Ahmed Mumtaz, Jehanzeb Akram, Abdul Hadi Hasan, Ramsha Ali, Muhammad Salman Tariq, Alizay Tauqeer, Ayesha Basharat, Marryam Amer, Syeda Ammara Fatima, Somia Bibi, Tayyab Mumtaz Khan
Purpose: Stroke incidence is high all over in the world. It has a list of specific warning signs and risk factors. Awareness of people about those warning signs and risk factors is low especially in third world countries. This study aimed to identify the awareness of people about the warning signs and risk factors of stroke. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care hospital, Rawalpindi, among one hundred for one year from June 2021 to June 2022. Ethical approval and informed consent were waived before the start of study. Patients’ selection was made via a well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Convenient sampling technique was also used for enrollment of participants. Data was collected by using a self-designed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were put into action for the data analysis. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Findings: The warning sign of the stroke about which most of the people were aware was sudden body weakness or numbness (74%) while warning sign about which people were least aware was sudden difficulty in seeing objects by one or both eyes (29%). The most common identified risk factor in people was hypertension (70%) for stroke while least common identified risk factor was family history of stroke (36%). In short, this study indicates people awareness about the warning signs and risk factors of stroke was not up to the mark in study population. Recommendation: There is need to increase the awareness level of people about the warning signs and risk factors of the stroke. This could lead to timely and effective management of stroke and its prevention as well.
{"title":"Assessment of the Awareness of Warning Signs and Risk Factors of Stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Rawalpindi: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ahmed Mumtaz, Jehanzeb Akram, Abdul Hadi Hasan, Ramsha Ali, Muhammad Salman Tariq, Alizay Tauqeer, Ayesha Basharat, Marryam Amer, Syeda Ammara Fatima, Somia Bibi, Tayyab Mumtaz Khan","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1342","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Stroke incidence is high all over in the world. It has a list of specific warning signs and risk factors. Awareness of people about those warning signs and risk factors is low especially in third world countries. This study aimed to identify the awareness of people about the warning signs and risk factors of stroke. \u0000Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care hospital, Rawalpindi, among one hundred for one year from June 2021 to June 2022. Ethical approval and informed consent were waived before the start of study. Patients’ selection was made via a well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Convenient sampling technique was also used for enrollment of participants. Data was collected by using a self-designed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were put into action for the data analysis. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). \u0000Findings: The warning sign of the stroke about which most of the people were aware was sudden body weakness or numbness (74%) while warning sign about which people were least aware was sudden difficulty in seeing objects by one or both eyes (29%). The most common identified risk factor in people was hypertension (70%) for stroke while least common identified risk factor was family history of stroke (36%). In short, this study indicates people awareness about the warning signs and risk factors of stroke was not up to the mark in study population. \u0000Recommendation: There is need to increase the awareness level of people about the warning signs and risk factors of the stroke. This could lead to timely and effective management of stroke and its prevention as well.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78834976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. E. Hasan, M. El Emary, A A Abd El Mageed, H Fayed, M. Maher, A. Nammour, M. Ali
Purpose: Coronary physiological assessment is now routinely applied in the catheter laboratory to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Currently most physiological assessment is performed in a binary manner to determine whether a vessel requires intervention. Although studies have reported the high diagnostic efficiency of physiological assessment in minimizing the number of vessels requiring treatment, it is widely recognized that interrogation of individual stenosis in the presence of tandem lesions or diffuse disease under hyperemic conditions makes PCI planning complex and less practical. The aim of this study was to perform assessment of severity of coronary lesions of a pressure guide wire with continuous instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) co-registration measurement compared coronary angiography and quantitative coronary analysis (QCA) aiming to minimize the procedure, decrease number and length of stents used. Methodology: This non randomized controlled trial was conducted at Cardiology Department, Benha University, National Heart Institute (NHI) from February 2020 to September 2022. The study included a group of 30 patients presented with diffuse coronary artery disease and undergoing elective PCI. Findings: The study found out that the distribution of risk factors among studied groups was HTN representing 54%, regarding DM 60%, concerning dyslipidemia 64% and smokers represented 57%. The median of expected length of stent using QCA assessment was 40.2 mm with standard deviation (SD) (8mm) higher than detected actually deployed by iFR co-registration. The mean length of stents used by IFR co-registration was 20.2 mm stents (SD: 11.2 mm) and P-value was 0.0000. Also, all patients needed stent via QCA while only 86% actually need stent application via iFR co-registration assessment, leading to a fewer stents placed per patient. The difference was statistically significant p<0.0022. This study demonstrates that iFR co-registration performed under resting conditions predicted the physiological outcome of PCI with a high degree of accuracy. Compared with QCA, iFR co-registration significantly decreased the number and length of hemodynamically significant lesions identified for revascularization. iFR co-registration should be performed under resting Recommendation: iFR co-registration should be performed under resting conditions to predict the physiological outcome of PCI with a high degree of accuracy.
