Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.8.4
Mi Yeon Yang, Myung Sook Kim
Cryptic diversity refers to two or more distinct species classified as a single species due to lack of morphological difference. Although Plocamium Lamouroux has potential applications in biotechnology, several phylogenetic studies suggest the presence of cryptic diversity within the genus that requires further phylogenetic evaluation. Here, we investigated two species of Plocamium, P. “cartilagineum” and P. “telfairiae”, in the Northwest (NW) Pacific. The aims of this study are to identify potential cryptic species by analyzing the genetic differences between the species from their type localities and specimens from the NW Pacific, to characterize their population genetic diversity and structure, and to find potential hotspots with high intraspecific genetic diversity in Korea. A reconstructed phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial 5′ region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5P) and plastid ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) with molecular delimitation methods revealed significant differences as distinct species in the genus Plocamium. Comparison with specimens from their type localities indicated the presence of two cryptic species in the NW Pacific, including Plocamium luculentum sp. nov. The phylogeographic study for both species showed low genetic differences among populations, demonstrating genetic connectivity within the NW Pacific. These findings could promote the discovery of other morphologically and ecologically similar but phylogenetically different Plocamium species worldwide, which is essential for conservation assessments.
{"title":"Cryptic diversity and phylogeographic patterns of Plocamium telfairiae and P. cartilagineum (Plocamiales, Rhodophyta) in the Northwest Pacific","authors":"Mi Yeon Yang, Myung Sook Kim","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.8.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.8.4","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptic diversity refers to two or more distinct species classified as a single species due to lack of morphological difference. Although Plocamium Lamouroux has potential applications in biotechnology, several phylogenetic studies suggest the presence of cryptic diversity within the genus that requires further phylogenetic evaluation. Here, we investigated two species of Plocamium, P. “cartilagineum” and P. “telfairiae”, in the Northwest (NW) Pacific. The aims of this study are to identify potential cryptic species by analyzing the genetic differences between the species from their type localities and specimens from the NW Pacific, to characterize their population genetic diversity and structure, and to find potential hotspots with high intraspecific genetic diversity in Korea. A reconstructed phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial 5′ region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5P) and plastid ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) with molecular delimitation methods revealed significant differences as distinct species in the genus Plocamium. Comparison with specimens from their type localities indicated the presence of two cryptic species in the NW Pacific, including Plocamium luculentum sp. nov. The phylogeographic study for both species showed low genetic differences among populations, demonstrating genetic connectivity within the NW Pacific. These findings could promote the discovery of other morphologically and ecologically similar but phylogenetically different Plocamium species worldwide, which is essential for conservation assessments.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.6.6
Ji Hyun You, Jin Hee Ok, Hee Chang Kang, Sang Ah Park, S. Eom, H. Jeong
Mixotrophic dinoflagellates act as primary producers, prey, and predators in marine planktonic food webs, whereas exclusively autotrophic dinoflagellates are primary producers and prey. Species of the dinoflagellate genus Scrippsiella are commonly found in marine ecosystems and sometimes cause harmful red tides. Among the 28 formally described Scrippsiella species, S. acuminata has been found to be mixotrophic and two unidentified species have been found to be mixotrophic. To determine whether the other species in this genus are similarly mixotrophic, the mixotrophic ability of S. donghaiensis SDGJ1703, S. lachrymosa SLBS1703, S. masanensis SSMS0908, S. plana SSSH1009A, and S. ramonii VGO1053 was explored using 15 potential prey items, including 2-µm fluorescently labeled microspheres (FLM) and heterotrophic bacteria (FLB), the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp., and various microalgal prey species. The ability of S. acuminata to feed on FLM and FLB was also investigated. We found that S. donghaiensis, S. lachrymosa, S. masanensis, S. plana, and S. ramonii did not feed on any potential prey tested in this study, indicating a lack of mixotrophy. However, S. acuminata fed on both FLM and FLB, confirming its mixotrophic ability. These results lowered the proportion of mixotrophic species relative to the total number of tested Scrippsiella species for mixotrophy from 100% to 29–38%. Owing to its mixotrophic ability, S. acuminata occupies an ecological niche that is distinct from that of S. donghaiensis, S. lachrymosa, S. masanensis, S. plana, and S. ramonii.
