Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is an Al-accumulating plant, taking up a large amount of aluminium (Al). However, information about Al transport into the roots is limited. In the present study, the absorption of Al by intact roots of young tea plants as well as the effects of fluoride, and solution pH were investigated. The absorption of Al by intact tea roots can be described by two phases, a rapid phase in the first 60 min followed by a slower phase for at least 24 h, which is not different from those observed in non-Al-accumulating plants. This pattern remained more or less the same after citric acid desorption for 30 min, being non-linear until the end of the initial 60 min. Absorption of Al was significantly influenced by solution pH, increasing remarkably from pH 3.2 to 4.8. A combined supply of Al and F in the nutrient solution significantly reduced the uptake of Al.
{"title":"Aluminium absorption by intact roots of the Al-accumulating plant Camellia sinensis L.","authors":"J. Ruan, M. Wong","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004012","url":null,"abstract":"Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is an Al-accumulating plant, taking up a large amount of aluminium (Al). However, information about Al transport into the roots is limited. In the present study, the absorption of Al by intact roots of young tea plants as well as the effects of fluoride, and solution pH were investigated. The absorption of Al by intact tea roots can be described by two phases, a rapid phase in the first 60 min followed by a slower phase for at least 24 h, which is not different from those observed in non-Al-accumulating plants. This pattern remained more or less the same after citric acid desorption for 30 min, being non-linear until the end of the initial 60 min. Absorption of Al was significantly influenced by solution pH, increasing remarkably from pH 3.2 to 4.8. A combined supply of Al and F in the nutrient solution significantly reduced the uptake of Al.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"1 1","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91017246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Cámara-Zapata, F. García-Sánchez, V. Martínez, M. Nieves, A. Cerdá
We investigated the effects of salinity stress-relief on the growth and mineral composition (leaf and root) of one-year-old seedlings of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Sour orange (Citrus aurantium [L]). Salinization reduced plant dry weight more in Sour orange than in Cleopatra mandarin plants, although there was no correlation between Cl and Na concentration in leaves and shoot fresh weight reduction. We observed that regulation of Na + and Cl - uptake and transport from root to shoot appear to involve different mechanisms which break down during a long period of salinization. Salinity induced a decrease in K + , Ca 2+ and total N in Cleopatra mandarin leaves and an increase in K + in Sour orange leaves. Growth of both cultivars was not recovered totally in the relief period, since relative growth rates of recovered plants were lower than for control plants after 60 days of relief.
{"title":"Effect of NaCl on citrus cultivars","authors":"J. M. Cámara-Zapata, F. García-Sánchez, V. Martínez, M. Nieves, A. Cerdá","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004013","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the effects of salinity stress-relief on the growth and mineral composition (leaf and root) of one-year-old seedlings of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Sour orange (Citrus aurantium [L]). Salinization reduced plant dry weight more in Sour orange than in Cleopatra mandarin plants, although there was no correlation between Cl and Na concentration in leaves and shoot fresh weight reduction. We observed that regulation of Na + and Cl - uptake and transport from root to shoot appear to involve different mechanisms which break down during a long period of salinization. Salinity induced a decrease in K + , Ca 2+ and total N in Cleopatra mandarin leaves and an increase in K + in Sour orange leaves. Growth of both cultivars was not recovered totally in the relief period, since relative growth rates of recovered plants were lower than for control plants after 60 days of relief.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"33 1","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89589221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate the effects of soil applications of bentazone, isoproturon, fluchloralin and 2,4-D on plant vitality, chlorophyll content, N and protein content, nodulation and seed production in chickpea, inoculated with Mesorhizobium ciceri. Applying ten times the recommended rates of all herbicides adversely affected the plant vigor, total chlorophyll content and nitrogen (N) content in shoot and seed production. Fluchloralin and 2,4-D gave the highest adverse effects on seed production in chickpea while protein content in seeds increased significantly following herbicide applications but decreased with an increase in application rates. The ten times the recommended rates of bentazone and 2,4-D completely decreased nodulation. Nodule occupancy determined by immunoblot assay ranged between 72 and 89 percent, while each rate of the four herbicides except the normal dose of bentazone showed an adverse effect on rhizobial populations within single nodules of the chickpea plant.