目的:冠脉生理评估已成为导管实验室指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的常规方法。目前，大多数生理评估都是以二元方式进行的，以确定血管是否需要干预。尽管研究报道了生理评估在减少需要治疗的血管数量方面具有很高的诊断效率，但人们普遍认为，在充血条件下存在串联病变或弥漫性疾病时对个别狭窄的检查使PCI计划变得复杂且不太实用。本研究的目的是通过连续瞬时无波比(iFR)共配准测量来评估压力导丝对冠状动脉病变的严重程度，并将冠状动脉造影和定量冠状动脉分析(QCA)进行比较，旨在减少手术次数，减少支架使用的数量和长度。方法:这项非随机对照试验于2020年2月至2022年9月在Benha大学国立心脏研究所(NHI)心内科进行。该研究包括一组30名患有弥漫性冠状动脉疾病并接受选择性PCI治疗的患者。研究发现:研究人群的危险因素分布为:HTN占54%，糖尿病占60%，血脂异常占64%，吸烟占57%。使用QCA评估的预期支架长度中位数为40.2 mm，标准差(SD) (8mm)高于iFR联合登记实际部署的检测结果。IFR共配使用的支架平均长度为20.2 mm (SD: 11.2 mm)， p值为0.0000。此外，所有患者都需要通过QCA进行支架植入，而实际上只有86%的患者需要通过iFR联合注册评估进行支架植入，这导致每位患者放置的支架较少。差异有统计学意义p<0.0022。本研究表明，在静息条件下进行的iFR共配准可以高度准确地预测PCI的生理结果。与QCA相比，iFR共配准显著减少了血流动力学上重要的血流重建病变的数量和长度。建议:iFR联合登记应在静息条件下进行，以高度准确地预测PCI的生理结果。
{"title":"Assessment of Diffusely Diseased Coronary Artery by Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Co-Registration versus Quantitative Coronary Angiography","authors":"M. E. Hasan, M. El Emary, A A Abd El Mageed, H Fayed, M. Maher, A. Nammour, M. Ali","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1325","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Coronary physiological assessment is now routinely applied in the catheter laboratory to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Currently most physiological assessment is performed in a binary manner to determine whether a vessel requires intervention. Although studies have reported the high diagnostic efficiency of physiological assessment in minimizing the number of vessels requiring treatment, it is widely recognized that interrogation of individual stenosis in the presence of tandem lesions or diffuse disease under hyperemic conditions makes PCI planning complex and less practical. The aim of this study was to perform assessment of severity of coronary lesions of a pressure guide wire with continuous instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) co-registration measurement compared coronary angiography and quantitative coronary analysis (QCA) aiming to minimize the procedure, decrease number and length of stents used. \u0000Methodology: This non randomized controlled trial was conducted at Cardiology Department, Benha University, National Heart Institute (NHI) from February 2020 to September 2022. The study included a group of 30 patients presented with diffuse coronary artery disease and undergoing elective PCI. \u0000Findings: The study found out that the distribution of risk factors among studied groups was HTN representing 54%, regarding DM 60%, concerning dyslipidemia 64% and smokers represented 57%. The median of expected length of stent using QCA assessment was 40.2 mm with standard deviation (SD) (8mm) higher than detected actually deployed by iFR co-registration. The mean length of stents used by IFR co-registration was 20.2 mm stents (SD: 11.2 mm) and P-value was 0.0000. Also, all patients needed stent via QCA while only 86% actually need stent application via iFR co-registration assessment, leading to a fewer stents placed per patient. The difference was statistically significant p<0.0022. This study demonstrates that iFR co-registration performed under resting conditions predicted the physiological outcome of PCI with a high degree of accuracy. Compared with QCA, iFR co-registration significantly decreased the number and length of hemodynamically significant lesions identified for revascularization. iFR co-registration should be performed under resting Recommendation: iFR co-registration should be performed under resting conditions to predict the physiological outcome of PCI with a high degree of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77862958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Elnagar, Neama Elmelegy, Ahmed Abdelmonaem, A. Magdy
Purpose: Hemoglobin level is associated with outcomes and complications in ST segment Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients. The aim of the study is was to evaluate the correlation between admission Hemoglobin level and the incidence of in hospital complications in patients with STEMI treated with primary Percutaneous Intervention (pPCI). Methodology: This was an observational study recruiting STEMI patients at the National Heart Institute. Admission Hemoglobin level withdrawn and the patients receiving pPCI was followed up during their hospital stay for incidence of complications including new significant arrhythmias, no reflow, stroke, contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). Duration of hospital stay was used as an overall indication of incidence of complication. Patients receiving lytic therapy, parenteral antiplatelet, receiving urgent CABG were excluded from the study. Out of 173 patients presented with STEMI to the National Heart Institute in Egypt and recruited for the study, 106 patients only were included in the study. Findings: Significant correlation between admission Hemoglobin level and incidence of new significant arrhythmias, no reflow and prolonged duration of hospital stay P-value (P <0.009, P <0.000, Prob > chi2 = 0.001) respectively. There was a significant association between hemoglobin level at the time of admission in STEMI patients and incidence of in-hospital complications including different types of arrhythmias, no reflow phenomenon, and prolonged duration of hospital stay. Recommendation: All the precautions should be taken by health care providers with efficient team work to avoid no reflow in anemic and polycythemic patients presenting with STEMI in primary intervention.
