Odontostomatologike proodos最新文献

In this paper the etiology, the clinical and histologic features, the immunopathologic studies, the diagnosis and treatment of chronic desquamative gingivitis are reviewed. Chronic desquamative gingivitis is not a disease sui generis but represents a reaction pattern of the gingivae which conceals other pathological entities. Dermatoses, hormonal disturbances, chronic irritation and idiopathic causes have been incriminated as etiologic factors. Among the dermatoses that manifest as desquamative gingivitis cicatricial pemphigoid, lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid are more frequent. Desquamative gingivitis is characterized clinically by a diffuse erythema of the marginal and attached gingivae associated with areas of desquamation and corresponding symptoms. An accurate diagnosis of the underlying disease of chronic desquamative gingivitis can be made on the basis of careful history and clinical observation, light microscopic examination of gingival biopsy specimens, immunopathologic and follow-up findings. The significance of early diagnosis in the therapeutical management of the patients is emphasized. The response to topical corticosteroids as well as systemic corticosteroids and dapsone or sulfapyridine has been gratifying. The identification of the underlying disease in chronic desquamative gingivitis is important and the contribution of the dentist in early diagnosis and prompt therapeutical care is of great value.

Necessary restorative requirements for full coverage are adequate axial wall height of the preparation for retention as well as sufficient vertical width of sound tooth structure cervically for the crown margins. In cases where adequate healthy tooth structure does not exist coronally to the epithelial attachment due to various crown damages, the margins of the crown might traumatize the periodontal attachment and the periodontium will be jeopardized iatrogenically. Teeth with inadequate axial Reight of the clinical crown, subgingival caries, vertical or horizontal fractures will require surgical crown lengthening procedures before prosthetic treatment is performed. These procedures may either involve only the soft tissues or bone remodeling as well. Irrespective of the procedure, crown lengthening must be performed with the objective of at least 3 mm. of healthy tooth structure coronally to the bone. This width will permit the formation of a new dentinogingival junction and the existence of 1-2 m.m. of sound tooth structure coronally to the new attachment line for the construction of a biologically acceptable crown margin. The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical problem and underline the importance of crown lengthening procedures as a preparatory step for prosthetic treatment in fixed partial dentures.

Odontomas are the most common benign odontogenic tumors with a high degree of differentiation and an excellent biological behavior. Three histological types are recognised: a) ameloblastic odontoma, b) coplex odontoma and c) compound odontoma. Usually these tumors are asymptomatic and the most frequent cause of discovery is the retention or impaction of a permanent tooth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiographic features of these tumors and to determine the frequency and relation of odontomas to tooth impaction. Twenty six cases (14 males and 12 females) of histologically verified odontomas were studied and an effort was made in order to corellate the histological type of the tumors with the age, the sex, the location, the radiographic picture, the size of the lesion and the frequency and relation to the impacted teeth. The main conclusions of the study were: a) Odontomas are diagnosed more often in the first or second decade but the compound odontoma may be seen later in life. b) The most common location of odontomas is the anterior region of the maxilla, c) The radiographic picture of the complex odontoma is usually of the mixed radiolucent-radiopaque type, where compound odontoma is more often found as radiopacity or as non-typical tooth and d) Odontomas more often are located above the crown of the impacted tooth usually in maxillary incisors and canines.

The purpose of this study was to assess the surface free energy of a series of composite resin restorative materials, utilizing the concept of critical surface tension (yc). Cylindrical samples of 20 mm diameter and 2 mm in thickness were prepared from 4 microfilled, 3 hybrid and 6 small particle composite resins. The critical surface tension was determined by contact angle measurements on 1000 grit ground surfaces. A Zisman series of homologous liquids was used (Water, Glycerol, Formamide, Thiodiglycol, Dilodormethane, I-Bromonapthalane). The recorded yc means were 30.000-42.600 dyn/cm for microfilled, 42.47-44.68 dyn/cm for hybrid and 42.19-49.20 dyn/cm for small particle composites. In all the cases the work of wetting was primary attributed to non polar and dispersion forces. The type and the concentration of the reinforcing fillers is the major factor influencing yc, especially in the presence of hydrophylic particles like Ba. Microfilled materials showed decreased wetting efficiency. Hydrophobic monomers do not provide any significant advantage on the wettability of polished composite surfaces.