{"title":"Influence of herbicides on Chickpea-Mesorhizobium symbiosis","authors":"M. Khan, A. Zaidi, M. Aamil","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004009","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate the effects of soil applications of bentazone, isoproturon, fluchloralin and 2,4-D on plant vitality, chlorophyll content, N and protein content, nodulation and seed production in chickpea, inoculated with Mesorhizobium ciceri. Applying ten times the recommended rates of all herbicides adversely affected the plant vigor, total chlorophyll content and nitrogen (N) content in shoot and seed production. Fluchloralin and 2,4-D gave the highest adverse effects on seed production in chickpea while protein content in seeds increased significantly following herbicide applications but decreased with an increase in application rates. The ten times the recommended rates of bentazone and 2,4-D completely decreased nodulation. Nodule occupancy determined by immunoblot assay ranged between 72 and 89 percent, while each rate of the four herbicides except the normal dose of bentazone showed an adverse effect on rhizobial populations within single nodules of the chickpea plant.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"13 1","pages":"123-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80021461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of grass strips on runoff interception, sediment trapping and soil loss were studied during two agricultural seasons. Field studies, conducted on loamy soil susceptible to sealing, allowed the comparison of three situations corresponding to buffer strip widths of 0, 3 and 6 m located at the downslope end of a winter wheat field. In 1997-98 the 6-m grass strips led to an average increase in infiltration of 87% with a coefficient of variation of 16% in comparison with a situation where no grass strip was present. The 3-m grass strip showed a slightly lower and more variable efficiency (average: 80%, coefficient of variation: 19% in 97/98). Maximum grass strip infiltrability was estimated at about 50 mm/h. Grass strips reduced the event mean sediment concentration by a factor of four on average. Sediments deposited in the grass strip were enriched in sand and coarse silt, whereas exported sediments contained twice as much clay and fine silt as the soil surface horizon. Net soil loss from the field was decreased by 76% in 96/97 and by 98% in 97/98 for the 6-m grass strip.
{"title":"Grass strip effects on runoff and soil loss","authors":"Yves Le Bissonnais, V�ronique Lecomte, O. Cerdan","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004010","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of grass strips on runoff interception, sediment trapping and soil loss were studied during two agricultural seasons. Field studies, conducted on loamy soil susceptible to sealing, allowed the comparison of three situations corresponding to buffer strip widths of 0, 3 and 6 m located at the downslope end of a winter wheat field. In 1997-98 the 6-m grass strips led to an average increase in infiltration of 87% with a coefficient of variation of 16% in comparison with a situation where no grass strip was present. The 3-m grass strip showed a slightly lower and more variable efficiency (average: 80%, coefficient of variation: 19% in 97/98). Maximum grass strip infiltrability was estimated at about 50 mm/h. Grass strips reduced the event mean sediment concentration by a factor of four on average. Sediments deposited in the grass strip were enriched in sand and coarse silt, whereas exported sediments contained twice as much clay and fine silt as the soil surface horizon. Net soil loss from the field was decreased by 76% in 96/97 and by 98% in 97/98 for the 6-m grass strip.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"5 1","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82779047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To meet future food demand, world rice production must increase in the next few decades, which is possible only by effective use of soil and water resources and inputs. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen, N, application and deficit irrigation treatments including a sprinkler, intermittent flooding and continuous flood irrigation, and their interaction with the N-use efficiency and grain protein of a local lowland rice cultivar. The results indicated that low (sprinkler irrigation) and high (continuous flood irrigation) applied water affected the plant and soil factors in N uptake and decreased N-use efficiency for rice. Therefore, optimum applied water was obtained in intermittent flooding (2-day interval). Reduction in nitrogen uptake at high applied water can be due to the effect of nitrate leaching in the root zone and the reduction in N uptake at low applied water can be due to the inability of the roots to absorb N and translocate it to the plant top. With respect to the relationship between N uptake and grain protein and leaf chlorophyll, these parameters can also be affected by applied water and N application. Appropriate linear models were proposed to show these relationships. At different times of soil nitrogen measurements and N application rates, maximum nitrogen leaching (about 50%) occurred in continuous flooding irrigation.