{"title":"In Hospital Prognosis in Patients Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Role of Admission Hemoglobin Level","authors":"A. Elnagar, Neama Elmelegy, Ahmed Abdelmonaem, A. Magdy","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1319","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Hemoglobin level is associated with outcomes and complications in ST segment Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients. The aim of the study is was to evaluate the correlation between admission Hemoglobin level and the incidence of in hospital complications in patients with STEMI treated with primary Percutaneous Intervention (pPCI). \u0000Methodology: This was an observational study recruiting STEMI patients at the National Heart Institute. Admission Hemoglobin level withdrawn and the patients receiving pPCI was followed up during their hospital stay for incidence of complications including new significant arrhythmias, no reflow, stroke, contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). Duration of hospital stay was used as an overall indication of incidence of complication. Patients receiving lytic therapy, parenteral antiplatelet, receiving urgent CABG were excluded from the study. Out of 173 patients presented with STEMI to the National Heart Institute in Egypt and recruited for the study, 106 patients only were included in the study. \u0000Findings: Significant correlation between admission Hemoglobin level and incidence of new significant arrhythmias, no reflow and prolonged duration of hospital stay P-value (P <0.009, P <0.000, Prob > chi2 = 0.001) respectively. There was a significant association between hemoglobin level at the time of admission in STEMI patients and incidence of in-hospital complications including different types of arrhythmias, no reflow phenomenon, and prolonged duration of hospital stay. \u0000Recommendation: All the precautions should be taken by health care providers with efficient team work to avoid no reflow in anemic and polycythemic patients presenting with STEMI in primary intervention. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76223981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. O. Ikpeazu, J. Chikezie, L. Chigbu, S. Offiah, S. Umeh, N. Igboh
Purpose: The long-term positive effect of physical activity on the incidence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and life expectancy are well known. This has led to many stressing the importance of exercising to promote optimal health. This study is therefore aimed at evaluating the effect of physical exercise on serum level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and Uric acid among adult athletes in Aba Metropolis of Abia State. Methodology: Hundred adults were used for the study. Fifty subjects served as control and were randomly selected. The remaining fifty, twenty-five were males and twenty-five were females. Thirteen out of the twenty-five males and females exercise regularly while twelve exercises seldom. However for inclusion criteria the person had to be an athlete and for exclusion criteria, persons with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, stroke rheumatoid arthritis and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases were excluded. Blood sample was collected by venipuncture and was used to determine Highly Sensitive C-Reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and Uric Acid using Enzyme Linked Immunoassay machine and Semi automated Analyzer respectively. Data generated were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25), One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and student t- test. Significance level for analysis was set at P-value 0.05 (P=<0.05). Findings: The result from the study revealed that regularly exercising athletes had significantly lower Hs-CRP values than the control group. Observed as well was that regularly exercising athletes had lower HsCRP values than seldom-exercising athletes. Conversely, the uric acid level of those that exercise regularly increased compared to those seldomly exercise. This study has yet added to the need and importance of exercise in order to stay in optimal health. Recommendation: People without health issue should be encouraged to exercise regularly but this should not be outside consulting their health care giver.