{"title":"Five phototrophic Scrippsiella species lacking mixotrophic ability and the extended prey spectrum of Scrippsiella acuminata (Thoracosphaerales, Dinophyceae)","authors":"Ji Hyun You, Jin Hee Ok, Hee Chang Kang, Sang Ah Park, S. Eom, H. Jeong","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.6.6","url":null,"abstract":"Mixotrophic dinoflagellates act as primary producers, prey, and predators in marine planktonic food webs, whereas exclusively autotrophic dinoflagellates are primary producers and prey. Species of the dinoflagellate genus Scrippsiella are commonly found in marine ecosystems and sometimes cause harmful red tides. Among the 28 formally described Scrippsiella species, S. acuminata has been found to be mixotrophic and two unidentified species have been found to be mixotrophic. To determine whether the other species in this genus are similarly mixotrophic, the mixotrophic ability of S. donghaiensis SDGJ1703, S. lachrymosa SLBS1703, S. masanensis SSMS0908, S. plana SSSH1009A, and S. ramonii VGO1053 was explored using 15 potential prey items, including 2-µm fluorescently labeled microspheres (FLM) and heterotrophic bacteria (FLB), the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp., and various microalgal prey species. The ability of S. acuminata to feed on FLM and FLB was also investigated. We found that S. donghaiensis, S. lachrymosa, S. masanensis, S. plana, and S. ramonii did not feed on any potential prey tested in this study, indicating a lack of mixotrophy. However, S. acuminata fed on both FLM and FLB, confirming its mixotrophic ability. These results lowered the proportion of mixotrophic species relative to the total number of tested Scrippsiella species for mixotrophy from 100% to 29–38%. Owing to its mixotrophic ability, S. acuminata occupies an ecological niche that is distinct from that of S. donghaiensis, S. lachrymosa, S. masanensis, S. plana, and S. ramonii.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45477517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.6.12
E. Polyakova, S. Averina, A. Pinevich
Progress in phylogenomic analysis has led to a considerable re-evaluation of former cyanobacterial system, with many new taxa being established at different nomenclatural levels. The family Geminocystaceae is among cyanobacterial taxa recently described on the basis of polyphasic approach. Within this family, there are six genera: Geminocystis, Cyanobacterium, Geminobacterium, Annamia, Picocyanobacterium, and Microcrocis. The genus Geminocystis previously encompassed two species: G. herdmanii and G. papuanica. Herein, a new species G. urbisnovae was proposed under the provision of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Polyphasic analysis was performed for five strains from the CALU culture collection (St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation), and they were assigned to the genus Geminocystis in accordance with high 16S rRNA gene similarity to existing species, as well as because of proximity to these species on the phylogenetic trees reconstructed with RaxML and Bayes methods. Plausibility of their assignment to a separate species of the genus Geminocystis was substantiated with smaller cell size; stenohaline freshwater ecotype; capability to complementary chromatic adaptation of second type (CA2); distinct 16S rRNA gene clustering; sequences and folding of D1−D1′ and B box domains of the 16S−23S internal transcribed spacer region. The second objective pursued by this communication was to provide a survey of the family Geminocystaceae. The overall assessment was that, despite attention of many researchers, this cyanobacterial family has been understudied and, especially in the case of the crucially important genus Cyanobacterium, taxonomically problematic.