{"title":"Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on nitrogen-use efficiency and grain protein of rice","authors":"N. Pirmoradian, A. Sepaskhah, M. Maftoun","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004011","url":null,"abstract":"To meet future food demand, world rice production must increase in the next few decades, which is possible only by effective use of soil and water resources and inputs. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen, N, application and deficit irrigation treatments including a sprinkler, intermittent flooding and continuous flood irrigation, and their interaction with the N-use efficiency and grain protein of a local lowland rice cultivar. The results indicated that low (sprinkler irrigation) and high (continuous flood irrigation) applied water affected the plant and soil factors in N uptake and decreased N-use efficiency for rice. Therefore, optimum applied water was obtained in intermittent flooding (2-day interval). Reduction in nitrogen uptake at high applied water can be due to the effect of nitrate leaching in the root zone and the reduction in N uptake at low applied water can be due to the inability of the roots to absorb N and translocate it to the plant top. With respect to the relationship between N uptake and grain protein and leaf chlorophyll, these parameters can also be affected by applied water and N application. Appropriate linear models were proposed to show these relationships. At different times of soil nitrogen measurements and N application rates, maximum nitrogen leaching (about 50%) occurred in continuous flooding irrigation.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"36 1","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76959252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence and the establishment of beans are affected by bean seed fly attacks, soil fungi and crust formation. This work was carried out during 1998 and 1999 in the province of Leon (Spain). A split-split-plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was the bean cultivar (Rinon de Leon and Canela), the subplot was the application system of pesticides (untreated, treatment of seed before sowing and treatment of seed during sowing) and the sub-subplot was the sowing technique: sowing in raised beds, sowing in flat land without adding substratum, sowing in flat land adding sawdust and sowing in flat land adding vermiculite. The sowing in flat land, adding substrate to the sowing line, allowed the acceleration of the common bean emergence and the improvement of its establishment. Application of pesticides to the sowing line accelerated the bean emergence. Highly significant interaction between environment and sowing technique was obtained for all characters recorded.
{"title":"Influence of sowing techniques and pesticide application on the emergence and the establishment of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","authors":"J. B. Valenciano, P. Casquero, J. A. Boto","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004007","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence and the establishment of beans are affected by bean seed fly attacks, soil fungi and crust formation. This work was carried out during 1998 and 1999 in the province of Leon (Spain). A split-split-plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was the bean cultivar (Rinon de Leon and Canela), the subplot was the application system of pesticides (untreated, treatment of seed before sowing and treatment of seed during sowing) and the sub-subplot was the sowing technique: sowing in raised beds, sowing in flat land without adding substratum, sowing in flat land adding sawdust and sowing in flat land adding vermiculite. The sowing in flat land, adding substrate to the sowing line, allowed the acceleration of the common bean emergence and the improvement of its establishment. Application of pesticides to the sowing line accelerated the bean emergence. Highly significant interaction between environment and sowing technique was obtained for all characters recorded.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"42 1","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86373424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of low mineral supply on plant growth and the uptake and redistribution of mineral N by different plant organs according to the period of uptake. A glasshouse study was conducted on two pea genotypes, L833 and cv. Frisson, fed without or with 4 mM NO 3 . Plants fed with 4 mM N were labelled for 5 days with 15 N at three stages: 7 leaf stage, beginning of flowering, and beginning of seed filling. Plants were harvested at day 6 and at later stages. The results indicated for the two genotypes that supplying 4 mM N to the plants significantly increased their total dry weight up to the beginning of seed filling, whereas nodule dry weight was reduced. Genotype differences in N uptake and redistribution among plant organs were minor. When plants were labelled with 15 N at early stages of growth, about 60% of total plant 15 N was located in leaves. At maturity the proportion of 15 N recovered in seeds was about 60% for both genotypes. When plants were labelled at the beginning of seed filling, 15 N was mainly located in young organs such as upper leaves, pods and seeds. During seed fill the remobilisation of 15 N to seeds occurred from all organs of the plant. At physiological maturity about 70% of 15 N was located in seeds.
