The effect of urea, sulfate ammonium, nitrate potassium and horse manure on S. rolfsii was tested in vitro, alone and in combination with T. harzianum. Tests on liquid culture media showed that Sclerotium rolfsii did not utilize urea as a source of nitrogen while sulfate ammonium and nitrate potassium allowed the growth of the fungus. On a solid medium, the fertilizers at rates of 12 g N.m -2 and 18 g N.m -2 had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii mycelium. The highest effect was observed for urea. In contrast, Trichoderma harzianum assimilated all fertilizers but had a preference for sulfate ammonium. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Sclerotium rolfsii on solid culture media was stimulated in the presence of the three nitrogen sources. The horse manure at high rates inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii, favored the development of T. harzianum and enhanced its antagonistic effect on S. rolfsii. The confrontation of Trichoderma harzianum with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii in soil fertilized separately with urea, sulfate ammonium, nitrate potassium or manure showed an increase in the antagonistic activity. Particularly, the manure in combination with T. harzianum induced high mortality of sclerotia of the fungus. In the agronomic context of the region of Doukkala, it seems adequate to add these nitrogen sources to contribute to the biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii.
研究了尿素、硫酸铵、硝态钾和马粪对罗尔夫氏梭菌的体外、单独和联合作用。液体培养基试验表明，罗尔夫氏菌核菌不以尿素为氮源，而硫酸铵和硝态钾可使菌核菌生长。在固体培养基上，施用12 g N.m -2和18 g N.m -2对罗氏菌丝体生长有抑制作用。尿素的效果最好。哈茨木霉对所有肥料均有吸收作用，但对硫酸铵有较强的吸收能力。三种氮源的存在刺激了哈兹木霉在固体培养基上对罗氏菌核的拮抗活性。高产马粪抑制了罗氏弧菌的生长，有利于哈茨芽孢杆菌的发育，增强了其对罗氏弧菌的拮抗作用。分别施用尿素、硫酸铵、硝态钾或粪肥的土壤，哈茨木霉与罗氏菌核的对抗活性增强。其中，粪便与哈茨霉菌复合处理，菌核死亡率较高。在Doukkala地区的农艺环境下，添加这些氮源对罗氏菌核菌的生物防治似乎是足够的。
{"title":"Effect of nitrogen fertilizers and Trichoderma harzianum on Sclerotium rolfsii","authors":"Naima Khattabi, B. Ezzahiri, L. Louali, A. Oihabi","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004026","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of urea, sulfate ammonium, nitrate potassium and horse manure on S. rolfsii was tested in vitro, alone and in combination with T. harzianum. Tests on liquid culture media showed that Sclerotium rolfsii did not utilize urea as a source of nitrogen while sulfate ammonium and nitrate potassium allowed the growth of the fungus. On a solid medium, the fertilizers at rates of 12 g N.m -2 and 18 g N.m -2 had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii mycelium. The highest effect was observed for urea. In contrast, Trichoderma harzianum assimilated all fertilizers but had a preference for sulfate ammonium. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Sclerotium rolfsii on solid culture media was stimulated in the presence of the three nitrogen sources. The horse manure at high rates inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii, favored the development of T. harzianum and enhanced its antagonistic effect on S. rolfsii. The confrontation of Trichoderma harzianum with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii in soil fertilized separately with urea, sulfate ammonium, nitrate potassium or manure showed an increase in the antagonistic activity. Particularly, the manure in combination with T. harzianum induced high mortality of sclerotia of the fungus. In the agronomic context of the region of Doukkala, it seems adequate to add these nitrogen sources to contribute to the biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"70 1","pages":"281-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72727104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both particulate phosphorus (PP) and soluble phosphorus (SP) contribute to the eutrophication of water bodies. This research focuses on the mechanisms and factors controlling SP exports at the watershed scale in a case study located in Southern France. Variability in the P concentrations and fluxes was analysed over a period of 6 years in a 302-ha rural watershed. During most of the hydrological periods, reservoirs and pathways for PP and SP seemed to be different both in time and space; differences were greatest during storm flows of the early wet season. Their high SP fluxes and concentrations were due to the P released from agricultural soils as shown by a P mass balance downstream/upstream. During these flushing periods, soluble forms of P follow a hydrochemical behaviour quite similar to solutes and are transferred in relationship to subsurface flows, as shown by a detailed monitoring of the transition from dry to wet season on an agricultural sub-watershed. soluble phosphorus / watershed / no point source / storm flows / losses