{"title":"Geminocystis urbisnovae sp. nov. (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria): polyphasic description complemented with a survey of the family Geminocystaceae","authors":"E. Polyakova, S. Averina, A. Pinevich","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.6.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.6.12","url":null,"abstract":"Progress in phylogenomic analysis has led to a considerable re-evaluation of former cyanobacterial system, with many new taxa being established at different nomenclatural levels. The family Geminocystaceae is among cyanobacterial taxa recently described on the basis of polyphasic approach. Within this family, there are six genera: Geminocystis, Cyanobacterium, Geminobacterium, Annamia, Picocyanobacterium, and Microcrocis. The genus Geminocystis previously encompassed two species: G. herdmanii and G. papuanica. Herein, a new species G. urbisnovae was proposed under the provision of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Polyphasic analysis was performed for five strains from the CALU culture collection (St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation), and they were assigned to the genus Geminocystis in accordance with high 16S rRNA gene similarity to existing species, as well as because of proximity to these species on the phylogenetic trees reconstructed with RaxML and Bayes methods. Plausibility of their assignment to a separate species of the genus Geminocystis was substantiated with smaller cell size; stenohaline freshwater ecotype; capability to complementary chromatic adaptation of second type (CA2); distinct 16S rRNA gene clustering; sequences and folding of D1−D1′ and B box domains of the 16S−23S internal transcribed spacer region. The second objective pursued by this communication was to provide a survey of the family Geminocystaceae. The overall assessment was that, despite attention of many researchers, this cyanobacterial family has been understudied and, especially in the case of the crucially important genus Cyanobacterium, taxonomically problematic.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41825993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.5.25
Xuefeng Zhong, Shuai Che, C. Xie, Lan Wu, Xinyu Zhang, Lin Tian, Chang Liu, Hongbo Li, Guoying Du
Light quality is a common environmental factor which influences the metabolism of biochemical substances in algae and leads to the response of algal growth and development. Pyropia yezoensis is a kind of economic macroalgae that naturally grows in the intertidal zone where the light environment changes dramatically. In the present study, P. yezoensis thalli were treated under white light (control) and monochromatic lights with primary colors (blue, green, and red) for 14 days to explore their physiological response to light quality. During the first 3 days of treatment, P. yezoensis grew faster under blue light than other light qualities. In the next 11 days, it showed better adaptation to green light, with higher growth rate and photosynthetic capacity (reflected by a higher rETRmax = 61.58 and Ek = 237.78). A higher non-photochemical quenching was observed in the treatment of red light than others for 14 days. Furthermore, the response of P. yezoensis to light quality also results in the difference of photosynthetic pigment contents. The monochromatic light could reduce the synthesis of all pigments, but the reduction degree was different, which may relate to the spectral absorption characteristics of pigments. It was speculated that P. yezoensis adapted to a specific or changing light environments by regulating the synthesis of pigments to achieve the best use of light energy in photosynthesis and premium growth and metabolism.
光质量是影响藻类体内生化物质代谢并导致藻类生长发育响应的常见环境因子。叶藻(Pyropia yezoensis)是一种天然生长在光环境变化剧烈的潮间带的大型经济藻类。本研究采用白光(对照)和单色光(蓝、绿、红)处理紫杉菌体14 d，探讨其对光质量的生理反应。在处理的前3天，蓝光处理下紫杉的生长速度快于其他光处理。在接下来的11天里，它对绿光的适应能力更强，生长速度和光合能力更高(rETRmax = 61.58, Ek = 237.78)。在14天内，红光处理的非光化学猝灭率高于其他处理。此外，紫杉树对光质量的响应也导致了光合色素含量的差异。单色光对所有色素的合成均有抑制作用，但抑制程度不同，这可能与色素的光谱吸收特性有关。推测紫杉通过调节色素的合成来适应特定的或不断变化的光环境，从而实现光能在光合作用中的最佳利用和优质的生长代谢。
{"title":"Physiological response of red macroalgae Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) to light quality: a short-term adaptation","authors":"Xuefeng Zhong, Shuai Che, C. Xie, Lan Wu, Xinyu Zhang, Lin Tian, Chang Liu, Hongbo Li, Guoying Du","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.5.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.5.25","url":null,"abstract":"Light quality is a common environmental factor which influences the metabolism of biochemical substances in algae and leads to the response of algal growth and development. Pyropia yezoensis is a kind of economic macroalgae that naturally grows in the intertidal zone where the light environment changes dramatically. In the present study, P. yezoensis thalli were treated under white light (control) and monochromatic lights with primary colors (blue, green, and red) for 14 days to explore their physiological response to light quality. During the first 3 days of treatment, P. yezoensis grew faster under blue light than other light qualities. In the next 11 days, it showed better adaptation to green light, with higher growth rate and photosynthetic capacity (reflected by a higher rETRmax = 61.58 and Ek = 237.78). A higher non-photochemical quenching was observed in the treatment of red light than others for 14 days. Furthermore, the response of P. yezoensis to light quality also results in the difference of photosynthetic pigment contents. The monochromatic light could reduce the synthesis of all pigments, but the reduction degree was different, which may relate to the spectral absorption characteristics of pigments. It was speculated that P. yezoensis adapted to a specific or changing light environments by regulating the synthesis of pigments to achieve the best use of light energy in photosynthesis and premium growth and metabolism.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46517016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.6.2
Jae Woo Jung, Qikun Xing, Jisook Park, C. Yarish, J. Kim
Grateloupia turuturu is a red alga with a flat but firm slippery thallus. Throughout its lifetime, this alga experiences a wide range of environmental stresses in the intertidal rocky shores. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of salinity and irradiance on the early developmental stages of G. turuturu tetrasporophytes. The released carpospores were cultivated at different salinities (S = 15, 25, and 35) and irradiances (50, 100, and 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Germination of carpospores and development of juvenile tetrasporophytes were observed every 5 days and recorded by a digital camera. Discoid crusts were formed at all conditions within 5 days. The discoid crusts at 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1 died within 20 days regardless the salinity. The discoid crusts at S = 35 also died at all irradiance conditions within 25 days. Except for those at S = 35 and 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1, the discoid crusts reached about 8,000–9,000 μm2 by day 20. Regardless of irradiance, the upright thalli formation rate from discoid crusts was 85 and 10% at S = 15 and S = 25, respectively. These results suggest that salinity and irradiance are important factors influencing early developmental stages of G. turuturu.