本研究的目的是确定低矿物质供应对植物生长的影响，以及不同植物器官对矿物质氮的吸收和再分配。对L833和cv两个豌豆基因型进行了温室试验。弗里松，不加或加4毫米NO . 3。饲喂4 mM N的植株，在7叶期、开花期和灌浆期3个阶段用15 N标记5 d。在第6天和后期收获植株。结果表明:补给量为4mm N的2个基因型植株灌浆前总干重显著增加，而根瘤干重显著降低;植物各器官间氮素吸收和再分配的基因型差异较小。当植株在生长早期施用15n时，植株总15n的约60%分布在叶片中。成熟时，两种基因型籽粒中15n的回收率均在60%左右。在灌种初期对植株进行标记时，15n主要分布在上部叶片、豆荚和种子等幼嫩器官中。在补种过程中，植株各器官向种子再输送15n。生理成熟时，约70%的15n分布在种子中。
{"title":"15NO3 assimilation by the field Pea Pisum sativum L.","authors":"S. Atta, S. Maltese, P. Marget, R. Cousin","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004003","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of low mineral supply on plant growth and the uptake and redistribution of mineral N by different plant organs according to the period of uptake. A glasshouse study was conducted on two pea genotypes, L833 and cv. Frisson, fed without or with 4 mM NO 3 . Plants fed with 4 mM N were labelled for 5 days with 15 N at three stages: 7 leaf stage, beginning of flowering, and beginning of seed filling. Plants were harvested at day 6 and at later stages. The results indicated for the two genotypes that supplying 4 mM N to the plants significantly increased their total dry weight up to the beginning of seed filling, whereas nodule dry weight was reduced. Genotype differences in N uptake and redistribution among plant organs were minor. When plants were labelled with 15 N at early stages of growth, about 60% of total plant 15 N was located in leaves. At maturity the proportion of 15 N recovered in seeds was about 60% for both genotypes. When plants were labelled at the beginning of seed filling, 15 N was mainly located in young organs such as upper leaves, pods and seeds. During seed fill the remobilisation of 15 N to seeds occurred from all organs of the plant. At physiological maturity about 70% of 15 N was located in seeds.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"52 1","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85879731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pérez-Pastor, M. Ruiz-Sánchez, R. Domingo, A. Torrecillas
The authors are grateful to JP Perez-Abellan, M Garcia, and J Soto for their assistance. The study was supported by CICYT (HID1999-951; AGL2000-0387- C05-04) grant to the authors. A. Perez-Pastor was a recipient of a research fellowship from the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain.
{"title":"Growth and phenological stages of Búlida apricot trees in south-east Spain","authors":"A. Pérez-Pastor, M. Ruiz-Sánchez, R. Domingo, A. Torrecillas","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004004","url":null,"abstract":"The authors are grateful to JP Perez-Abellan, M Garcia, and J Soto for their \u0000assistance. The study was supported by CICYT (HID1999-951; AGL2000-0387- \u0000C05-04) grant to the authors. A. Perez-Pastor was a recipient of a research \u0000fellowship from the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"31 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79361945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Diouf, Y. C. Brou, Mayécor M. Diouf, B. Sarr, M. Eyletters, H. Roy-Macauley, J. Delhaye
In the Sahelian zone, low soil N could be as limiting as drought in pearl millet production. Although growth and crop productivity depend on several biochemical reactions in which the nitrogen metabolism plays a great role, there is little information available on how N uptake and key enzymes, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, are affected by nitrogen and water interaction in millet. For this purpose, the millet variety cv. Souna III was grown in the field during the dry season under three levels of nitrogen fertilization (NO = 0.0, N1 = 17.13, and N2 = 68.50 kg N ha -1 ) and different water regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) in a split-plot experimental design. Irrigation was stopped for water-stressed plants during tillering, and the grain formation and filling phases, thereby giving rise to two water deficit cycles. A major quantity of mobilized N (79-100%) was taken up before flowering in all N treatments. Nitrogen uptake declined significantly only during the second water deficit cycle. During the first water deficit cycle, aboveground biomass was reduced and the maintenance of the N uptake resulted in increased N and nitrate concentrations. The water deficit reduced nitrate reductase activity in all treatments and the effect was greater under high N. The increase in nitrate concentration under water deficit conditions showed that the reduction in nitrate reductase activity was probably not due to limiting nitrates. Glutamine synthetase activity was higher under the low N treatments, N1 and N0, showing the absence of a stimulating effect of glutamine synthetase activity by nitrate or ammonium. These results are discussed on the basis of their effect on grain N and grain yield.
