Dr. Vivian Manyeki, Sr. Dr. Margaret Nyongesa, Dorcas Maina
Purpose: To determine the influence of comorbidities on the LOS of COVID-19 patients in KNH-IDU between 1st June 2020 and 30th November 2020 Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised of 558 COVID-19 patients of which 69% survived and 31% died. The overall median LOS was 7.5 days (IQR: 0-183) – 8 days (IQR: 1-171) for the survivors, and 6 days (IQR: 0-183) for the non survivors. Data was extracted from hospital records using a questionnaire and analyzed with STATA version 15. Chi-square tests determined associations, while regression analysis examined LOS determinants based on model coefficients and significance. Findings: Significant differences were seen in age (p<0.01), with more survivors aged 20-40 years and non-survivors aged over 40 years. Non-survivors had higher referral rates (p<.001), ICU admissions (p<.001), and intubation needs (p<.001). Diabetes and hypertension were more common in non-survivors (p<.001). Non-survivors also had higher WBC counts (p<.001), higher neutrophil counts (p<.01), lower lymphocyte counts (p<.001), and lower platelet counts (p<.001). Implications to Theory, Practices and Policy: Practically, the findings underscore the need for targeted clinical management strategies, particularly for younger patients and those with severe disease, to optimize LOS and improve survival rates.
{"title":"Influence of Comorbidities on the Length of Stay of Covid-19 Patients in Kenyatta National Hospital – Infectious Disease Unit (KNH–IDU), Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Dr. Vivian Manyeki, Sr. Dr. Margaret Nyongesa, Dorcas Maina","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.2199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.2199","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the influence of comorbidities on the LOS of COVID-19 patients in KNH-IDU between 1st June 2020 and 30th November 2020 \u0000Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised of 558 COVID-19 patients of which 69% survived and 31% died. The overall median LOS was 7.5 days (IQR: 0-183) – 8 days (IQR: 1-171) for the survivors, and 6 days (IQR: 0-183) for the non survivors. Data was extracted from hospital records using a questionnaire and analyzed with STATA version 15. Chi-square tests determined associations, while regression analysis examined LOS determinants based on model coefficients and significance. \u0000Findings: Significant differences were seen in age (p<0.01), with more survivors aged 20-40 years and non-survivors aged over 40 years. Non-survivors had higher referral rates (p<.001), ICU admissions (p<.001), and intubation needs (p<.001). Diabetes and hypertension were more common in non-survivors (p<.001). Non-survivors also had higher WBC counts (p<.001), higher neutrophil counts (p<.01), lower lymphocyte counts (p<.001), and lower platelet counts (p<.001). \u0000Implications to Theory, Practices and Policy: Practically, the findings underscore the need for targeted clinical management strategies, particularly for younger patients and those with severe disease, to optimize LOS and improve survival rates.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr Shabrez Tariq, Dr Areeb Ahmed, Dr Zainab Shamim
Purpose: Comprehending the life expectancy of individuals afflicted with MS is crucial for patient counseling and devising effective healthcare plans accordingly. Materials and Methods: In this review, we amalgamate findings from several key studies published between 2014 and 2024, using Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed to provide insight into the mortality and life expectancy associated with MS. Findings: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disease that incurs demyelination of the axons. MS impacts approximately 900,000 young adults in the United States, with an average onset age ranging from 20 to 30 years. MS population has been frequently associated with declining quality of life (QOL) as opposed to other chronic disease populations. Though, studies suggest physical impairment including weakness, gait disorders, or visual or emotional disturbances are pivotal determinants of life expectancy in MS patients. We will discuss each factor that influences the longevity of individuals with MS in detail below. Literature shows that 90% of cases with early disease experience relapses and remissions characteristically. While a small percentage of individuals follow a mostly benign course over an extended period, the majority establishes a secondary-progressive disease as soon as 6-7 years after the onset. Although a minor segment of MS manifests an "aggressive" disease, life expectancy is mostly unaffected with the disease course often prevailing over a period of 30 years on average, unless the patient’s comorbidities, compliance to treatment, or genetic predisposition are unfavourable. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: We aim to enhance understanding of this disease and its multifaceted aspects for advance management strategies, better quality of life hence improved patient outcomes.