{"title":"Soluble phosphorus dynamics in an agricultural watershed","authors":"L. Jordan-Meille, J. Dorioz","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004021","url":null,"abstract":"Both particulate phosphorus (PP) and soluble phosphorus (SP) contribute to the eutrophication of water bodies. This research focuses on the mechanisms and factors controlling SP exports at the watershed scale in a case study located in Southern France. Variability in the P concentrations and fluxes was analysed over a period of 6 years in a 302-ha rural watershed. During most of the hydrological periods, reservoirs and pathways for PP and SP seemed to be different both in time and space; differences were greatest during storm flows of the early wet season. Their high SP fluxes and concentrations were due to the P released from agricultural soils as shown by a P mass balance downstream/upstream. During these flushing periods, soluble forms of P follow a hydrochemical behaviour quite similar to solutes and are transferred in relationship to subsurface flows, as shown by a detailed monitoring of the transition from dry to wet season on an agricultural sub-watershed. soluble phosphorus / watershed / no point source / storm flows / losses","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"105 1","pages":"237-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89099861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Field experiments which consisted of the incubation of soil within polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubes inserted in glass jars previously buried in potato crop rows were conducted in order to measure the contribution of soil organic matter and organic amendments to the N nutrition of the crop. The experiments were carried out in Braganca, NE Portugal, in the summer seasons of 1996-1998. Five treatments including farmyard manure, poultry manure, municipal solid wastes, urea and the control were used. Manures and urea were applied in rates which correspond to 100 kg N/ha. Nitrogen released from soil organic matter and manures was checked through crop N recovered and petiole nitrate concentrations. In the plots of urea treatments 80.1, 68.4 and 98.8 mg NO 3 -N kg -1 were released during the entire growing seasons of 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. In the control treatments 64.1, 41.5 and 55.4 mg NO 3 -N kg -1 were recorded. The mean values of NO 3 -N yielded from amended plots were not statistically different than control, excluding the plots of poultry manure on the initial sampling dates at the start of incubation. The measured amounts of inorganic N mineralized in the field from native soil organic matter were five to eight times higher than previous laboratory estimates from soil analysis. These results demonstrated that soils with low levels of organic matter could release significant amounts of inorganic N during a cropping season. Soil N availability estimated from the incubation technique was confirmed by petiole nitrate concentrations and closely related to the crop N recovered. However, in the plots of urea treatments some inconsistencies were found, probably originating from the leaching of urea as a molecular form to layers below the limit of soil coring. Soil N balance showed that more than 82% of inorganic N released from organic matter came from the 14-cm soil surface layer.
为了测量土壤有机质和有机改型对作物氮营养的贡献，进行了田间试验，将聚氯乙烯(PVC)管插入先前埋在马铃薯作物行的玻璃罐中。实验于1996-1998年夏季在葡萄牙东北部的布拉干卡进行。采用农家肥、禽粪、城市生活垃圾、尿素和对照5种处理。粪肥和尿素按100 kg N/ha施用。通过作物氮素恢复量和叶柄硝酸盐浓度测定土壤有机质和粪便中氮的释放量。1996年、1997年和1998年全生育期氮素释放量分别为80.1、68.4和98.8 mg。对照处理分别为64.1、41.5和55.4 mg no3 -N kg -1。除孵育开始时取样日期的禽粪样地外，改良样地的硝态氮产量均值与对照无统计学差异。从原生土壤有机质中测量到的无机氮矿化量比以前实验室土壤分析估计的高5到8倍。这些结果表明，低有机质水平的土壤在一个种植季节可以释放大量的无机氮。利用培养技术估算的土壤氮素有效性与叶柄硝酸盐浓度一致，且与作物氮素恢复密切相关。然而，在尿素处理的地块中发现了一些不一致，可能是由于尿素以分子形式淋滤到低于土壤取心极限的层。土壤氮平衡表明，有机质释放的无机氮82%以上来自14 cm土壤表层。
{"title":"An in situ incubation technique to measure the contribution of organic nitrogen to potatoes","authors":"M. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004022","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments which consisted of the incubation of soil within polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubes inserted in glass jars previously buried in potato crop rows were conducted in order to measure the contribution of soil organic matter and organic amendments to the N nutrition of the crop. The experiments were carried out in Braganca, NE Portugal, in the summer seasons of 1996-1998. Five treatments including farmyard manure, poultry manure, municipal solid wastes, urea and the control were used. Manures and urea were applied in rates which correspond to 100 kg N/ha. Nitrogen released from soil organic matter and manures was checked through crop N recovered and petiole nitrate concentrations. In the plots of urea treatments 80.1, 68.4 and 98.8 mg NO 3 -N kg -1 were released during the entire growing seasons of 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. In the control treatments 64.1, 41.5 and 55.4 mg NO 3 -N kg -1 were recorded. The mean values of NO 3 -N yielded from amended plots were not statistically different than control, excluding the plots of poultry manure on the initial