在萨赫勒地区，土壤氮含量低可能与干旱一样限制珍珠粟的生产。尽管谷子的生长和产量依赖于几种生化反应，其中氮代谢起着重要作用，但氮水互作对谷子氮吸收和关键酶硝还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的影响尚不清楚。为此，谷子品种cv。旱季采用分畦试验设计，在3个氮肥水平(NO = 0.0, N1 = 17.13, N2 = 68.50 kg N ha -1)和不同水分状况(丰水和缺水)的条件下进行田间种植。在分蘖、籽粒形成和灌浆阶段，对缺水植物停止灌溉，从而产生两个亏水循环。各施氮处理在开花前吸收了大量的调动态氮(79% ~ 100%)。氮素吸收量仅在第二次亏水循环中显著下降。在第一个水分亏缺循环中，地上生物量减少，维持氮素吸收导致氮和硝酸盐浓度增加。水分亏缺降低了所有处理的硝酸还原酶活性，在高氮条件下效果更大。水分亏缺条件下硝酸盐浓度的增加表明硝酸还原酶活性的降低可能不是由于限制硝酸盐。低氮、N1和N0处理下谷氨酰胺合成酶活性较高，说明硝态氮和铵态氮对谷氨酰胺合成酶活性没有刺激作用。根据这些结果对籽粒氮和籽粒产量的影响进行了讨论。
{"title":"Response of Pearl Millet to nitrogen as affected by water deficit","authors":"O. Diouf, Y. C. Brou, Mayécor M. Diouf, B. Sarr, M. Eyletters, H. Roy-Macauley, J. Delhaye","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004001","url":null,"abstract":"In the Sahelian zone, low soil N could be as limiting as drought in pearl millet production. Although growth and crop productivity depend on several biochemical reactions in which the nitrogen metabolism plays a great role, there is little information available on how N uptake and key enzymes, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, are affected by nitrogen and water interaction in millet. For this purpose, the millet variety cv. Souna III was grown in the field during the dry season under three levels of nitrogen fertilization (NO = 0.0, N1 = 17.13, and N2 = 68.50 kg N ha -1 ) and different water regimes (well-watered and water-stressed) in a split-plot experimental design. Irrigation was stopped for water-stressed plants during tillering, and the grain formation and filling phases, thereby giving rise to two water deficit cycles. A major quantity of mobilized N (79-100%) was taken up before flowering in all N treatments. Nitrogen uptake declined significantly only during the second water deficit cycle. During the first water deficit cycle, aboveground biomass was reduced and the maintenance of the N uptake resulted in increased N and nitrate concentrations. The water deficit reduced nitrate reductase activity in all treatments and the effect was greater under high N. The increase in nitrate concentration under water deficit conditions showed that the reduction in nitrate reductase activity was probably not due to limiting nitrates. Glutamine synthetase activity was higher under the low N treatments, N1 and N0, showing the absence of a stimulating effect of glutamine synthetase activity by nitrate or ammonium. These results are discussed on the basis of their effect on grain N and grain yield.","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"22 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80443859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Tzilivakis, D. Turley, K. Lewis, S. Ogilvy, K. Lawson
The original publication is available at: www.agronomy-journal.org. Copyright INRA / EDP Sciences [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]
{"title":"Assessing the environmental impact of different crop protection strategies","authors":"J. Tzilivakis, D. Turley, K. Lewis, S. Ogilvy, K. Lawson","doi":"10.1051/AGRO:2004005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/AGRO:2004005","url":null,"abstract":"The original publication is available at: www.agronomy-journal.org. Copyright INRA / EDP Sciences [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]","PeriodicalId":7644,"journal":{"name":"Agronomie","volume":"26 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75614799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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