{"title":"Effects of salinity and irradiance on early developmental stages of Grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) tetrasporophytes","authors":"Jae Woo Jung, Qikun Xing, Jisook Park, C. Yarish, J. Kim","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"Grateloupia turuturu is a red alga with a flat but firm slippery thallus. Throughout its lifetime, this alga experiences a wide range of environmental stresses in the intertidal rocky shores. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of salinity and irradiance on the early developmental stages of G. turuturu tetrasporophytes. The released carpospores were cultivated at different salinities (S = 15, 25, and 35) and irradiances (50, 100, and 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Germination of carpospores and development of juvenile tetrasporophytes were observed every 5 days and recorded by a digital camera. Discoid crusts were formed at all conditions within 5 days. The discoid crusts at 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1 died within 20 days regardless the salinity. The discoid crusts at S = 35 also died at all irradiance conditions within 25 days. Except for those at S = 35 and 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1, the discoid crusts reached about 8,000–9,000 μm2 by day 20. Regardless of irradiance, the upright thalli formation rate from discoid crusts was 85 and 10% at S = 15 and S = 25, respectively. These results suggest that salinity and irradiance are important factors influencing early developmental stages of G. turuturu.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47064705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.4.30
A. H. Hasan, D. Al‐Bader, S. Woodward, Csongor Z. Antóny, J. Ong, A. Peters, Frithjof C. Küpper
Cryptic stages of diverse macroalgae present in natural substrata, “the bank of microscopic forms”, were isolated into clonal cultures and identified based on both morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding. Approximately 120 clonal isolates from 308 natural substratum samples were collected from the entire coastline of Kuwait. Amongst these isolates, 77 (64%) were identified through DNA barcoding using the nuclear ribosomal small subunit, RuBisCO spacer (ITS2, tufa, rbcL, psaA, and psbA) and sequencing. Twenty-six isolates (34%) were identified in the division Chlorophyta, 18 (23%) as Phaeophyceae, and 33 (43%) as Rhodophyta. For all DNA sequences in this study, species-level cut off applied was ≥98% homology which depend entirely on the markers used. Three putative new records of Chlorophyta new for the Arabian Gulf were made: Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kützing, Ulva torta (Mertens) Trevisan and Ulvella leptochaete (Huber) R. Nielsen, C. J. O′Kelly & B. Wysor in Nielsen, while Cladophora gracilis Kützing and Ulva ohnoi M. Hiraoka & S. Shimada are new records for Kuwait. For Phaeophyceae, Ectocarpus subulatus Kützing and Elachista stellaris Areschoug were new records for the Gulf and Kuwait. In the Rhodophyta, Acrochaetium secundatum (Lyngbye) Nägeli in Nägeli & Cramer, Ceramium affine Setchell & N. L. Gardner, Gelidium pusillum var. pakistanicum Afaq-Husain & Shameel and Dasya caraibica Børgesen are new records for the Gulf and Kuwait, while the red alga Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) K. Drew is a new record for Kuwait. Several isolates identified corresponded to genera not previously reported in Kuwait and / or the Arabian Gulf, such as Porphyrostromium Trevisan, a new genus from the Bangiales, and two unidentified species for the Planophilaceae Škaloud & Leliaert. The isolates cultivated from substrata enhance understanding of the marine macroalgal diversity in the region and confirmed that the Germling Emergence Method is suitable for determining the actual diversity of a given study area through isolation from cryptic life-history phases.
