{"title":"„Es besteht hier immer Bedarf an frischen Embryonen.“","authors":"M. Markert","doi":"10.25162/sar-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69180781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Die Entwicklung des Menschen","authors":"Thomas Fuchs","doi":"10.25162/sar-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69181193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wirbelsäule und Becken in den Anatomieblättern von Leonardo da Vinci","authors":"K. Steinsiepe","doi":"10.25162/sar-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69180316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The French clergyman Gerbert of Aurillac, later to become Pope Sylvester II, is said to have represented all numbers with only “nine symbols” on his abacus and is therefore regarded as the one who brought the Arabic numerals to Europe. In his own writings, however, he only used the Roman numerals. Early illustrations of Arabic numerals appear in Europe around the year 1000 in the Abacus treatise of Bernelinus of Paris, who was probably a pupil of Gerbert. In two manuscripts of his “Liber abaci” the number “3” is displayed in a peculiar shape, reminiscent of the sign for “three” in Roman shorthand. Since Gerbert used this shorthand, the sign in question could be an indication of his role in the introduction of the new numbers. In the further course of the study an attempt is made to retrace the possible course of the transmission of Arabic numerals from Muslim Spain to Europe.
{"title":"Gerbert of Aurillac and the Transmission of Arabic Numerals to Europe","authors":"Thomas Freudenhammer","doi":"10.25162/sar-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"The French clergyman Gerbert of Aurillac, later to become Pope Sylvester II, is said to have represented all numbers with only “nine symbols” on his abacus and is therefore regarded as the one who brought the Arabic numerals to Europe. In his own writings, however, he only used the Roman numerals. Early illustrations of Arabic numerals appear in Europe around the year 1000 in the Abacus treatise of Bernelinus of Paris, who was probably a pupil of Gerbert. In two manuscripts of his “Liber abaci” the number “3” is displayed in a peculiar shape, reminiscent of the sign for “three” in Roman shorthand. Since Gerbert used this shorthand, the sign in question could be an indication of his role in the introduction of the new numbers. In the further course of the study an attempt is made to retrace the possible course of the transmission of Arabic numerals from Muslim Spain to Europe.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69180677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the life of the brothers Johann (1499-1574) and Caspar Neefe (1514-1579), personal physicians to the Saxon electors. It is based mainly on their family documents, which are kept in the “Neefe-Lade” in the Chemnitz City Archive. The personal physicians to princes had the political responsibility for their undisturbed ability to govern and the dynastic continuity of their families. On a diplomatic mission at the Habsburg court in Vienna, Johann Neefe helped to ensure that the Protestant House of Saxony shone there in a more favourable light after the turmoil of the Schmalkaldic War and the “betrayal” of Emperor Charles V by Elector Moritz of Saxony. A further diplomatic mission was agreed on to bring Caspar Neefe to Konigsberg to the court of Duke Albrecht Friedrich of Prussia, as can be seen in detail in a treatment contract of 1577, which is documented here for the first time.
{"title":"Heilkunst und Diplomatie","authors":"B. Schubert, Tilmann Walter","doi":"10.25162/sar-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the life of the brothers Johann (1499-1574) and Caspar Neefe (1514-1579), personal physicians to the Saxon electors. It is based mainly on their family documents, which are kept in the “Neefe-Lade” in the Chemnitz City Archive. The personal physicians to princes had the political responsibility for their undisturbed ability to govern and the dynastic continuity of their families. On a diplomatic mission at the Habsburg court in Vienna, Johann Neefe helped to ensure that the Protestant House of Saxony shone there in a more favourable light after the turmoil of the Schmalkaldic War and the “betrayal” of Emperor Charles V by Elector Moritz of Saxony. A further diplomatic mission was agreed on to bring Caspar Neefe to Konigsberg to the court of Duke Albrecht Friedrich of Prussia, as can be seen in detail in a treatment contract of 1577, which is documented here for the first time.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69180690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The dilemma of an upright phenomenologist: Carl Stumpf ’s legacy","authors":"Jens Loescher","doi":"10.25162/sar-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69181085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present contribution analyses the sanitary theatre performances as a means of education about the freedom of abortions in the early 1920s and the propaganda of motherhood in the late 1930s in the Soviet Union. It asks in which images, figures and actions medical knowledge was presented on stage, to what extend they reflected the evolution in gender concepts, which genre traditions and communicative instruments were used and on which changing political implications those performances were based. To obtain this the archive sources, selected texts of sanitary mock trials and dramas, reports and reviews in daily press have been evaluated.
