Cécile Crépineau-Ducoulombier, A. T. Dan-badjo, G. Rychen
The contamination of pastures by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from vehicular emissions is the first step of the contamination of the food chain including the grazing ruminants producing dairy food. In this study, we measured PAH concentrations in grass exposed for 30 days and for 75 days using a standardised culture of Lolium perenne. This method allowed the comparison of the grass contamination between two sites of different daily traffic (highway and rural road) and two control sites: isolated pasture and climate chamber. The results showed that total PAH concentrations ranged from 18 ng/g DW to 414 ng/g DW (DW: dry weight). The highest concentration was detected along the rural road and appeared not to be directly linked to the vehicular flow but probably to the driving cycles of the vehicles. The PAH concentrations were not found to be time-dependent as the values remained similar for the ryegrass exposed for 30 days or 75 days.
{"title":"PAH contamination of the grass Lolium perenne exposed to vehicular traffic","authors":"Cécile Crépineau-Ducoulombier, A. T. Dan-badjo, G. Rychen","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004047","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of pastures by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from vehicular emissions is the first step of the contamination of the food chain including the grazing ruminants producing dairy food. In this study, we measured PAH concentrations in grass exposed for 30 days and for 75 days using a standardised culture of Lolium perenne. This method allowed the comparison of the grass contamination between two sites of different daily traffic (highway and rural road) and two control sites: isolated pasture and climate chamber. The results showed that total PAH concentrations ranged from 18 ng/g DW to 414 ng/g DW (DW: dry weight). The highest concentration was detected along the rural road and appeared not to be directly linked to the vehicular flow but probably to the driving cycles of the vehicles. The PAH concentrations were not found to be time-dependent as the values remained similar for the ryegrass exposed for 30 days or 75 days.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"5 1","pages":"503-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87410451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Bousselhaj, S. Fars, Abderrahmane Laghmari, A. Nejmeddine, N. Ouazzani, C. Ciavatta
We evaluated the nitrogen fertilizer value of a sewage sludge and of four composts obtained from this same sludge. The sewage sludge was extracted from the wastewater treatment plant of Beni-Mellal city (Morocco). The extracted sewage sludge was composted alone, mixed with domestic solid waste, with olive cakes and with sawdust. The experiment was carried out in pots of vegetation under natural conditions. The humidity was maintained close to 80% of the field capacity. Ray-grass from Italy was used as a plant test. The research lasted 140 days, during which 4 cuts of the plant were investigated. The results obtained showed that all the amendments tested allowed an increase in the output in dry biomass and nitrogen plant uptake. This increase was more significant with non-composted and composted sewage sludge alone than with the other co-composts. The apparent coefficient of nitrogen utilization (CAU) recorded oscillated between 50 and 38%, testifying a great aptitude of the amendments tested to provide nitrogen to plants. The values of the apparent rates of nitrogen mineralization obtained were 38, 29, 28, 27 and 25%, respectively, for non-composted sludge; sewage sludge compost; sewage sludge-olive cakes compost; sewage sludge-domestic solid waste compost and sewage sludge-wood sawdust compost.
{"title":"Nitrogen fertilizer value of sewage sludge co-composts","authors":"K. Bousselhaj, S. Fars, Abderrahmane Laghmari, A. Nejmeddine, N. Ouazzani, C. Ciavatta","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004045","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the nitrogen fertilizer value of a sewage sludge and of four composts obtained from this same sludge. The sewage sludge was extracted from the wastewater treatment plant of Beni-Mellal city (Morocco). The extracted sewage sludge was composted alone, mixed with domestic solid waste, with olive cakes and with sawdust. The experiment was carried out in pots of vegetation under natural conditions. The humidity was maintained close to 80% of the field capacity. Ray-grass from Italy was used as a plant test. The research lasted 140 days, during which 4 cuts of the plant were investigated. The results obtained showed that all the amendments tested allowed an increase in the output in dry biomass and nitrogen plant uptake. This increase was more significant with non-composted and composted sewage sludge alone than with the other co-composts. The apparent coefficient of nitrogen utilization (CAU) recorded oscillated between 50 and 38%, testifying a great aptitude of the amendments tested to provide nitrogen to plants. The values of the apparent rates of nitrogen mineralization obtained were 38, 29, 28, 27 and 25%, respectively, for non-composted sludge; sewage sludge compost; sewage sludge-olive cakes compost; sewage sludge-domestic solid waste compost and sewage sludge-wood sawdust compost.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"31 1","pages":"487-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73815045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most crop simulation models that incorporate environmental conditions estimate leaf area development. The grain sorghum growth simulation model, SORKAM, calculates individual leaf area based on leaf number and maturity class. The objective of this study was to generalize present leaf growth routines in SORKAM to be independent of maturity since there are no generally accepted maturing classes. Modified relationships between leaf number and leaf growth parameters were developed from existing studies and were tested against independent detailed leaf growth data sets. The revised relationships improved the r 2 between simulated and actual individual leaf areas from 0.80 to 0.88, reduced the bias from 32 cm2 to 9 cm 2 , and the RMSE from 80 cm 2 to 52 cm 2 . With the improved simulation, estimated leaf area index through the season was also improved from the original SORKAM estimate (RMSE decreased from 0.77 to 0.63; RMSE: root mean square error). Although simulation of individual leaf areas was improved, total leaf area produced over the season was not.