将存在于天然基质中的各种大型藻类的隐生阶段(“微观形态库”)分离到克隆培养中，并根据形态特征和DNA条形码进行鉴定。从科威特整个海岸线的308份天然基质样品中收集了大约120株克隆分离株。其中77株(64%)通过核糖体小亚基、RuBisCO间隔区(ITS2、tufa、rbcL、psaA和psbA)的DNA编码和测序鉴定。绿藻门26株(34%)，褐藻门18株(23%)，红藻门33株(43%)。对于本研究中所有的DNA序列，所应用的物种水平切断具有≥98%的同源性，这完全取决于所使用的标记。阿拉伯湾的绿藻新记录为Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) k tzing, Ulva torta (Mertens) Trevisan和Ulvella leptochaete (Huber) R. Nielsen, C. J. O 'Kelly & B. Wysor，科威特的Cladophora gracilis k tzing和Ulva ohnoi M. hiroka & S. Shimada。褐生科的Ectocarpus subullatus k tzing和Elachista stellaris Areschoug是海湾和科威特的新记录。在红藻门中，Nägeli & Cramer的Acrochaetium secundatum (Lyngbye) Nägeli、仿射的Ceramium Setchell & N. L. Gardner、Gelidium pusillum ar. pakanicum Afaq-Husain & Shameel和Dasya caraibica Børgesen是海湾和科威特的新纪录，而红藻Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) K. Drew是科威特的新纪录。已鉴定的几个分离株对应于科威特和/或阿拉伯海湾以前未报道的属，例如来自Bangiales的新属Porphyrostromium Trevisan，以及Planophilaceae Škaloud和Leliaert的两个未识别种。从基质中培养的分离物增强了对该地区海洋大型藻类多样性的认识，并证实了生殖涌现法适用于通过从隐生活史阶段分离来确定给定研究区域的实际多样性。
{"title":"Assessment of the macroalgal diversity of Kuwait by using the Germling Emergence Method","authors":"A. H. Hasan, D. Al‐Bader, S. Woodward, Csongor Z. Antóny, J. Ong, A. Peters, Frithjof C. Küpper","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.4.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.4.30","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptic stages of diverse macroalgae present in natural substrata, “the bank of microscopic forms”, were isolated into clonal cultures and identified based on both morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding. Approximately 120 clonal isolates from 308 natural substratum samples were collected from the entire coastline of Kuwait. Amongst these isolates, 77 (64%) were identified through DNA barcoding using the nuclear ribosomal small subunit, RuBisCO spacer (ITS2, tufa, rbcL, psaA, and psbA) and sequencing. Twenty-six isolates (34%) were identified in the division Chlorophyta, 18 (23%) as Phaeophyceae, and 33 (43%) as Rhodophyta. For all DNA sequences in this study, species-level cut off applied was ≥98% homology which depend entirely on the markers used. Three putative new records of Chlorophyta new for the Arabian Gulf were made: Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kützing, Ulva torta (Mertens) Trevisan and Ulvella leptochaete (Huber) R. Nielsen, C. J. O′Kelly & B. Wysor in Nielsen, while Cladophora gracilis Kützing and Ulva ohnoi M. Hiraoka & S. Shimada are new records for Kuwait. For Phaeophyceae, Ectocarpus subulatus Kützing and Elachista stellaris Areschoug were new records for the Gulf and Kuwait. In the Rhodophyta, Acrochaetium secundatum (Lyngbye) Nägeli in Nägeli & Cramer, Ceramium affine Setchell & N. L. Gardner, Gelidium pusillum var. pakistanicum Afaq-Husain & Shameel and Dasya caraibica Børgesen are new records for the Gulf and Kuwait, while the red alga Stylonema alsidii (Zanardini) K. Drew is a new record for Kuwait. Several isolates identified corresponded to genera not previously reported in Kuwait and / or the Arabian Gulf, such as Porphyrostromium Trevisan, a new genus from the Bangiales, and two unidentified species for the Planophilaceae Škaloud & Leliaert. The isolates cultivated from substrata enhance understanding of the marine macroalgal diversity in the region and confirmed that the Germling Emergence Method is suitable for determining the actual diversity of a given study area through isolation from cryptic life-history phases.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44853959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.2.24
Hee Chang Kang, H. Jeong, A. Lim, Jin Hee Ok, Ji Hyun You, Sang Ah Park, S. Eom
The mortality rate of red-tide dinoflagellates owing to predation is a major parameter that affects their population dynamics. The dinoflagellates Ansanella granifera and Ansanella sp. occasionally cause red tides. To understand the interactions between common heterotrophic protists and A. granifera, we explored the feeding occurrence of nine heterotrophic protists on A. granifera and the growth and ingestion rates of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dominans on A. granifera as a function of prey concentration and those of Oxyrrhis marina at a single high prey concentration. The heterotrophic dinoflagellates Aduncodinium glandula, G. dominans, Gyrodinium moestrupii, Luciella masanensis, Oblea