sampling dates at the start of incubation. The measured amounts of inorganic N mineralized in the field from native soil organic matter were five to eight times higher than previous laboratory estimates from soil analysis. These results demonstrated that soils with low levels of organic matter could release significant amounts of inorganic N during a cropping season. Soil N availability estimated from the incubation technique was confirmed by petiole nitrate concentrations and closely related to the crop N recovered. However, in the plots of urea treatments some inconsistencies were found, probably originating from the leaching of urea as a molecular form to layers below the limit of soil coring. Soil N balance showed that more than 82% of inorganic N released from organic matter came from the 14-cm soil surface layer.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"4 1","pages":"249-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82493152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The irrigation of pot crops requires considerable follow-up because the autonomy of the water reserve of the growing medium is low in relation to plant water requirements. Computerised systems for irrigation management are therefore under investigation. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used on different peat-based mixtures to which perlite or composted bark were added in volumetric ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Calibration equations (linear or polynomial) established between the water content and dielectric constant were obtained for each mixture. Their precision is highly satisfactory (R 2 > 0.95), except for the mixture with 100% perlite. However, this method requires an equation per growing medium. We therefore attempted to establish a general formula that could be applied to binary peat-based mixtures. We tested second-order polynomial calibration equations, a function of the dielectric constant measured as well as the volume percent of complementary material added to the peat (bark or perlite). The precision of these equations is excellent for all mixtures (R 2 > 0.96). For all practical purposes, this approach would considerably simplify the use of TDR for computerised irrigation management because it would introduce only a limited number of parametric equations into the irrigation system.
{"title":"Control of the moisture content of growing media by time domain reflectometry (TDR)","authors":"P. Morel, J. Michel","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004023","url":null,"abstract":"The irrigation of pot crops requires considerable follow-up because the autonomy of the water reserve of the growing medium is low in relation to plant water requirements. Computerised systems for irrigation management are therefore under investigation. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used on different peat-based mixtures to which perlite or composted bark were added in volumetric ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Calibration equations (linear or polynomial) established between the water content and dielectric constant were obtained for each mixture. Their precision is highly satisfactory (R 2 > 0.95), except for the mixture with 100% perlite. However, this method requires an equation per growing medium. We therefore attempted to establish a general formula that could be applied to binary peat-based mixtures. We tested second-order polynomial calibration equations, a function of the dielectric constant measured as well as the volume percent of complementary material added to the peat (bark or perlite). The precision of these equations is excellent for all mixtures (R 2 > 0.96). For all practical purposes, this approach would considerably simplify the use of TDR for computerised irrigation management because it would introduce only a limited number of parametric equations into the irrigation system.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"17 1","pages":"275-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81903445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaouakeb Elkhattabi, A. Bouhaouss, C. Perrin-Ganier, M. Schiavon
The study of the adsorption, desorption, degradation and stabilization of 14 C-isoproturon in two clayey Moroccan soils of the Gharb area were investigated under laboratory conditions. Adsorption follows a non-linear isotherm. A strong affinity of clays to isoproturon was observed. Dehs soil affinity to isoproturon is stronger than that of the Tirs soil, with: K OC = 112.1 and 84.5, respectively. Non-extractible residues reached 36.3%, 35.4% and 32.0% of initial applied amounts in 60 days, respectively, for the Tirs soil, the Tirs soil treated with nitrogen and the Dehs soil. The pseudo half-life of isoproturon ranged from 31 to 50 days. Degradation products of isoproturon were N'-(4-isopropylphenyl)- N,N-dimethylurea and N'-[4-(2-hydroxyisopropylphenyl)]-N-methylurea, and other non-identified products.