{"title":"Simulation of individual leaf areas in grain sorghum","authors":"W. Rosenthal, R. Vanderlip","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004046","url":null,"abstract":"Most crop simulation models that incorporate environmental conditions estimate leaf area development. The grain sorghum growth simulation model, SORKAM, calculates individual leaf area based on leaf number and maturity class. The objective of this study was to generalize present leaf growth routines in SORKAM to be independent of maturity since there are no generally accepted maturing classes. Modified relationships between leaf number and leaf growth parameters were developed from existing studies and were tested against independent detailed leaf growth data sets. The revised relationships improved the r 2 between simulated and actual individual leaf areas from 0.80 to 0.88, reduced the bias from 32 cm2 to 9 cm 2 , and the RMSE from 80 cm 2 to 52 cm 2 . With the improved simulation, estimated leaf area index through the season was also improved from the original SORKAM estimate (RMSE decreased from 0.77 to 0.63; RMSE: root mean square error). Although simulation of individual leaf areas was improved, total leaf area produced over the season was not.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"11 1","pages":"493-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78924094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Marriott, M. Fothergill, B. Jeangros, M. Scotton, F. Louault
Modern rural policies that incorporate agricultural and environmental aims within the broader framework of sustainable rural development are being formulated to address the problem of declines in grassland biodiversity and the destruction of sensitive landscapes and habitats in Europe. Extensification is the process of reducing fertiliser inputs, management intensity and stocking rates, and is central to these sustainable rural policies. However, research in the Less Favoured Areas of Europe has been fragmented and highly variable reflecting the different uses and requirements of our upland areas. Information is needed to determine the nature and timescale of changes in such systems, and whether extensive management is sustainable in the long-term. This paper presents results from a range of grassland extensification experiments across Europe, mainly within the European Union, over the past 30 years that quantify the impacts on soil, plant and animal components of the system. All have the common theme of changing the focus of land management from solely the agricultural product to include a broader range of ecological and environmental objectives. Beneficial changes in biodiversity resulted from more extensive management treatments, but at the cost of reductions in total animal output, and in some cases a reduction in individual animal performance. However, it is clear that it is a long-term process to achieve many of these changes in biodiversity, and this must be recognised by policy makers. We recommend that future extensification studies adopt an approach that will allow their results to be applied throughout Europe.
{"title":"Long-term impacts of extensification of grassland management on biodiversity and productivity in upland areas. A review","authors":"C. Marriott, M. Fothergill, B. Jeangros, M. Scotton, F. Louault","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004041","url":null,"abstract":"Modern rural policies that incorporate agricultural and environmental aims within the broader framework of sustainable rural development are being formulated to address the problem of declines in grassland biodiversity and the destruction of sensitive landscapes and habitats in Europe. Extensification is the process of reducing fertiliser inputs, management intensity and stocking rates, and is central to these sustainable rural policies. However, research in the Less Favoured Areas of Europe has been fragmented and highly variable reflecting the different uses and requirements of our upland areas. Information is needed to determine the nature and timescale of changes in such systems, and whether extensive management is sustainable in the long-term. This paper presents results from a range of grassland extensification experiments across Europe, mainly within the European Union, over the past 30 years that quantify the impacts on soil, plant and animal components of the system. All have the common theme of changing the focus of land management from solely the agricultural product to include a broader range of ecological and environmental objectives. Beneficial changes in biodiversity resulted from more extensive management treatments, but at the cost of reductions in total animal output, and in some cases a reduction in individual animal performance. However, it is clear that it is a long-term process to achieve many of these changes in biodiversity, and this must be recognised by policy makers. We recommend that future extensification studies adopt an approach that will allow their results to be applied throughout Europe.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"7 1","pages":"447-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82185620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A two-year experiment was carried out to study the effects of applying untreated Olive Wastewater (OWW), treated OWW and olive pomace compost as soil amendments on both rye-grass growth and soil characteristics. We analysed growth parameters (Leaf Area Index, and fresh and dry weight), leaf green colour (SPAD readings), N uptake of the rye-grass and chemical soil characteristics. The results indicate that the highest untreated OWW application increased growth parameters by 18.2% in 2001 and by 41.1% in 2002, indicating the possible use of OWW as an amendment to rye-grass. We observed a significant increase in total, extracted and humified organic carbon, and humification parameters. No accumulations of heavy metals in the soil were observed. Furthermore, the N content in OWW was used by the rye-grass for plant growth that increases N uptake, and consequently, dry matter accumulation.
