly with dementia. 3) Family members who wished to live independently supported the idea that care should be given by a decreased number of individuals within the family. In that sense, the family's power of caregiving was decreased. 4) The range of main caregivers' informal social-support-network was remarkably expanded. 5) The more the service were expanded, the more the service were utilized by the caregivers. However, the quality and the quantity of the services provided are still not sufficient to meet the caregivers' need. 6) In balance, the difficulties caregivers used to face, seemed to be decreased in 1991.