在实验室条件下，研究了14 - c -异proturon在摩洛哥Gharb地区两种粘性土壤中的吸附、解吸、降解和稳定性。吸附遵循非线性等温线。粘土对异proturon有很强的亲和性。Dehs土壤对异proturon的亲和性强于Tirs土壤，K OC分别为112.1和84.5。Tirs土壤、施氮处理的Tirs土壤和Dehs土壤60 d的不可提取残留量分别达到初始施用量的36.3%、35.4%和32.0%。异proturon的伪半衰期为31 ~ 50天。异丙醇的降解产物为N'-(4-异丙基苯基)- N,N-二甲基脲和N'-[4-(2-羟基异丙基苯基)]-N-甲基脲以及其他未鉴定的产物。
{"title":"Fate of isoproturon in two Moroccan soils","authors":"Kaouakeb Elkhattabi, A. Bouhaouss, C. Perrin-Ganier, M. Schiavon","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004019","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the adsorption, desorption, degradation and stabilization of 14 C-isoproturon in two clayey Moroccan soils of the Gharb area were investigated under laboratory conditions. Adsorption follows a non-linear isotherm. A strong affinity of clays to isoproturon was observed. Dehs soil affinity to isoproturon is stronger than that of the Tirs soil, with: K OC = 112.1 and 84.5, respectively. Non-extractible residues reached 36.3%, 35.4% and 32.0% of initial applied amounts in 60 days, respectively, for the Tirs soil, the Tirs soil treated with nitrogen and the Dehs soil. The pseudo half-life of isoproturon ranged from 31 to 50 days. Degradation products of isoproturon were N'-(4-isopropylphenyl)- N,N-dimethylurea and N'-[4-(2-hydroxyisopropylphenyl)]-N-methylurea, and other non-identified products.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"37 1","pages":"177-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87411555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a methodology to test the performance of assimilation of satellite data into models for the functioning of the continental surface. This methodology applies the Kalman Ensemble Filter to modelling of plant growth and senescence in conjunction with the water and energy exchanges at the land surface. It belongs to a family of methods known in meteorology and oceanography as the Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) approach. By combining information from modelling and observation, the Kalman Ensemble Filter permits corrections in real time of the simulated state of the continental surface, as well as propagation in time of the associated uncertainties. The OSSE approach may present a first step in designing a decision support system, and also in predicting the usefulness of new types of satellite data.
{"title":"A methodology to test the pertinence of remote-sensing data assimilation into vegetation models for water and energy exchange at the land surface","authors":"J. Pellenq, G. Boulet","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology to test the performance of assimilation of satellite data into models for the functioning of the continental surface. This methodology applies the Kalman Ensemble Filter to modelling of plant growth and senescence in conjunction with the water and energy exchanges at the land surface. It belongs to a family of methods known in meteorology and oceanography as the Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) approach. By combining information from modelling and observation, the Kalman Ensemble Filter permits corrections in real time of the simulated state of the continental surface, as well as propagation in time of the associated uncertainties. The OSSE approach may present a first step in designing a decision support system, and also in predicting the usefulness of new types of satellite data.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"37 1","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77854413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Characterization of the spatial organization of agricultural practices is required for an assessment of the risks of diffuse pollution by pesticides. In the case of a vineyard catchment in Southern France, the authors hypothesized that the diversity of weed control practices is spatially organized at different levels. The practices were characterized on the basis of interviews with 27 vine-growers belonging to two different wineries. Three practices were differentiated according to the intensity of herbicide use. The results showed that field characteristics related to inter-row width play an important role in the weed control choices but fully make sense in the context of the holding, where choices of practices are related to the size of the workforce and the structure of the vineyard. The supply basin of a co-operative winery appeared as a third level of organization of the practices as the wineries direct the structure of their members' vineyards through their incentive policy. Finally, the possibility of using the results to localize weed control practices is discussed.
{"title":"Analyzing the determinants of spatial distribution of weed control practices in a Languedoc vineyard catchment","authors":"A. Biarnès, P. Rio, Aurélie Hocheux","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004018","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of the spatial organization of agricultural practices is required for an assessment of the risks of diffuse pollution by pesticides. In the case of a vineyard catchment in Southern France, the authors hypothesized that the diversity of weed control practices is spatially organized at different levels. The practices were characterized on the basis of interviews with 27 vine-growers belonging to two different wineries. Three practices were differentiated according to the intensity of herbicide use. The results showed that field characteristics related to inter-row width play an important role in the weed control choices but fully make sense in the context of the holding, where choices of practices are related to the size of the workforce and the structure of the vineyard. The supply basin of a co-operative winery appeared as a third level of organization of the practices as the wineries direct the structure of their members' vineyards through their incentive policy. Finally, the possibility of using the results to localize weed control practices is discussed.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"63 1","pages":"187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85467253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Faivre, D. Leenhardt, M. Voltz, M. Benoît, F. Papy, G. Dedieu, D. Wallach
There are many incentives for applying a crop model at a regional scale, i.e. over an area larger than that for which it has been developed. This is what we call “spatialising” a crop model. These large areas can have very heterogeneous soil, climate and management practices. Consequently, spatialising a crop model can pose serious problems. One set arises from the fact that the basic concepts, hypotheses and validity domains of crop models are derived at the plot scale and may not apply at a larger scale. Another set arises from the lack of adequate and sufficient data to run the model at a regional scale. The workshop held in Toulouse (France) on 14–15 January 2002 dealt with the topic of spatialising crop models. The present paper is a comprehensive summary of the thoughts we had before, during and after the workshop.