rotunda, O. marina, Polykrikos kofoidii, and Pfiesteria piscicida and the naked ciliate Strombidium sp. were able to feed on A. granifera. With increasing mean prey concentrations, the growth and ingestion rates of G. dominans feeding on A. granifera rapidly increased and became saturated or slowly increased. The maximum growth and ingestion rates of G. dominans on A. granifera were 0.305 d-1 and 0.42 ng C predator-1 d-1 (3.8 cells predator-1 d-1), respectively. Furthermore, the growth and ingestion rates of O. marina on A. granifera at 1,700 ng C mL-1 (15,454 cells mL-1) were 0.037 d-1 and 0.19 ng C predator-1 d-1 (1.7 cells predator-1 d-1), respectively. The growth and ingestion rates of G. dominans and O. marina feeding on A. granifera were almost the lowest among those on the dinoflagellate prey species. Therefore, G. dominans and O. marina may prefer A. granifera less than other dinoflagellate prey species. The low mortality rate of A. granifera may positively affect its bloom formation.
赤潮鞭毛虫因被捕食而导致的死亡率是影响其种群动态的一个主要参数。甲藻ananella granifera和ananella sp.偶尔会引起红潮。为了了解常见的异养原生生物与花青树之间的相互作用，我们研究了9种异养原生生物对花青树的取食情况，以及异养鞭毛藻对花青树的生长和摄食率随猎物浓度的变化规律，以及在单一高猎物浓度下，异养鞭毛藻对花青树的生长和摄食率。异养鞭毛藻Aduncodinium glandula、G. dominans、Gyrodinium moestrupii、Luciella masanensis、oboblea rotunda、O. marina、Polykrikos kofoidii、Pfiesteria piscicida和裸纤毛虫Strombidium sp.可以取食花心草。随着平均猎物浓度的增加，以花青花为食的优势蚁的生长和摄食速度迅速增加，达到饱和或缓慢增加。钉螺对花青花的最大生长和摄食率分别为0.305 d-1和0.42 ng C捕食者-1 d-1(3.8个细胞捕食者-1 d-1)。此外，在1700 ng C - mL-1(15454个细胞mL-1)条件下，金盏花的生长和摄食率分别为0.037 d-1和0.19 ng C -捕食者-1 d-1(1.7个细胞捕食者-1 d-1)。在甲酰鞭毛类食饵中，以花青花为食的G. dominans和O. marina的生长和摄食率几乎最低。因此，与其他鞭毛类动物相比，dominans和o.m arina可能更不喜欢花青花。花青花的低死亡率可能对其开花形成有积极影响。
{"title":"Feeding by common heterotrophic protists on the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Ansanella granifera (Suessiaceae, Dinophyceae)","authors":"Hee Chang Kang, H. Jeong, A. Lim, Jin Hee Ok, Ji Hyun You, Sang Ah Park, S. Eom","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.2.24","url":null,"abstract":"The mortality rate of red-tide dinoflagellates owing to predation is a major parameter that affects their population dynamics. The dinoflagellates Ansanella granifera and Ansanella sp. occasionally cause red tides. To understand the interactions between common heterotrophic protists and A. granifera, we explored the feeding occurrence of nine heterotrophic protists on A. granifera and the growth and ingestion rates of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dominans on A. granifera as a function of prey concentration and those of Oxyrrhis marina at a single high prey concentration. The heterotrophic dinoflagellates Aduncodinium glandula, G. dominans, Gyrodinium moestrupii, Luciella masanensis, Oblea rotunda, O. marina, Polykrikos kofoidii, and Pfiesteria piscicida and the naked ciliate Strombidium sp. were able to feed on A. granifera. With increasing mean prey concentrations, the growth and ingestion rates of G. dominans feeding on A. granifera rapidly increased and became saturated or slowly increased. The maximum growth and ingestion rates of G. dominans on A. granifera were 0.305 d-1 and 0.42 ng C predator-1 d-1 (3.8 cells predator-1 d-1), respectively. Furthermore, the growth and ingestion rates of O. marina on A. granifera at 1,700 ng C mL-1 (15,454 cells mL-1) were 0.037 d-1 and 0.19 ng C predator-1 d-1 (1.7 cells predator-1 d-1), respectively. The growth and ingestion rates of G. dominans and O. marina feeding on A. granifera were almost the lowest among those on the dinoflagellate prey species. Therefore, G. dominans and O. marina may prefer A. granifera less than other dinoflagellate prey species. The low mortality rate of A. granifera may positively affect its bloom formation.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48182877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.12.26
Laxmi Sen Thakuri, C. Park, Jin-woo Park, Hyeon-A Kim, D. Rhyu