{"title":"Ich will (k)ein Kind!","authors":"O. Kosenko, I. Polianski","doi":"10.25162/sar-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"The present contribution analyses the sanitary theatre performances as a means of education about the freedom of abortions in the early 1920s and the propaganda of motherhood in the late 1930s in the Soviet Union. It asks in which images, figures and actions medical knowledge was presented on stage, to what extend they reflected the evolution in gender concepts, which genre traditions and communicative instruments were used and on which changing political implications those performances were based. To obtain this the archive sources, selected texts of sanitary mock trials and dramas, reports and reviews in daily press have been evaluated.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69180752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present quantitative study examines all university teachers of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery who experienced the Third Reich as adult citizens (n = 300). The focus is on the following research questions: How high was the percentage of university lecturers that joined the NSDAP (Nazi Party) during the Third Reich? What were the social milieus from which these lecturers originated and in which ways were their respective social backgrounds correlated to their political commitment? Which correlations can be identified between the political position of the lecturers and their career paths in the Third Reich and after 1945? The detection of the persons concerned and the recording of all biographical data was carried out on the basis of numerous archival sources (Federal Archives Berlin, various state, regional and city archives) and printed writings - including specialist encyclopedias, dentist books, faculty chronicles, biographical dissertations as well as laudations and necrologies in contemporary dental journals. The study provides several key findings: Nearly two thirds of the lecturers joined the NSDAP - a figure that is clearly in the upper end of estimates made by previous research as well as significantly above the percentage for medical doctors in general (45 %). The dentists of an upper-class background demonstrated similar affinity for the NSDAP as those of a lower-class background. The vast majority of NSDAP members were able to advance their careers during the Third Reich, but the overwhelming majority of NSDAP members was also able to pass denazification procedures unscathed after 1945. The results are discussed in detail and various explanatory approaches are provided.
{"title":"University teachers of dentistry in the Third Reich and post-war Germany","authors":"Lisa A. Bitterich, D. Gross","doi":"10.25162/sar-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sar-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The present quantitative study examines all university teachers of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery who experienced the Third Reich as adult citizens (n = 300). The focus is on the following research questions: How high was the percentage of university lecturers that joined the NSDAP (Nazi Party) during the Third Reich? What were the social milieus from which these lecturers originated and in which ways were their respective social backgrounds correlated to their political commitment? Which correlations can be identified between the political position of the lecturers and their career paths in the Third Reich and after 1945? The detection of the persons concerned and the recording of all biographical data was carried out on the basis of numerous archival sources (Federal Archives Berlin, various state, regional and city archives) and printed writings - including specialist encyclopedias, dentist books, faculty chronicles, biographical dissertations as well as laudations and necrologies in contemporary dental journals. The study provides several key findings: Nearly two thirds of the lecturers joined the NSDAP - a figure that is clearly in the upper end of estimates made by previous research as well as significantly above the percentage for medical doctors in general (45 %). The dentists of an upper-class background demonstrated similar affinity for the NSDAP as those of a lower-class background. The vast majority of NSDAP members were able to advance their careers during the Third Reich, but the overwhelming majority of NSDAP members was also able to pass denazification procedures unscathed after 1945. The results are discussed in detail and various explanatory approaches are provided.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69180769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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