{"title":"Mill wastewater and olive pomace compost as amendments for rye-grass","authors":"F. Montemurro, G. Convertini, D. Ferri","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004044","url":null,"abstract":"A two-year experiment was carried out to study the effects of applying untreated Olive Wastewater (OWW), treated OWW and olive pomace compost as soil amendments on both rye-grass growth and soil characteristics. We analysed growth parameters (Leaf Area Index, and fresh and dry weight), leaf green colour (SPAD readings), N uptake of the rye-grass and chemical soil characteristics. The results indicate that the highest untreated OWW application increased growth parameters by 18.2% in 2001 and by 41.1% in 2002, indicating the possible use of OWW as an amendment to rye-grass. We observed a significant increase in total, extracted and humified organic carbon, and humification parameters. No accumulations of heavy metals in the soil were observed. Furthermore, the N content in OWW was used by the rye-grass for plant growth that increases N uptake, and consequently, dry matter accumulation.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"19 1","pages":"481-486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81217261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Vidotto, A. Ferrero, O. Bertoia, M. Gennari, A. Cignetti
A two-year field study (2001-2002) was carried out in N-W Italy to study the behaviour of pretilachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N-(2-propoxyethyl)acetanilide] in water and sediment of a rice field. Pretilachlor is a selective pre-emergence herbicide which is effective against annual grasses, sedges and broad-leaved weeds. The herbicide was applied in pre-seeding on a flooded rice field where water circulation was stopped for about 3 weeks after treatment. Pretilachlor concentration in the paddy water decreased by more than 90% during the first three weeks after the treatment. The amount of the herbicide in the paddy water gradually fell to levels below the sensitivity of the analytical method when water circulation was re-established. The pretilachlor concentration in the sediment gradually increased after the treatment, reaching the highest value 5 to 6 days later. The average DT 50 in water and sediment were 6.77 and 28.76 days in 2001, 4.68 and 15.01 days in 2002, respectively. The low percolation rate (0.95 and 0.79 mm day -1 in 2001 and 2002, respectively) and the high ratio of the herbicide adsorption on the sediment suggest that pretilachlor disappearance from the water was mainly the result of degradation.
在意大利西北部开展了一项为期两年的实地研究(2001-2002年)，研究了苯甲草胺[2-氯-2,6-二乙基- n -(2-丙氧乙基)乙酰苯胺]在稻田水和沉积物中的行为。苯甲草胺是一种对一年生草、莎草和阔叶杂草有效的选择性出苗前除草剂。在淹水稻田预播时施用该除草剂，处理后停止水循环约3周。处理后的前三周，稻田水中的苯甲草胺浓度下降了90%以上。水循环恢复后，稻田水中除草剂的残留量逐渐下降到分析方法灵敏度以下。处理后底泥中苯甲草胺浓度逐渐升高，5 ~ 6天后达到最高值。2001年水体和底泥平均DT 50为6.77、28.76 d, 2002年为4.68、15.01 d。沉积物的低渗透速率(2001年和2002年分别为0.95和0.79 mm day -1)和较高的除草剂吸附率表明，甲草胺从水中消失主要是降解的结果。
{"title":"Dissipation of pretilachlor in paddy water and sediment","authors":"F. Vidotto, A. Ferrero, O. Bertoia, M. Gennari, A. Cignetti","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004043","url":null,"abstract":"A two-year field study (2001-2002) was carried out in N-W Italy to study the behaviour of pretilachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N-(2-propoxyethyl)acetanilide] in water and sediment of a rice field. Pretilachlor is a selective pre-emergence herbicide which is effective against annual grasses, sedges and broad-leaved weeds. The herbicide was applied in pre-seeding on a flooded rice field where water circulation was stopped for about 3 weeks after treatment. Pretilachlor concentration in the paddy water decreased by more than 90% during the first three weeks after the treatment. The amount of the herbicide in the paddy water gradually fell to levels below the sensitivity of the analytical method when water circulation was re-established. The pretilachlor concentration in the sediment gradually increased after the treatment, reaching the highest value 5 to 6 days later. The average DT 50 in water and sediment were 6.77 and 28.76 days in 2001, 4.68 and 15.01 days in 2002, respectively. The low percolation rate (0.95 and 0.79 mm day -1 in 2001 and 2002, respectively) and the high ratio of the herbicide adsorption on the sediment suggest that pretilachlor disappearance from the water was mainly the result of degradation.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"31 1","pages":"473-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84720916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to analyze the differences of crop agronomy parameters, canopy spectral reflectance and spectral indices induced by different nitrogen application rates, and to assess the potential of discriminant analysis in discriminating cotton canopies at different nitrogen treatments. We conducted an experiment in cotton fields treated with four nitrogen application rates: 0%, 50%, 100% and 200% of the recommended rate. Results suggested that no single spectral index or canopy variable can fully characterize the canopies nitrogen status throughout the growing period. With a single vegetation index, discriminant analysis provided less than 45%, 48.8%, 61.6% accurate classifications of cotton canopies by nitrogen treatment during early, mid and late season, respectively. Nevertheless, using multi-vegetation-index model by stepwise procedure, 74.4%, 83.1% and 89.6% accuracies could be obtained during early, middle and late season, respectively.