Obesity-induced inflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Gracilaria chorda (GC) on lipid accumulation and obesity-induced inflammatory changes or glucose homeostasis in cell models (3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages). Samples of GC were extracted using solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol) and subcritical water (SW) at different temperatures (90, 150, and 210°C). The total phenolic content of GCSW extract at 210°C (GCSW210) showed the highest content compared to others, and GCSW210 highly inhibited lipid accumulation and significantly reduced gene expressions of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, GCSW210 effectively downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine regulator pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, signal transducers and activators of transcription and nuclear factor-κB. In co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages, GCSW210 significantly reduced nitric oxide production and interleukin-6 levels, and improved glucose uptake with dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that GCSW210 improves glucose metabolism by attenuating obesity-induced inflammation in adipocytes, which may be used as a possible treatment option for managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
{"title":"Subcritical water extraction of Gracilaria chorda abbreviates lipid accumulation and obesity-induced inflammation","authors":"Laxmi Sen Thakuri, C. Park, Jin-woo Park, Hyeon-A Kim, D. Rhyu","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.12.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.12.26","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity-induced inflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Gracilaria chorda (GC) on lipid accumulation and obesity-induced inflammatory changes or glucose homeostasis in cell models (3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages). Samples of GC were extracted using solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol) and subcritical water (SW) at different temperatures (90, 150, and 210°C). The total phenolic content of GCSW extract at 210°C (GCSW210) showed the highest content compared to others, and GCSW210 highly inhibited lipid accumulation and significantly reduced gene expressions of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, GCSW210 effectively downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine regulator pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, signal transducers and activators of transcription and nuclear factor-κB. In co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages, GCSW210 significantly reduced nitric oxide production and interleukin-6 levels, and improved glucose uptake with dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that GCSW210 improves glucose metabolism by attenuating obesity-induced inflammation in adipocytes, which may be used as a possible treatment option for managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.3.9
M. Buchheim, Ashley Silver, Haley Johnson, R. Portman, Matthew B. Toomey
An enormous body of research is focused on finding ways to commercialize carotenoids produced by the unicellular green alga, Haematococcus, often without the benefit of a sound phylogenetic assessment. Evidence of cryptic diversity in the genus means that comparing results of pigment studies may be confounded by the absence of a phylogenetic framework. Moreover, previous work has identified unnamed strains that are likely candidates for species status. We reconstructed the phylogeny of an expanded sampling of Haematococcus isolates utilizing data from nuclear ribosomal markers (18S rRNA gene, 26S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer [ITS]-1, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS-2) and the rbcL gene. In addition, we gathered morphological, ultrastructural and pigment data from key isolates of Haematococcus. Our expanded data and taxon sampling support the concept of a new species, H. privus, found exclusively in North America. Despite overlap in numerous morphological traits, results indicate that ratios of protoplast length to width and akinete diameter may be useful for discriminating Haematococcus lineages. High growth rate and robust astaxanthin yield indicate that H. rubicundus (SAG 34-1c) is worthy of additional scrutiny as a pigment source. With the description of H. privus, the evidence supports the existence of at least five, species-level lineages in the genus. Our phylogenetic assessment provides the tools to frame future pigment investigations of Haematococcus in an updated evolutionary context. In addition, our investigation highlighted open questions regarding polyploidy and sexuality in Haematococcus which demonstrate that much remains to be discovered about this green flagellate.