目的:体育锻炼对冠状动脉疾病、高血压、血脂异常、肥胖和预期寿命的长期积极影响是众所周知的。这导致许多人强调锻炼对促进最佳健康的重要性。因此，本研究旨在评估体育锻炼对阿比亚州阿坝市成年运动员血清高敏感c反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)和尿酸水平的影响。研究方法:研究对象为100名成年人。随机选取50名受试者作为对照。剩下的50只，25只雄性，25只雌性。25名男女中有13人经常锻炼，12人很少锻炼。然而，按照纳入标准，此人必须是运动员，而按照排除标准，患有心血管疾病、糖尿病、中风、风湿性关节炎和慢性阻塞性肺病的人被排除在外。静脉穿刺采血，分别用酶联免疫仪和半自动分析仪检测高敏感c反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)和尿酸。产生的数据分析使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS Version 25)，单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和学生t检验。P= 0.05为分析的显著性水平(P=<0.05)。研究结果:研究结果显示，经常锻炼的运动员的Hs-CRP值明显低于对照组。同样观察到的是，经常运动的运动员的HsCRP值低于很少运动的运动员。相反，经常运动的人的尿酸水平比很少运动的人高。这项研究进一步强调了锻炼的必要性和重要性，以保持最佳健康状态。建议:应该鼓励没有健康问题的人定期锻炼，但这应该咨询他们的医疗保健提供者。
{"title":"Assessment of Serum Level of Highly Sensitive C-reactive Protein (Hs-Crp) and Uric Acid among Adult Athletes in Aba Metropolis","authors":"V. O. Ikpeazu, J. Chikezie, L. Chigbu, S. Offiah, S. Umeh, N. Igboh","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1317","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The long-term positive effect of physical activity on the incidence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and life expectancy are well known. This has led to many stressing the importance of exercising to promote optimal health. This study is therefore aimed at evaluating the effect of physical exercise on serum level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and Uric acid among adult athletes in Aba Metropolis of Abia State. \u0000Methodology: Hundred adults were used for the study. Fifty subjects served as control and were randomly selected. The remaining fifty, twenty-five were males and twenty-five were females. Thirteen out of the twenty-five males and females exercise regularly while twelve exercises seldom. However for inclusion criteria the person had to be an athlete and for exclusion criteria, persons with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, stroke rheumatoid arthritis and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases were excluded. Blood sample was collected by venipuncture and was used to determine Highly Sensitive C-Reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and Uric Acid using Enzyme Linked Immunoassay machine and Semi automated Analyzer respectively. Data generated were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25), One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and student t- test. Significance level for analysis was set at P-value 0.05 (P=<0.05). \u0000Findings: The result from the study revealed that regularly exercising athletes had significantly lower Hs-CRP values than the control group. Observed as well was that regularly exercising athletes had lower HsCRP values than seldom-exercising athletes. Conversely, the uric acid level of those that exercise regularly increased compared to those seldomly exercise. This study has yet added to the need and importance of exercise in order to stay in optimal health. \u0000Recommendation: People without health issue should be encouraged to exercise regularly but this should not be outside consulting their health care giver. ","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85960741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. O. Ikpeazu, S. Offiah, J. Chikezie, L. Chigbu, A. Ekenjoku, V. O. Ugwa, N. Igboh
Purpose: In Nigeria, malaria continues to be a huge public health problem. Incidentally, malaria is caused by either Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax. Malaria associated deaths in Metropolis area is mainly due to Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium parasite is primarily transmitted by the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito during blood meal though this can also occur through exposure to infected blood products (blood transfusion) and by congenital transmission. This study therefore aimed at investigating the effect of malaria parasite on hepatocytes by monitoring enzyme activities such as the transaminases and the excretory function of the liver (bilirubin). Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional study where hundred adults participated. A total of 50 patients' samples (adults) both male and female were collected from the same geographic location and fifty were selected as control and another fifty for the test. Examination of a thick blood film stained with Giemsa was done to confirm the presence of plasmodium and its absence as control. The activities of Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase and bilirubin level was determined using Redox enzymatic kit Standard methods. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using students t-test where P<0.05 was considered significant. Findings: There was a positive relationship between the enzyme activities and the level of parasitemia (P<90.05). Derangement in AST (13.30±4.48U/L), ALT (13.9±4.52U/L), TB (3.92± 1.30U/L), CB (0.56 ±0.28U/L) levels for the infected subjects were higher when compared with controls .This study has demonstrated that the invasion of the hepatocytes by the malaria parasite causes the liberation of the transaminase into the blood serum and equally, the excretory function through elevation of bilirubin of the liver was affected. Recommendation: This study recommend transaminases and bilirubin to be assessed to assist in disease detection, prompt diagnosis and intervention especially in endemic malaria area.