{"title":"Review Article: Life Expectancy of Multiple Sclerosis in the US","authors":"Dr Shabrez Tariq, Dr Areeb Ahmed, Dr Zainab Shamim","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.2203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.2203","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Comprehending the life expectancy of individuals afflicted with MS is crucial for patient counseling and devising effective healthcare plans accordingly. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this review, we amalgamate findings from several key studies published between 2014 and 2024, using Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed to provide insight into the mortality and life expectancy associated with MS. \u0000Findings: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disease that incurs demyelination of the axons. MS impacts approximately 900,000 young adults in the United States, with an average onset age ranging from 20 to 30 years. MS population has been frequently associated with declining quality of life (QOL) as opposed to other chronic disease populations. Though, studies suggest physical impairment including weakness, gait disorders, or visual or emotional disturbances are pivotal determinants of life expectancy in MS patients. We will discuss each factor that influences the longevity of individuals with MS in detail below. Literature shows that 90% of cases with early disease experience relapses and remissions characteristically. While a small percentage of individuals follow a mostly benign course over an extended period, the majority establishes a secondary-progressive disease as soon as 6-7 years after the onset. Although a minor segment of MS manifests an \"aggressive\" disease, life expectancy is mostly unaffected with the disease course often prevailing over a period of 30 years on average, unless the patient’s comorbidities, compliance to treatment, or genetic predisposition are unfavourable. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: We aim to enhance understanding of this disease and its multifaceted aspects for advance management strategies, better quality of life hence improved patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atanga Vivian Manka’ah, Socpa Antoine, M. Atanga, Ginyu Innocentia Kwalar
Purpose: Adolescent pregnancy (ADOPREG), despite its serious public health & social concerns, are highly neglected worldwide especially in developing countries with restrictive abortion laws. While the concept of ADOPREG may have the same label across disciplines, locations & contexts, its representations and how it is lived vary greatly. Despite diverse representations, ADOPREG is still plagued with great debates and serious public health and socio-economic concerns including persistently high rates and associated consequences even lifetime. Thus this concept analysis of Adolescent pregnancy aimed at clarifying the meaning of the concept and develop an operational definition for it which is believed will lay a common ground for mutual understanding among stakeholders & ameliorate adolescent care. Materials and Methods: The 8-stage concept analysis theoretical model of Walker and Avant (1994) was used for this work. There was a systematic search & selection of literature in 4 phases:broad preliminary search, Mesh controlled language, revision using Boolean Logic operators OR, “AND” and “Not”. Secondly, literature search on 9 electronic databases, then manual search & finally experts’ consultation. Study selection was done by a review process guided by PRISMA. Quality appraisal was then done for each selected study separately using appropriate standard tools. Totally, 4090 record were identified & 68 included in final study. Findings: Key results revealed: ADOPREG has uses in Etymology, Literature; Health, Politics, & Sociology. As Attributes-prevalence, peripartum care, teenage friendly health centres, & role of health practitioner in reducing ADOPREG. As antecedents among others -biological factors (genes), demographic & socio-cultural factors (marital status,) & Health factors (contraception) ; non-constitutive family factors and socio-political factors. Short-term consequences of among others include increased frequency of neonatal complications (LBW) & maternal complications (hemmorhage, abortion), & low rates of CS. Major long-term consequences are socio-economic (rejection); health (suicide) & political (taxpayers drain). Empirical referents-pregnancy rates etc. Conclusively, ADOPREG here is defined as a state in which there is the development of a human being in an individual aged 10-19 from time of conception; thus, aligning with the embryologic definition. However, the dynamic nature of this concept cannot be totally ignored. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: More high quality concept analyses should be carried out on related issues to ADOPREG to better inform policy makers who should work collaboratively on better and operational definitions of adolescent pregnancy and its related issues.