{"title":"The description of Haematococcus privus sp. nov. (Chlorophyceae, Chlamydomonadales) from North America","authors":"M. Buchheim, Ashley Silver, Haley Johnson, R. Portman, Matthew B. Toomey","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"An enormous body of research is focused on finding ways to commercialize carotenoids produced by the unicellular green alga, Haematococcus, often without the benefit of a sound phylogenetic assessment. Evidence of cryptic diversity in the genus means that comparing results of pigment studies may be confounded by the absence of a phylogenetic framework. Moreover, previous work has identified unnamed strains that are likely candidates for species status. We reconstructed the phylogeny of an expanded sampling of Haematococcus isolates utilizing data from nuclear ribosomal markers (18S rRNA gene, 26S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer [ITS]-1, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS-2) and the rbcL gene. In addition, we gathered morphological, ultrastructural and pigment data from key isolates of Haematococcus. Our expanded data and taxon sampling support the concept of a new species, H. privus, found exclusively in North America. Despite overlap in numerous morphological traits, results indicate that ratios of protoplast length to width and akinete diameter may be useful for discriminating Haematococcus lineages. High growth rate and robust astaxanthin yield indicate that H. rubicundus (SAG 34-1c) is worthy of additional scrutiny as a pigment source. With the description of H. privus, the evidence supports the existence of at least five, species-level lineages in the genus. Our phylogenetic assessment provides the tools to frame future pigment investigations of Haematococcus in an updated evolutionary context. In addition, our investigation highlighted open questions regarding polyploidy and sexuality in Haematococcus which demonstrate that much remains to be discovered about this green flagellate.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45584712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.3.14
Su Yeon Kim, Sung Min Boo, Hawn Su Yoon, Myung Sook Kim
Accurately identifying species is the basis of all biological studies. There has been much confusion in the identification of Grateloupiacean species, which have finely pinnate gross morphology similar to Grateloupia filicina (the type species of the family). The objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate species identification and distribution of G. filicina-like species in the Northwest Pacific, based on the rbcL sequences. A total of 118 specimens from 78 sites in Korea and Japan were collected from 2001 to 2021 and analyzed for their rbcL sequences. Additional 341 sequences downloaded from the GenBank were included in our comprehensive dataset. Based on these sequences, we documented the nomenclatural history and geographical distribution of the species, and commented on the application of species name. G. asiatica was the most abundant G. filicina-like species in the Northwest Pacific, and its high degree of morphological variation caused many misidentifications. In particular, G. dalianensis, G. serra and G. variata require reconsideration of their conspecificity with G. asiatica using more specimens from China. By contrast, G. oligoclora was presumed to be a heterotypic synonym of G. subpectinata. The occurrence of G. acuminata, G. ramosissima, and G. livida in Korea resulted from misidentifications with other species.
{"title":"Insight into the species identification and distribution of Grateloupiaceae (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) having Grateloupia filicina-like morphology in the Northwest Pacific","authors":"Su Yeon Kim, Sung Min Boo, Hawn Su Yoon, Myung Sook Kim","doi":"10.4490/algae.2023.38.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2023.38.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately identifying species is the basis of all biological studies. There has been much confusion in the identification of Grateloupiacean species, which have finely pinnate gross morphology similar to Grateloupia filicina (the type species of the family). The objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate species identification and distribution of G. filicina-like species in the Northwest Pacific, based on the rbcL sequences. A total of 118 specimens from 78 sites in Korea and Japan were collected from 2001 to 2021 and analyzed for their rbcL sequences. Additional 341 sequences downloaded from the GenBank were included in our comprehensive dataset. Based on these sequences, we documented the nomenclatural history and geographical distribution of the species, and commented on the application of species name. G. asiatica was the most abundant G. filicina-like species in the Northwest Pacific, and its high degree of morphological variation caused many misidentifications. In particular, G. dalianensis, G. serra and G. variata require reconsideration of their conspecificity with G. asiatica using more specimens from China. By contrast, G. oligoclora was presumed to be a heterotypic synonym of G. subpectinata. The occurrence of G. acuminata, G. ramosissima, and G. livida in Korea resulted from misidentifications with other species.","PeriodicalId":7628,"journal":{"name":"Algae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135698261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：