Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805), one of the most renowned German poets, also received a professional training (1776-80) as surgeon at the military academy at Stuttgart. It is almost unknown that Schiller received a formal education in medical history during the first year of his academic curriculum. His exam in medical history included the public defense of 38 Latin theses presenting historical interpretations, philological criticism and an evaluation of 18th century medicine side by side. These theses had been compiled by his teacher Johann Friedrich Consbruch, who recommended an eclectic use of contemporary knowledge and was an adherent of Haller's experimental medicine. This paper presents a thorough examination of these doctrines in historical perspective. As our investigation shows, at Schiller's time medical history as an academic discipline was primarily used to emphasize medicine's significance as a healing art and to ascertain the practicing physician's professional identity.
{"title":"[Schiller and the history of medicine].","authors":"Daniel Schäfer, Karl August Neuhausen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805), one of the most renowned German poets, also received a professional training (1776-80) as surgeon at the military academy at Stuttgart. It is almost unknown that Schiller received a formal education in medical history during the first year of his academic curriculum. His exam in medical history included the public defense of 38 Latin theses presenting historical interpretations, philological criticism and an evaluation of 18th century medicine side by side. These theses had been compiled by his teacher Johann Friedrich Consbruch, who recommended an eclectic use of contemporary knowledge and was an adherent of Haller's experimental medicine. This paper presents a thorough examination of these doctrines in historical perspective. As our investigation shows, at Schiller's time medical history as an academic discipline was primarily used to emphasize medicine's significance as a healing art and to ascertain the practicing physician's professional identity.</p>","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"98 1","pages":"76-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32490573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the history of Soviet forensic psychiatry remains a subject of continuing interest in the ,,politics of remembrance," there is a conspicuous dearth of historiographic studies in this area. Drawing on newly accessible source material, this study addresses this gap in the literature, delineating issues of key concern to the topic. The paper first explores specific interrelationships between legal and nosological points of view in the theories of forensic psychiatry that prevailed in the USSR. On this basis, it then reconstructs the functional characteristics of the "diagnosis factory" run under the auspices of Andrej V. Sneshnewski, illuminating the role of this school of psychiatry in the context of the history of medicine. In the third section of the paper, the discussion turns to institutional conditions, political factors, ideological implications, and socio-cultural contexts related to how hegemonic actors in Soviet forensic psychiatry dealt with non-conformers. In this context, a focus is placed on instances of resistance and dissidence within Soviet psychiatry. In particular, the paper discusses how polemics that relied on values and norms were of central importance to the political misuse of psychiatry as a nucleus and catalyst of democratic self-reflection during the reform era that took place under Mikhail Gorbachev.
虽然苏联法医精神病学的历史仍然是人们对“记忆政治”持续感兴趣的主题，但“这一领域的史学研究明显缺乏”。利用新获得的原始材料，本研究解决了文献中的这一差距，描绘了该主题的关键问题。本文首先探讨了在苏联盛行的法医精神病学理论中法律和病分学观点之间的具体相互关系。在此基础上，本文重构了Andrej V. Sneshnewski主持下的“诊断工厂”的功能特征，阐明了这一精神病学流派在医学史背景下的作用。在论文的第三部分，讨论转向制度条件、政治因素、意识形态影响和社会文化背景，这些都与苏联法医精神病学中的霸权行为者如何处理非从规者有关。在此背景下，重点放在苏联精神病学内部的抵抗和异议的实例上。特别是，本文讨论了在米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫(Mikhail Gorbachev)领导下的改革时代，依赖于价值观和规范的论战如何对精神病学作为民主自我反思的核心和催化剂的政治滥用发挥了至关重要的作用。
{"title":"[In Process Citation].","authors":"Igor J Polianski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the history of Soviet forensic psychiatry remains a subject of continuing interest in the ,,politics of remembrance,\" there is a conspicuous dearth of historiographic studies in this area. Drawing on newly accessible source material, this study addresses this gap in the literature, delineating issues of key concern to the topic. The paper first explores specific interrelationships between legal and nosological points of view in the theories of forensic psychiatry that prevailed in the USSR. On this basis, it then reconstructs the functional characteristics of the \"diagnosis factory\" run under the auspices of Andrej V. Sneshnewski, illuminating the role of this school of psychiatry in the context of the history of medicine. In the third section of the paper, the discussion turns to institutional conditions, political factors, ideological implications, and socio-cultural contexts related to how hegemonic actors in Soviet forensic psychiatry dealt with non-conformers. In this context, a focus is placed on instances of resistance and dissidence within Soviet psychiatry. In particular, the paper discusses how polemics that relied on values and norms were of central importance to the political misuse of psychiatry as a nucleus and catalyst of democratic self-reflection during the reform era that took place under Mikhail Gorbachev.</p>","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"98 2","pages":"140-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33156113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0022
N. Biller-Andorno
{"title":"Florian Steger: Das Erbe des Hippokrates: Medizinethische Konflikte und ihre Wurzeln.","authors":"N. Biller-Andorno","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69208934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution focuses on the work and development of a notable personality in physics and technology: Heinrich Geissler, a glassblower, educator, inventor, and experimentalist, influenced the development of physics in the second half of the 19th century with lasting effect. He initiated and contributed to research on electric discharge in gases, created the first actually working vacuum pump, and continuously improved its design. His students significantly contributed to research on the photoelectric effect, and early vacuum electronics. They were involved in the development of the electric light bulb, and in the extremely quick practical application of X-rays in medical and other contexts. All these activities contributed to the fundamental change in physical thinking that took place at the beginning of the 20th century. It is an aim of this article to describe the momentum, as well as the centrifugal forces, at work in this critical phase of physics research.
{"title":"[The master and his school - on the biography and action of instrument developer Heinrich Geissler].","authors":"Günter Dörfel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This contribution focuses on the work and development of a notable personality in physics and technology: Heinrich Geissler, a glassblower, educator, inventor, and experimentalist, influenced the development of physics in the second half of the 19th century with lasting effect. He initiated and contributed to research on electric discharge in gases, created the first actually working vacuum pump, and continuously improved its design. His students significantly contributed to research on the photoelectric effect, and early vacuum electronics. They were involved in the development of the electric light bulb, and in the extremely quick practical application of X-rays in medical and other contexts. All these activities contributed to the fundamental change in physical thinking that took place at the beginning of the 20th century. It is an aim of this article to describe the momentum, as well as the centrifugal forces, at work in this critical phase of physics research.</p>","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"98 1","pages":"91-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32490574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain ventricle diagrams: a century after Walther Sudhoff new manuscript sources from the XVth century.","authors":"Annemieke R Verboon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"98 2","pages":"212-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33156116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0008
M. Hulverscheidt
{"title":"Keith Wailoo, Julie Livingston, Steven Epstein und Robert Aronowitz: Three Shots at Prevention. The HPV Vaccine and the Politics of Medicine’s Simple Solutions","authors":"M. Hulverscheidt","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69206795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0016
N. Lenke, Nicolas Roudet, M. A. Granada
{"title":"Christoph Rothmann und der Kopernikanismus. Ein neu entdeckter Brief als Beitrag zu einer alten Diskussion","authors":"N. Lenke, Nicolas Roudet, M. A. Granada","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69207890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0023
Judith R. H. Kaplan
{"title":"Heiner Fangerau, Hans Geisler, Thorsten Halling, and William Martin, Eds.: Classification and Evolution in Biology, Linguistics and the History of Science: Concepts-Methods-Visualization.","authors":"Judith R. H. Kaplan","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69208940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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