{"title":"Adolescent Pregnancy: A Concept Analysis","authors":"Atanga Vivian Manka’ah, Socpa Antoine, M. Atanga, Ginyu Innocentia Kwalar","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.2202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.2202","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Adolescent pregnancy (ADOPREG), despite its serious public health & social concerns, are highly neglected worldwide especially in developing countries with restrictive abortion laws. While the concept of ADOPREG may have the same label across disciplines, locations & contexts, its representations and how it is lived vary greatly. Despite diverse representations, ADOPREG is still plagued with great debates and serious public health and socio-economic concerns including persistently high rates and associated consequences even lifetime. Thus this concept analysis of Adolescent pregnancy aimed at clarifying the meaning of the concept and develop an operational definition for it which is believed will lay a common ground for mutual understanding among stakeholders & ameliorate adolescent care. \u0000Materials and Methods: The 8-stage concept analysis theoretical model of Walker and Avant (1994) was used for this work. There was a systematic search & selection of literature in 4 phases:broad preliminary search, Mesh controlled language, revision using Boolean Logic operators OR, “AND” and “Not”. Secondly, literature search on 9 electronic databases, then manual search & finally experts’ consultation. Study selection was done by a review process guided by PRISMA. Quality appraisal was then done for each selected study separately using appropriate standard tools. Totally, 4090 record were identified & 68 included in final study. \u0000Findings: Key results revealed: ADOPREG has uses in Etymology, Literature; Health, Politics, & Sociology. As Attributes-prevalence, peripartum care, teenage friendly health centres, & role of health practitioner in reducing ADOPREG. As antecedents among others -biological factors (genes), demographic & socio-cultural factors (marital status,) & Health factors (contraception) ; non-constitutive family factors and socio-political factors. Short-term consequences of among others include increased frequency of neonatal complications (LBW) & maternal complications (hemmorhage, abortion), & low rates of CS. Major long-term consequences are socio-economic (rejection); health (suicide) & political (taxpayers drain). Empirical referents-pregnancy rates etc. Conclusively, ADOPREG here is defined as a state in which there is the development of a human being in an individual aged 10-19 from time of conception; thus, aligning with the embryologic definition. However, the dynamic nature of this concept cannot be totally ignored. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: More high quality concept analyses should be carried out on related issues to ADOPREG to better inform policy makers who should work collaboratively on better and operational definitions of adolescent pregnancy and its related issues.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"62 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haitham Abdalla Ali Ismail, Ahmed Elnour Adam Zakaria, Nawal Ali Ahmed Mohamed, Mohammed Adam Mohammed Ali, Abuelez Hassan Ibrahem Abdallah, Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed, Eldaw B. S. Mohamed
Purpose: Uterine rupture during pregnancy is rare, often fatal, and can cause serious complications for both mother and fetus. Therefore, this study evaluated the outcomes of a group of Sudanese patients who experienced uterine rupture. Materials and Methods: This study comprised a group of 26 female individuals who had a uterine rupture and received medical care at the maternity department of El-Obeid Teaching Hospital in Sudan's North Kordofan state. The patients were admitted over the course of one year. We obtained the requisite identifying data and demographic characteristics from every subject. Findings: The majority of cases have normal hospital stays (65%). About 35% of patients have prolonged hospital stays. The most common postoperative complication experienced was venous thromboembolism (VTE) (31%). Most patients presented with labor pain followed by vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, constituting (57.7%), (27%), and (11.5%), in that order. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Sudan experiences a high prevalence of uterine rupture, which leads to quite high rates of adverse outcomes during childbirth, despite having relatively low rates of premature death. The most unfavorable outcomes are extended hospitalization, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and the need for blood transfusion. Careful follow-up during pregnancy and choosing the appropriate delivery mode is important.
{"title":"Outcomes of a Series of Sudanese Patients with Uterine Rupture","authors":"Haitham Abdalla Ali Ismail, Ahmed Elnour Adam Zakaria, Nawal Ali Ahmed Mohamed, Mohammed Adam Mohammed Ali, Abuelez Hassan Ibrahem Abdallah, Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed, Eldaw B. S. Mohamed","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.2077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.2077","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Uterine rupture during pregnancy is rare, often fatal, and can cause serious complications for both mother and fetus. Therefore, this study evaluated the outcomes of a group of Sudanese patients who experienced uterine rupture. \u0000Materials and Methods: This study comprised a group of 26 female individuals who had a uterine rupture and received medical care at the maternity department of El-Obeid Teaching Hospital in Sudan's North Kordofan state. The patients were admitted over the course of one year. We obtained the requisite identifying data and demographic characteristics from every subject. \u0000Findings: The majority of cases have normal hospital stays (65%). About 35% of patients have prolonged hospital stays. The most common postoperative complication experienced was venous thromboembolism (VTE) (31%). Most patients presented with labor pain followed by vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, constituting (57.7%), (27%), and (11.5%), in that order. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Sudan experiences a high prevalence of uterine rupture, which leads to quite high rates of adverse outcomes during childbirth, despite having relatively low rates of premature death. The most unfavorable outcomes are extended hospitalization, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and the need for blood transfusion. Careful follow-up during pregnancy and choosing the appropriate delivery mode is important.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study examined the perceived predisposition factors of diabetes and hypertension in the Shai-Osudoku district of Ghana. The research design adopted by the study was qualitative approach. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Materials and Methods: A total of fifty-two (52) participants made up of thirty-five (35) without any diabetes or hypertension and ten (10) with only hypertension and eight (8) with both diabetes and hypertension were involved in the study. For participants without diabetes or hypertension, the process of selection was simple random sampling while those with either hypertension and diabetes or only hypertension, snow ball process was used to identify them. Content analysis with coding of the information was used to analysis the data. Findings: The paper identified a number of perceptions and firmly held beliefs about the predisposition causes of diabetes and hypertension. These include spiritual means of contracting diabetes and hypertension, the type of work one does, the kind of foods one eats, the age of a person, from parents to children, eating habits of a person, and lack of exercise/physical activities. Two theories of causes of disease conditions were used in this study. These are: the Health Believe Model (HBM) and General Susceptibility Causes of Disease (GSCD). Comparing the above findings in the context of the two theories, it can therefore be said that, the participants’ opinion regarding behavioural risk factors of diabetes and hypertension are in consistance with the theories used for the study. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the findings, it is recommended that, the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health Service should engage social scientists such as sociologists and psychologists at the various healthcare centers to assist health professionals to improve the understanding of their patients; especially those with medical complications such as diabetes and hypertension in order to increase patient adherence to treatment. This is because if diabetic or hypertensive patient has a belief that his/her condition is caused by spiritual means, it presupposes that it can only be cured through spiritual means and therefore he/she will not adhere to routine medications as the case may be.
{"title":"Perceived Predisposition Factors of Diabetes and Hypertension in the Shai-Osudoku District of Ghana","authors":"Michael Amponsah Kodom","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1798","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examined the perceived predisposition factors of diabetes and hypertension in the Shai-Osudoku district of Ghana. The research design adopted by the study was qualitative approach. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of fifty-two (52) participants made up of thirty-five (35) without any diabetes or hypertension and ten (10) with only hypertension and eight (8) with both diabetes and hypertension were involved in the study. For participants without diabetes or hypertension, the process of selection was simple random sampling while those with either hypertension and diabetes or only hypertension, snow ball process was used to identify them. Content analysis with coding of the information was used to analysis the data. \u0000Findings: The paper identified a number of perceptions and firmly held beliefs about the predisposition causes of diabetes and hypertension. These include spiritual means of contracting diabetes and hypertension, the type of work one does, the kind of foods one eats, the age of a person, from parents to children, eating habits of a person, and lack of exercise/physical activities. Two theories of causes of disease conditions were used in this study. These are: the Health Believe Model (HBM) and General Susceptibility Causes of Disease (GSCD). Comparing the above findings in the context of the two theories, it can therefore be said that, the participants’ opinion regarding behavioural risk factors of diabetes and hypertension are in consistance with the theories used for the study. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the findings, it is recommended that, the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health Service should engage social scientists such as sociologists and psychologists at the various healthcare centers to assist health professionals to improve the understanding of their patients; especially those with medical complications such as diabetes and hypertension in order to increase patient adherence to treatment. This is because if diabetic or hypertensive patient has a belief that his/her condition is caused by spiritual means, it presupposes that it can only be cured through spiritual means and therefore he/she will not adhere to routine medications as the case may be.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"941 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of tactile & auditory stimulation on physiological parameters weight, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, feeding pattern, sleeping hours, crying spells and urination among preterm neonates. Material and Methods: A quantitative research approach with true experimental research design was adopted for this study Samples: 120 preterm neonates who got admission and present in the NICU or postnatal unit of KKMCH, who satisfied inclusion criteria. Tool: The tool was developed, validated by experts and checked for its reliability Sample Size: Open Epi, Version 3, open source calculator Sample Size for Comparing Two Means from pilot study. Total sample size 120. Among them 60 preterm neonates were assigned to experimental group and control group each randomly. Statistical analysis used: Demographic data using frequency and percentage distribution. Physiological parameters were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, paired T test. Structured interview schedule by Chi Square test. Association by Multiple Logistic Regression. Findings: Out of 120 preterm neonates, 48.3 % males, 51.7 % females and 42.5 % Hindus, 52.5% Christians and 5 % Muslims. Gestational age 18.33 % between 28 – 30 weeks, 40 % between 31 – 33 weeks and 41.67 % between 34 – 36 weeks. The paired difference of mean in pre term neonates on post - intervention 3rd day and 5th day in experimental and control group in weight gain were 109.83, 176.33 grams & 78.16, 118.33 grams, temperature were 0.270, 0.870Celsius & 0.150, 0.310 Celsius, heart rate were 10.17, 9.30 & 4.63, 3.93 beats/ minute , respiratory rate were 5.70, 11.23 & 3.00 , 5.80 breaths / minute ,mean oxygen saturation were 2.47, 4.65% & 1.12, 2.23 % . The .mean pre intervention Vs post intervention on 5th day among over all physiological parameter consists of structured interview schedule in experimental group and control group includes increased feeding pattern by 50% and 11.7% (X2 = 26.612), increased sucking pattern by 55% and 10% (X2 = 30.572), increased duration per sleep by 68.3% and 5% (X2 = 56.885), increased sleeping pattern by 61.7% and 6.7% (X2 = 43.364), decreased crying pattern by 60% and 1.7% (X2 = 48.553) and increased urination pattern by 73.3% and 6.7% (X2 = 58.989) than control group. The present study findings concluded that the tactile and auditory stimulation had positive effects on growth and maturation in preemies. It can be used in any clinical and community settings to maintain the physiological parameters among preterm neonates. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Since massage therapy is a cost effective therapeutic technique it should be encouraged in all community especially rural poor pre term babies. Health education about massage & music therapies should be given to NICU nurses, staff nurses, village health nurses, Auxiliary nurse midwife in order to promote these therapies as a routine care in the management
{"title":"Effectiveness of Tactile and Auditory Stimulation on Physiological Parameters among Preterm Neonates at NICU - a RCT Study Design","authors":"Majella Livingston, Dr. Alber. M. Mathiarasu","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1752","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of tactile & auditory stimulation on physiological parameters weight, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, feeding pattern, sleeping hours, crying spells and urination among preterm neonates. \u0000Material and Methods: A quantitative research approach with true experimental research design was adopted for this study Samples: 120 preterm neonates who got admission and present in the NICU or postnatal unit of KKMCH, who satisfied inclusion criteria. Tool: The tool was developed, validated by experts and checked for its reliability Sample Size: Open Epi, Version 3, open source calculator Sample Size for Comparing Two Means from pilot study. Total sample size 120. Among them 60 preterm neonates were assigned to experimental group and control group each randomly. Statistical analysis used: Demographic data using frequency and percentage distribution. Physiological parameters were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, paired T test. Structured interview schedule by Chi Square test. Association by Multiple Logistic Regression. \u0000Findings: Out of 120 preterm neonates, 48.3 % males, 51.7 % females and 42.5 % Hindus, 52.5% Christians and 5 % Muslims. Gestational age 18.33 % between 28 – 30 weeks, 40 % between 31 – 33 weeks and 41.67 % between 34 – 36 weeks. The paired difference of mean in pre term neonates on post - intervention 3rd day and 5th day in experimental and control group in weight gain were 109.83, 176.33 grams & 78.16, 118.33 grams, temperature were 0.270, 0.870Celsius & 0.150, 0.310 Celsius, heart rate were 10.17, 9.30 & 4.63, 3.93 beats/ minute , respiratory rate were 5.70, 11.23 & 3.00 , 5.80 breaths / minute ,mean oxygen saturation were 2.47, 4.65% & 1.12, 2.23 % . The .mean pre intervention Vs post intervention on 5th day among over all physiological parameter consists of structured interview schedule in experimental group and control group includes increased feeding pattern by 50% and 11.7% (X2 = 26.612), increased sucking pattern by 55% and 10% (X2 = 30.572), increased duration per sleep by 68.3% and 5% (X2 = 56.885), increased sleeping pattern by 61.7% and 6.7% (X2 = 43.364), decreased crying pattern by 60% and 1.7% (X2 = 48.553) and increased urination pattern by 73.3% and 6.7% (X2 = 58.989) than control group. The present study findings concluded that the tactile and auditory stimulation had positive effects on growth and maturation in preemies. It can be used in any clinical and community settings to maintain the physiological parameters among preterm neonates. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Since massage therapy is a cost effective therapeutic technique it should be encouraged in all community especially rural poor pre term babies. Health education about massage & music therapies should be given to NICU nurses, staff nurses, village health nurses, Auxiliary nurse midwife in order to promote these therapies as a routine care in the management ","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"528 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alya Saeed Ali Khamis Alteneiji, A. Almheiri, Mohamed Saleh
Purpose: The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the literature on the topic of breast surgery and its benefits for women with metastatic breast cancer. Breast surgery can involve either a mastectomy, which involves removing the entire breast along with lymph nodes, nipple, and areola, or a lumpectomy, which involves removing breast tissue and tumour but leaving the nipple and areola intact. Methodology: We included any English-language study published between 2000 and 2021 that looked at the effects of breast surgery on survival or quality of life for women with metastatic breast cancer, whether it was an interventional study or an observational study. We utilised a combination of keywords like "Breast surgery," "mastectomy," "lumpectomy," "metastatic disease," "survival," "observational studies," "intervention studies," and "quality of life" to scour sources like PubMed and Embase. We considered randomised controlled trials that contrasted hormonal therapy, radiation, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and supportive care with breast surgery alone or in combination with systemic therapy. A variety of outcomes were considered, including overall survival, quality of life, toxicity from local treatment as measured by one-month mortality, survival without progression, and survival specific to breast cancer. Findings: The evidence from randomised controlled trials is limited and not conclusive, while observational studies do suggest that breast surgery may benefit with metastatic breast cancer. Since observational studies are prone to problems like selection bias and unmeasured confounding, it is difficult to draw any conclusions regarding the advantages of breast surgery without solid proof from RCTs. