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„Es besteht hier immer Bedarf an frischen Embryonen.“ "这里总是需要新鲜胚胎"
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2022-0003
M. Markert
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引用次数: 0
Die Entwicklung des Menschen 人类的发展
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2022-0002
Thomas Fuchs
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引用次数: 1
Sigismund Schnitzer (ca. 1560/65–1622) Sigismund Schnitzer(约1560/65-1622)
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2022-0001
M. Häberlein, Tilmann Walter
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引用次数: 1
Wirbelsäule und Becken in den Anatomieblättern von Leonardo da Vinci 脊椎和骨盆里的约翰纳多
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2021-0005
K. Steinsiepe
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引用次数: 0
Gerbert of Aurillac and the Transmission of Arabic Numerals to Europe 奥立亚克的格贝尔与阿拉伯数字传入欧洲
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2021-0001
Thomas Freudenhammer
The French clergyman Gerbert of Aurillac, later to become Pope Sylvester II, is said to have represented all numbers with only “nine symbols” on his abacus and is therefore regarded as the one who brought the Arabic numerals to Europe. In his own writings, however, he only used the Roman numerals. Early illustrations of Arabic numerals appear in Europe around the year 1000 in the Abacus treatise of Bernelinus of Paris, who was probably a pupil of Gerbert. In two manuscripts of his “Liber abaci” the number “3” is displayed in a peculiar shape, reminiscent of the sign for “three” in Roman shorthand. Since Gerbert used this shorthand, the sign in question could be an indication of his role in the introduction of the new numbers. In the further course of the study an attempt is made to retrace the possible course of the transmission of Arabic numerals from Muslim Spain to Europe.
据说,后来成为教皇西尔维斯特二世(Sylvester II)的法国牧师格贝尔(Gerbert)在算盘上只用“九个符号”来表示所有的数字,因此被认为是将阿拉伯数字带到欧洲的人。然而,在他自己的著作中,他只使用罗马数字。阿拉伯数字的早期插图出现在1000年左右的欧洲,巴黎的伯内利努斯的算盘论文中,他可能是格贝尔的学生。在他的两份手稿中,数字“3”以一种特殊的形状显示,让人想起罗马速记中的“3”。由于戈伯特使用了这种简写,所以这个符号可能表明他在引入新数字方面所起的作用。在研究的进一步过程中,试图追溯阿拉伯数字从穆斯林西班牙传播到欧洲的可能过程。
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引用次数: 1
Heilkunst und Diplomatie 治疗与外交
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2021-0002
B. Schubert, Tilmann Walter
This article examines the life of the brothers Johann (1499-1574) and Caspar Neefe (1514-1579), personal physicians to the Saxon electors. It is based mainly on their family documents, which are kept in the “Neefe-Lade” in the Chemnitz City Archive. The personal physicians to princes had the political responsibility for their undisturbed ability to govern and the dynastic continuity of their families. On a diplomatic mission at the Habsburg court in Vienna, Johann Neefe helped to ensure that the Protestant House of Saxony shone there in a more favourable light after the turmoil of the Schmalkaldic War and the “betrayal” of Emperor Charles V by Elector Moritz of Saxony. A further diplomatic mission was agreed on to bring Caspar Neefe to Konigsberg to the court of Duke Albrecht Friedrich of Prussia, as can be seen in detail in a treatment contract of 1577, which is documented here for the first time.
这篇文章考察了约翰兄弟(1499-1574)和卡斯帕·尼菲兄弟(1514-1579)的生活,他们是撒克逊选民的私人医生。它主要基于他们的家庭文件,这些文件保存在开姆尼茨市档案馆的“尼夫-拉德”中。王子的私人医生对他们的统治能力和家族的王朝连续性负有政治责任。在维也纳哈布斯堡王朝的外交任务中,约翰·尼菲帮助确保萨克森新教家族在经历了施马尔卡尔迪奇战争的动荡和萨克森选帝侯莫里茨对查理五世的“背叛”之后,在那里获得了更有利的地位。另一个外交使团同意将卡斯帕·尼菲带到哥尼斯堡,交给普鲁士公爵阿尔布雷希特·弗里德里希的宫廷,这在1577年的治疗合同中可以看到细节,这是第一次记录在这里。
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引用次数: 1
The dilemma of an upright phenomenologist: Carl Stumpf ’s legacy 一个正直的现象学家的困境:卡尔·斯坦普夫的遗产
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2021-0007
Jens Loescher
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引用次数: 1
„ob der wundt mensch sterb oder genesen moͤge“ “wundt为了解救人类的还是痊愈moͤ通用电气”
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2021-0006
V. Zimmermann
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引用次数: 1
Ich will (k)ein Kind! 这将是一种方式!