{"title":"Hyperspectral characteristic analysis of a developing cotton canopy under different nitrogen treatments","authors":"Dehua Zhao, Jian-long Li, J. Qi","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004042","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to analyze the differences of crop agronomy parameters, canopy spectral reflectance and spectral indices induced by different nitrogen application rates, and to assess the potential of discriminant analysis in discriminating cotton canopies at different nitrogen treatments. We conducted an experiment in cotton fields treated with four nitrogen application rates: 0%, 50%, 100% and 200% of the recommended rate. Results suggested that no single spectral index or canopy variable can fully characterize the canopies nitrogen status throughout the growing period. With a single vegetation index, discriminant analysis provided less than 45%, 48.8%, 61.6% accurate classifications of cotton canopies by nitrogen treatment during early, mid and late season, respectively. Nevertheless, using multi-vegetation-index model by stepwise procedure, 74.4%, 83.1% and 89.6% accuracies could be obtained during early, middle and late season, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"143 1","pages":"463-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74316257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The generic crop model STICS was modified to take into account shallow water-table fluctuations and subsurface drainage in the context of French waterlogged soils. This was accomplished by incorporating a subsurface drainage component into STICS code. The SIDRA (Simulation du Drainage) model was adapted to a daily time-step. For the dimensional aspect, the passage from two-dimensional drainage functioning to STICS one-dimensional conceptualization is done by taking an average water elevation between drain and mid-drain spacing. Simulation performances of the new STICS were evaluated by comparing its predictions with six years (1979-1983 and 1985-1986) of measured data from the field experiment of Arrou, located in northern France. Comparisons of STICS predictions with the measurements of drain-flow rates, total drained volumes and depths to water table for different crops and drain spacings were satisfactory. Nevertheless, the performances were better for drain spacings of less than 20 m and for winter crops or covers.
{"title":"Adaptation of the STICS model to subsurface drained soils","authors":"J. Tournebize, C. Kao, Nenad Nikolić, D. Zimmer","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004030","url":null,"abstract":"The generic crop model STICS was modified to take into account shallow water-table fluctuations and subsurface drainage in the context of French waterlogged soils. This was accomplished by incorporating a subsurface drainage component into STICS code. The SIDRA (Simulation du Drainage) model was adapted to a daily time-step. For the dimensional aspect, the passage from two-dimensional drainage functioning to STICS one-dimensional conceptualization is done by taking an average water elevation between drain and mid-drain spacing. Simulation performances of the new STICS were evaluated by comparing its predictions with six years (1979-1983 and 1985-1986) of measured data from the field experiment of Arrou, located in northern France. Comparisons of STICS predictions with the measurements of drain-flow rates, total drained volumes and depths to water table for different crops and drain spacings were satisfactory. Nevertheless, the performances were better for drain spacings of less than 20 m and for winter crops or covers.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"214 3","pages":"305-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91435457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper was to develop an upscaling approach for the soil-crop model STICS in order to predict the impact of agricultural practices on nitrate leaching on both plot and regional scales. A case study was carried out on a "Nitrate Vulnerable Zone" located in central France. The performance of the spatial approach was evaluated by accounting for all the spatial and temporal variability existing within the studied area. The results indicate that N leaching and nitrate concentration in drainage water were slightly underestimated; by 3 kg N·ha-1 (16%) and 8 mg NO3-·L-1 (11%), respectively. The STICS scaling approach was used to assess the effectiveness of "Good Agricultural Practice" established within the area over a seven-year period. The simulation results provided evidence that such a practice had reduced the nitrate concentration by about 30% (36 mg NO3-·L-1). However, the rate of nitrate leaching remains too large and further improvements to agricultural practices are required.