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Each woman diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer should be considered individually when deciding whether or not to undergo surgery. This should be done until results from big ongoing RCTs are available. When considering treatment options, the patient and doctor must weigh the pros and cons of each, as well as the associated costs. The current lack of strong evidence calls for more randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in both developing and developed nations, with bigger sample sizes.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Surgical Landscape in Breast Cancer Management","authors":"Alya Saeed Ali Khamis Alteneiji, A. Almheiri, Mohamed Saleh","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1737","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the literature on the topic of breast surgery and its benefits for women with metastatic breast cancer. Breast surgery can involve either a mastectomy, which involves removing the entire breast along with lymph nodes, nipple, and areola, or a lumpectomy, which involves removing breast tissue and tumour but leaving the nipple and areola intact. \u0000Methodology: We included any English-language study published between 2000 and 2021 that looked at the effects of breast surgery on survival or quality of life for women with metastatic breast cancer, whether it was an interventional study or an observational study. We utilised a combination of keywords like \"Breast surgery,\" \"mastectomy,\" \"lumpectomy,\" \"metastatic disease,\" \"survival,\" \"observational studies,\" \"intervention studies,\" and \"quality of life\" to scour sources like PubMed and Embase. We considered randomised controlled trials that contrasted hormonal therapy, radiation, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and supportive care with breast surgery alone or in combination with systemic therapy. A variety of outcomes were considered, including overall survival, quality of life, toxicity from local treatment as measured by one-month mortality, survival without progression, and survival specific to breast cancer. \u0000Findings: The evidence from randomised controlled trials is limited and not conclusive, while observational studies do suggest that breast surgery may benefit with metastatic breast cancer. Since observational studies are prone to problems like selection bias and unmeasured confounding, it is difficult to draw any conclusions regarding the advantages of breast surgery without solid proof from RCTs. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Each woman diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer should be considered individually when deciding whether or not to undergo surgery. This should be done until results from big ongoing RCTs are available. When considering treatment options, the patient and doctor must weigh the pros and cons of each, as well as the associated costs. The current lack of strong evidence calls for more randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in both developing and developed nations, with bigger sample sizes.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139625881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bashir, Qasim Raza, Danish Hussain, Syeda Amna Iqbal, Akram Ali, Muhammad Azhar, Kaiynat Shafique, Iqra Tahir
Purpose: Research is the most important aspect for the betterment and enhancement of medical services that are provided to the community. Health training research is regarded as a critical activity in current medical training at the undergraduate level. The aim of this investigation was to identify the key obstacles that medical students face when performing academic research and to see if these issues differ between female and male students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research was carried out, encompassing 164 participants, wherein a modified questionnaire was deployed for data acquisition. Employing a simple random sampling methodology, data was gathered exclusively from final year undergraduate medical students from government and private universities of Faisalabad. Exclusions were made for individuals exhibiting isolated personalities, lack of willingness to participate in research, and those presenting psychological concerns. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and presented in form of tables and graphs. Findings: Participants mean age was 20.73±1.7. Out of 164 students, 60.4% were females and 39.6% were males. Most prominent obstacles were found to be limited monetary support or lack of funding for research, family responsibilities, lack of guidance from university professors, demotivating university authorities, social responsibilities, and lack of knowledge about statistical methods, limited availability of information sources, limited time, insufficient understanding of research procedures, and insufficient research abilities. There were no statistical significant differences found between male and female students regarding these perceived obstacles. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutes need to organize a variety of research-related activities, and teachers must encourage students to participate in research activities. International and local seminars should be organized for students to emphasize the importance of medical research. Teachers should involve students in research projects so that they can expand their knowledge. Because the sample size in this study was small, it must be replicated with a larger sample size in future studies. It is recommended that additional research be conducted to investigate the perspectives of university professors, research mentors, and university authorities in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and potential solutions. Collaborate with university administration to identify potential sources of financial support for student research projects.