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2021-0003
O. Kosenko, I. Polianski
The present contribution analyses the sanitary theatre performances as a means of education about the freedom of abortions in the early 1920s and the propaganda of motherhood in the late 1930s in the Soviet Union. It asks in which images, figures and actions medical knowledge was presented on stage, to what extend they reflected the evolution in gender concepts, which genre traditions and communicative instruments were used and on which changing political implications those performances were based. To obtain this the archive sources, selected texts of sanitary mock trials and dramas, reports and reviews in daily press have been evaluated.
本文分析了20世纪20年代早期的卫生戏剧表演作为教育堕胎自由的手段,以及30年代末苏联对母性的宣传。它询问在舞台上展示了哪些图像、人物和行动,这些图像、人物和行动在多大程度上反映了性别概念的演变,使用了哪些流派传统和交流工具,以及这些表演基于哪些不断变化的政治含义。为此,对档案资料、卫生模拟审判和戏剧的选定文本、每日新闻界的报告和评论进行了评价。
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引用次数: 1
University teachers of dentistry in the Third Reich and post-war Germany 第三帝国和战后德国的大学牙医教师
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.25162/sar-2021-0004
Lisa A. Bitterich, D. Gross
The present quantitative study examines all university teachers of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery who experienced the Third Reich as adult citizens (n = 300). The focus is on the following research questions: How high was the percentage of university lecturers that joined the NSDAP (Nazi Party) during the Third Reich? What were the social milieus from which these lecturers originated and in which ways were their respective social backgrounds correlated to their political commitment? Which correlations can be identified between the political position of the lecturers and their career paths in the Third Reich and after 1945? The detection of the persons concerned and the recording of all biographical data was carried out on the basis of numerous archival sources (Federal Archives Berlin, various state, regional and city archives) and printed writings - including specialist encyclopedias, dentist books, faculty chronicles, biographical dissertations as well as laudations and necrologies in contemporary dental journals. The study provides several key findings: Nearly two thirds of the lecturers joined the NSDAP - a figure that is clearly in the upper end of estimates made by previous research as well as significantly above the percentage for medical doctors in general (45 %). The dentists of an upper-class background demonstrated similar affinity for the NSDAP as those of a lower-class background. The vast majority of NSDAP members were able to advance their careers during the Third Reich, but the overwhelming majority of NSDAP members was also able to pass denazification procedures unscathed after 1945. The results are discussed in detail and various explanatory approaches are provided.
本定量研究调查了所有作为成年公民经历过第三帝国的牙科和颌面外科大学教师(n = 300)。重点是以下研究问题:在第三帝国时期,大学讲师加入纳粹党(NSDAP)的比例有多高?这些讲师来自什么样的社会环境,他们各自的社会背景在哪些方面与他们的政治承诺相关?在第三帝国时期和1945年后,讲师的政治地位和他们的职业道路之间可以确定哪些相关性?在大量档案资料(柏林联邦档案馆、各个州、地区和城市档案)和印刷作品的基础上,对有关人员的调查和所有传记资料进行了记录,包括专业百科全书、牙医书籍、教员编年史、传记论文以及当代牙科期刊上的颂词和墓志。这项研究提供了几项重要发现:近三分之二的讲师加入了纳粹党——这一数字显然处于以往研究估计的上限,也大大高于一般医生的比例(45%)。上层社会背景的牙医与下层社会背景的牙医对纳粹党表现出相似的亲和力。在第三帝国时期,绝大多数纳粹党成员都能在事业上有所发展,但1945年后,绝大多数纳粹党成员也能毫发无损地通过去纳粹化程序。对结果进行了详细的讨论,并提供了各种解释方法。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Sudhoffs Archiv
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