本文的目的是为土壤作物模型发展一种升级方法，以便在地块和区域尺度上预测农业实践对硝酸盐淋失的影响。对位于法国中部的“硝酸盐脆弱区”进行了案例研究。通过考虑研究区域内存在的所有时空变异性，对空间方法的性能进行了评估。结果表明:排水中N淋溶和硝态氮浓度被略微低估;分别添加3 kg N·ha-1(16%)和8 mg NO3-·L-1(11%)。在七年的时间里，使用了STICS的尺度方法来评估该地区建立的“良好农业规范”的有效性。模拟结果表明，这种做法使硝酸盐浓度降低了约30% (36 mg NO3-·L-1)。然而，硝酸盐的浸出率仍然太大，需要进一步改进农业实践。
{"title":"The STICS model to predict nitrate leaching following agricultural practices","authors":"Nathalie, SCHNEBELENa, Bernard, NICOULLAUDc, Hocine, BOURENNANEc, Alain, COUTURIERc, VERBEQUEd, Christian, REVALIERd, Ary, BRUANDe","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004039","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper was to develop an upscaling approach for the soil-crop model STICS in order to predict the impact of agricultural practices on nitrate leaching on both plot and regional scales. A case study was carried out on a \"Nitrate Vulnerable Zone\" located in central France. The performance of the spatial approach was evaluated by accounting for all the spatial and temporal variability existing within the studied area. The results indicate that N leaching and nitrate concentration in drainage water were slightly underestimated; by 3 kg N·ha-1 (16%) and 8 mg NO3-·L-1 (11%), respectively. The STICS scaling approach was used to assess the effectiveness of \"Good Agricultural Practice\" established within the area over a seven-year period. The simulation results provided evidence that such a practice had reduced the nitrate concentration by about 30% (36 mg NO3-·L-1). However, the rate of nitrate leaching remains too large and further improvements to agricultural practices are required.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"1 1","pages":"423-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88666968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crop simulation models are frequently used to evaluate the impacts of water resources (soil, weather and irrigation) on crop production and the environment. This study illustrates the possibilities offered by STICS 4.0 in water-limited environments. Numerical experiments were carried out on winter wheat in order to evaluate drought escape and crop rationing in 3 climatic environments: Avignon, Meknes (Morocco) and Toulouse. The Passioura [33] framework which disaggregates grain yield of cereals into 3 terms: water transpired, transpiration efficiency and the harvest index, was used to analyze the simulation results. Interactions between cultivar earliness and water supply were shown for yield: early-maturing genotypes yielded more in semi-arid conditions because of terminal stress; where intermittent stress was observed (as in Toulouse), no stable ranking was observed between cultivars differing by the date of anthesis.[...]
{"title":"Scenario analysis for cereal management in water-limited conditions by the means of a crop simulation model (STICS)","authors":"P. Debaeke","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004035","url":null,"abstract":"Crop simulation models are frequently used to evaluate the impacts of water resources (soil, weather and irrigation) on crop production and the environment. This study illustrates the possibilities offered by STICS 4.0 in water-limited environments. Numerical experiments were carried out on winter wheat in order to evaluate drought escape and crop rationing in 3 climatic environments: Avignon, Meknes (Morocco) and Toulouse. The Passioura [33] framework which disaggregates grain yield of cereals into 3 terms: water transpired, transpiration efficiency and the harvest index, was used to analyze the simulation results. Interactions between cultivar earliness and water supply were shown for yield: early-maturing genotypes yielded more in semi-arid conditions because of terminal stress; where intermittent stress was observed (as in Toulouse), no stable ranking was observed between cultivars differing by the date of anthesis.[...]","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"19 1","pages":"315-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87930635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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