Anatomically, the sphenoid bone can be characterized as the center of the skull. It represents the crossroads where various factors which contribute--each in its own way--to the craniofacial complex, are combined. The morphology of the sphenoid bone is changeable and the opinion that it serves the functional needs for the viability of the individual was formulated in the literature. The findings from the study of 20 patients exhibiting various syndromes that affect the craniofacial complex lead to the conclusion that there is an admirable adaptability and mutual support of the elements which contribute to the formation of the craniofacial complex, the sphenoid bone being one of them, with significant potential and effect on adjacent structures.

The "sandwich" technique involves combination of composite resins to etched glassionomer cements, is used today in restorative dentistry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bond strength between several composite resins and glass ionomer or cerment cements. Cylindrical specimens of the cements Ketac-Silver, Ionobond and GC-Lining Ce-ment were inserted in a mold and their flat free surfaces were etched for 30". Cylindrical plastic tubes were set upon each one of these surfaces and filled with the Composite resins Durafill, Brilliant Lux, Estilux posterior, Estilux posterior CVS and Herculite XR. Half of the specimens transferred in tap water for 24 hours and the others after thermocycling in the first month, kept for 4 months. Shear bond strengths were determined in Monsanto Testing Machine and some fractured surfaces were examined under SEM. The results of this investigation indicate that this technique produces bond strengths between composite resins and glassioners and the combination type of resin and type of cement, affects the values of the strength. Glass cermeet--small particle resin provides the most effective strength and glass ionomer--microfill resins the least. Storage time and thermocycling don't significantly effect the bond strength. SEM examination showed that all fracture failures were obtained in the cement while the opposite resin surfaces were covered with particles of the cements.

The injection of the infraorbital nerve in the infraorbital canal, gives a full anesthesia to the anterior superior nerve, for a major operations in the anterior part of the upper jaw or in case which an infection precludes a local injection. In this study we describe in detail the position of the infraorbital foramen in 55 crania and in 16 cadavers. As landmarks in the cadavers, we used the lateral point of the wing of the nose, and the medial angulus oculi. As landmarks in the crania we used, the inferior orbital rim, the zygomaticoalveolar crest and the anterior nasal spine. The results of our measurements are the following: 1. The infraorbital foramen is situated in equal distance from the medial angulus oculi and the zygomaticoalbeolar crest. 2. The infraorbital foramen, the anterior nasal spine and the zygomaticoalveolar crest form the vertex of an isosceles triangle. The infraorbital foramen is situated in the vertex which corresponds to the one of the equal angles. 3. The infraorbital foramen is situated 7.19 mm below the infraorbital.

Performing extractions on diabetic patients is a complicated problem, which is connected with the type of diabetes and the various complications related to this disease. The main concern is to avoid acute incidents hyper or sub-glycemic comas during the operation and to secure a smooth post- operational course, namely an undisturbed post- extracture healing. In this study, 80 diabetic patients who came for extractions to the escodental department were divided into two categories: patients suffering from diabetes type I and patients suffering from diabetes type II. On the arrival of all patients, the contents of glycose in blood and acetone in urine were measured, and depending on the respective results patients of the first category were classified into three groups and patients of the second category were classified into four groups. Along with the normal measures usually taken for diabetic patients, specific instructions were given for the groups of each category, in order to prevent hyper- or sub-glycaminate incidents, during the operation. Proper instructions were further given for those patients, who had history chronical complications from diabetes. Extractions based on th method of classifying the patients into the above mentioned categories and groups have presented no complications whatever in our study.

The aim of this article is to present the clinical use of the adhesive cast restoration in the treatment of the advanced perio case in an effort to overcome the serious restorative problems related to those cases. The use of the adhesive cast restoration in the advanced periodontal conditions has proved that it can be considered a permanent restoration. The main advantages in the use of the adhesive cast restoration are: i) Minimal tooth preparation, which eliminates the possibility of pulpal contamination. In fact, pulpal integrity is of crucial importance in the advanced perio case because of the close interrelationship between the pulp tissue and periodontal structures. ii) Supragingival lingual margins, which do not compromise the patient's esthetics and permit for good plaque control. iii) Reversibility of the restoration. iv) Reduced cost, which helps the clinician to use teeth with guarded prognosis from a periodontal point of view.