{"title":"Spatialising crop models","authors":"R. Faivre, D. Leenhardt, M. Voltz, M. Benoît, F. Papy, G. Dedieu, D. Wallach","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004016","url":null,"abstract":"There are many incentives for applying a crop model at a regional scale, i.e. over an area larger than that for which it has been developed. This is what we call “spatialising” a crop model. These large areas can have very heterogeneous soil, climate and management practices. Consequently, spatialising a crop model can pose serious problems. One set arises from the fact that the basic concepts, hypotheses and validity domains of crop models are derived at the plot scale and may not apply at a larger scale. Another set arises from the lack of adequate and sufficient data to run the model at a regional scale. The workshop held in Toulouse (France) on 14–15 January 2002 dealt with the topic of spatialising crop models. The present paper is a comprehensive summary of the thoughts we had before, during and after the workshop.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"9 3 1","pages":"205-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72959353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Antonio Lucas García, A. Probanza, B. Ramos, M. Palomino, F. Mañero
The effects of inoculation with a strain of Bacillus licheniformis on the growth of pepper and tomato were investigated in three experiments, one under seedbed conditions and two under greenhouse production conditions. In the first experiment, the bacterium significantly increased the height of plants and the leaf area in both species and in both cultivars. Effects were greater on pepper than on tomato. In the second experiment, seedlings growing in sand and in hydroponic culture were studied. The number and diameter of tomato fruits produced in sand and in hydroponic medium were increased significantly by inoculation. Treated plants had less disease than non-treated plants. In the third experiment the total weight of pepper harvested from inoculated plants increased significantly with regard to control non-inoculated plants. This strain had considerable colonisation and competitive ability, and it could be used as a biofertiliser or biocontrol agent without altering normal management in greenhouses.
{"title":"Effect of inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis on tomato and pepper","authors":"José Antonio Lucas García, A. Probanza, B. Ramos, M. Palomino, F. Mañero","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004020","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of inoculation with a strain of Bacillus licheniformis on the growth of pepper and tomato were investigated in three experiments, one under seedbed conditions and two under greenhouse production conditions. In the first experiment, the bacterium significantly increased the height of plants and the leaf area in both species and in both cultivars. Effects were greater on pepper than on tomato. In the second experiment, seedlings growing in sand and in hydroponic culture were studied. The number and diameter of tomato fruits produced in sand and in hydroponic medium were increased significantly by inoculation. Treated plants had less disease than non-treated plants. In the third experiment the total weight of pepper harvested from inoculated plants increased significantly with regard to control non-inoculated plants. This strain had considerable colonisation and competitive ability, and it could be used as a biofertiliser or biocontrol agent without altering normal management in greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"16 1","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74449259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within an interdisciplinary research programme which has aimed at modelling the nitrate flow evolution in the whole Seine basin since the seventies, we propose a methodological process in order to reconstitute and spatialise cropping systems' dynamics, whose characteristics are used to implement the STICS agronomic model. This process makes use of both expert opinions and departmental or national agricultural statistics that are compared, step by step, in order to build the most reliable database in relation to the time and space scales considered. Data mining and statistical cartography methods are, respectively used to model the crop sequences' temporal evolution and to spatialise them over the spatial pattern of the agricultural districts. The results show an important spatial and temporal differentiation of the cropping systems, both in the cropping sequences developed and in the cultivation techniques employed. Crossing several information sources allows the identification of historical trends, but with a decreasing precision as we go back in time.
{"title":"Spatial dynamics of agricultural practices on a basin territory: a retrospective study to implement models simulating nitrate flow. The case of the Seine basin","authors":"C. Mignolet, C. Schott, M. Benoît","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004015","url":null,"abstract":"Within an interdisciplinary research programme which has aimed at modelling the nitrate flow evolution in the whole Seine basin since the seventies, we propose a methodological process in order to reconstitute and spatialise cropping systems' dynamics, whose characteristics are used to implement the STICS agronomic model. This process makes use of both expert opinions and departmental or national agricultural statistics that are compared, step by step, in order to build the most reliable database in relation to the time and space scales considered. Data mining and statistical cartography methods are, respectively used to model the crop sequences' temporal evolution and to spatialise them over the spatial pattern of the agricultural districts. The results show an important spatial and temporal differentiation of the cropping systems, both in the cropping sequences developed and in the cultivation techniques employed. Crossing several information sources allows the identification of historical trends, but with a decreasing precision as we go back in time.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"16 1","pages":"219-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81690636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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