{"title":"Obstacles Encountered by Medical Students in Conducting Academic Research - A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"A. Bashir, Qasim Raza, Danish Hussain, Syeda Amna Iqbal, Akram Ali, Muhammad Azhar, Kaiynat Shafique, Iqra Tahir","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1705","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Research is the most important aspect for the betterment and enhancement of medical services that are provided to the community. Health training research is regarded as a critical activity in current medical training at the undergraduate level. The aim of this investigation was to identify the key obstacles that medical students face when performing academic research and to see if these issues differ between female and male students. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research was carried out, encompassing 164 participants, wherein a modified questionnaire was deployed for data acquisition. Employing a simple random sampling methodology, data was gathered exclusively from final year undergraduate medical students from government and private universities of Faisalabad. Exclusions were made for individuals exhibiting isolated personalities, lack of willingness to participate in research, and those presenting psychological concerns. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and presented in form of tables and graphs. \u0000Findings: Participants mean age was 20.73±1.7. Out of 164 students, 60.4% were females and 39.6% were males. Most prominent obstacles were found to be limited monetary support or lack of funding for research, family responsibilities, lack of guidance from university professors, demotivating university authorities, social responsibilities, and lack of knowledge about statistical methods, limited availability of information sources, limited time, insufficient understanding of research procedures, and insufficient research abilities. There were no statistical significant differences found between male and female students regarding these perceived obstacles. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutes need to organize a variety of research-related activities, and teachers must encourage students to participate in research activities. International and local seminars should be organized for students to emphasize the importance of medical research. Teachers should involve students in research projects so that they can expand their knowledge. Because the sample size in this study was small, it must be replicated with a larger sample size in future studies. It is recommended that additional research be conducted to investigate the perspectives of university professors, research mentors, and university authorities in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and potential solutions. Collaborate with university administration to identify potential sources of financial support for student research projects.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"123 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Mohamed Alsari Almheiri, Majid Alhammadi, Khaled Al Zaman
Purpose: Facial fillers, also alluded to as dermal fillers, consist of injectable chemicals as portion of a minimally invasive strategy to incidentally enhance the aesthetic and appearance of facial highlights by correcting volumes. Non-surgical rhinoplasty, also called liquid rhinoplasty, includes the utilize of dermal fillers to improve the shape of the nose. Non-surgical rhinoplasty is picking up popularity over the surgical choice on account of its ease of application, cheaper cost, better safety profile, less adverse effects, and faster recuperation time. Nevertheless, with the complex nasal arterial vasculature and structure, complications have been detailed within the literature. In this review, we examine the distributed applications of facial fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty and its viability and security profile as compared to the surgical alternative. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review of articles on facial fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty was performed. Search results were filtered to incorporate articles and studies that were distributed within the last five years, to increase the relevance of the results to current practices. Search results were then reviewed for significance to the utilize of facial or dermal fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty only. Studies that detailed the role of face fillers in areas unrelated to rhinoplasty and nose defects were excluded. Findings: Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and discussed the role, security and viability of facial or dermal fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty. Of these, three were designed to illustrate particular techniques embraced in non-surgical rhinoplasty as well as the common uses of diverse and common fillers. The remaining three reviewed the safety and viability of particular filler sorts: one article inspected the use of Hyaluronic corrosive based dermal fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty, another reviewed the strategy of PMMA-collagen gel in non-surgical rhinoplasty absconds, and finally, a study analyzed the utilize of a hybrid nasal filler which combined agarose gel and hyaluronic corrosive. The remaining article from the literature reviewed a case from a patient who detailed persistent headache and migraine-like indications following non-surgical rhinoplasty. Conclusions: Facial fillers are compelling and safe options for patients who wish to rectify or enhance their nasal shape or form, without going for surgery. Although the results are not as permanent as with the surgical alternative, non-surgical rhinoplasty offers a better recovery time, and cheaper cost. Given the distinctive properties ascribed to each filler type, and the diverse cases of nasal deformities, the filler choice and area should be chosen on a patient-specific basis. Compared to surgical rhinoplasty, the complications and adverse occasions from the non-surgical injections are as a rule mild and self-limiting. While severe complications are uncommon, deep knowled
{"title":"The Role of Facial Fillers in Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review of Safety and Efficacy","authors":"Ali Mohamed Alsari Almheiri, Majid Alhammadi, Khaled Al Zaman","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1693","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Facial fillers, also alluded to as dermal fillers, consist of injectable chemicals as portion of a minimally invasive strategy to incidentally enhance the aesthetic and appearance of facial highlights by correcting volumes. Non-surgical rhinoplasty, also called liquid rhinoplasty, includes the utilize of dermal fillers to improve the shape of the nose. Non-surgical rhinoplasty is picking up popularity over the surgical choice on account of its ease of application, cheaper cost, better safety profile, less adverse effects, and faster recuperation time. Nevertheless, with the complex nasal arterial vasculature and structure, complications have been detailed within the literature. In this review, we examine the distributed applications of facial fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty and its viability and security profile as compared to the surgical alternative. \u0000Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review of articles on facial fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty was performed. Search results were filtered to incorporate articles and studies that were distributed within the last five years, to increase the relevance of the results to current practices. Search results were then reviewed for significance to the utilize of facial or dermal fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty only. Studies that detailed the role of face fillers in areas unrelated to rhinoplasty and nose defects were excluded. \u0000Findings: Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and discussed the role, security and viability of facial or dermal fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty. Of these, three were designed to illustrate particular techniques embraced in non-surgical rhinoplasty as well as the common uses of diverse and common fillers. The remaining three reviewed the safety and viability of particular filler sorts: one article inspected the use of Hyaluronic corrosive based dermal fillers in non-surgical rhinoplasty, another reviewed the strategy of PMMA-collagen gel in non-surgical rhinoplasty absconds, and finally, a study analyzed the utilize of a hybrid nasal filler which combined agarose gel and hyaluronic corrosive. The remaining article from the literature reviewed a case from a patient who detailed persistent headache and migraine-like indications following non-surgical rhinoplasty. \u0000Conclusions: Facial fillers are compelling and safe options for patients who wish to rectify or enhance their nasal shape or form, without going for surgery. Although the results are not as permanent as with the surgical alternative, non-surgical rhinoplasty offers a better recovery time, and cheaper cost. Given the distinctive properties ascribed to each filler type, and the diverse cases of nasal deformities, the filler choice and area should be chosen on a patient-specific basis. Compared to surgical rhinoplasty, the complications and adverse occasions from the non-surgical injections are as a rule mild and self-limiting. While severe complications are uncommon, deep knowled","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of this review is to investigate the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and Intraocular pressure with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). Materials and Methods: A literature search using Medline database was conducted for the years 1946 to 2022 to explore the relationship between central corneal thickness and Intraocular pressure measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer. The search was restricted to studies published in English language. The first 80 articles were reviewed and five relevant studies were selected in this analysis. Findings: Impacts of central corneal thickness on Intraocular pressure were investigated in five studies. Overestimation of intraocular pressure is associated with thick cornea while underestimation of intraocular pressure was associated with thin cornea Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Central corneal thickness can affect the result of Intraocular pressure measurement with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) . Assessment of central corneal thickness (CCT) is necessary for correct interpretation of IOP measurements obtained with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT).
{"title":"Correlation Between Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure with the Goldmann Applanation Tonometer","authors":"Fayez Alshehri, Badriah Alrashidi","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1681","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this review is to investigate the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and Intraocular pressure with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). \u0000Materials and Methods: A literature search using Medline database was conducted for the years 1946 to 2022 to explore the relationship between central corneal thickness and Intraocular pressure measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer. The search was restricted to studies published in English language. The first 80 articles were reviewed and five relevant studies were selected in this analysis. \u0000Findings: Impacts of central corneal thickness on Intraocular pressure were investigated in five studies. Overestimation of intraocular pressure is associated with thick cornea while underestimation of intraocular pressure was associated with thin cornea \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Central corneal thickness can affect the result of Intraocular pressure measurement with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) . Assessment of central corneal thickness (CCT) is necessary for correct interpretation of IOP measurements obtained with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT).","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"94 4‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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