{"title":"Effect of Malaria Parasite on Hepatic Parameters in People Living in Aba Metropolis","authors":"V. O. Ikpeazu, S. Offiah, J. Chikezie, L. Chigbu, A. Ekenjoku, V. O. Ugwa, N. Igboh","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1318","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In Nigeria, malaria continues to be a huge public health problem. Incidentally, malaria is caused by either Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax. Malaria associated deaths in Metropolis area is mainly due to Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium parasite is primarily transmitted by the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito during blood meal though this can also occur through exposure to infected blood products (blood transfusion) and by congenital transmission. This study therefore aimed at investigating the effect of malaria parasite on hepatocytes by monitoring enzyme activities such as the transaminases and the excretory function of the liver (bilirubin). \u0000Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional study where hundred adults participated. A total of 50 patients' samples (adults) both male and female were collected from the same geographic location and fifty were selected as control and another fifty for the test. Examination of a thick blood film stained with Giemsa was done to confirm the presence of plasmodium and its absence as control. The activities of Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase and bilirubin level was determined using Redox enzymatic kit Standard methods. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using students t-test where P<0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Findings: There was a positive relationship between the enzyme activities and the level of parasitemia (P<90.05). Derangement in AST (13.30±4.48U/L), ALT (13.9±4.52U/L), TB (3.92± 1.30U/L), CB (0.56 ±0.28U/L) levels for the infected subjects were higher when compared with controls .This study has demonstrated that the invasion of the hepatocytes by the malaria parasite causes the liberation of the transaminase into the blood serum and equally, the excretory function through elevation of bilirubin of the liver was affected. \u0000Recommendation: This study recommend transaminases and bilirubin to be assessed to assist in disease detection, prompt diagnosis and intervention especially in endemic malaria area. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86670203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. O. Ikpeazu, S. Offiah, J. Chikezie, L. Chigbu, A. Ekenjoku, N. Chinyere, N. Igboh
Purpose: Chronic alcohol consumption predisposes individuals to several disorders, though, such effect depends on its level of concentration in the blood overtime. To ascertain the effects of alcohol on various tissues and organs of the body, the study evaluated the plasma lipids and reductive enzymes in alcoholics in Aba Metropolis. Methodology: A total of one hundred and fifty subjects comprising hundred alcoholics and fifty age marched non-alcoholics were included in the study. Subjects with chronic diseases or other health issues and subjects with intake of drugs like thiazides, beta blockers and steroids were excluded from the study while those who were regular drinkers met the inclusion criteria for the test group. Both the test group and control group resided within Aba Metropoli. The alcoholic subjects were grouped into moderate and heavy drinkers based on the amount of alcohols consumed per week. Serum was obtained from blood collected from the subjects by venipuncture was used to determine lipid profile and the reductive enzymes. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS version 25) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance level for the analysis was set at P-value equal to or less than 0.05 (P=<0.05). Findings: There was a significant increase in the mean levels of TC, TG, LDL, GGT and LDH in heavy drinkers’ alcoholics when compared to those who consumed alcohol moderately and non-alcoholics (control). In moderate alcoholics, there was significant increase in HDL and decrease in LDL when compared with heavy alcoholics. However, the increase in the assayed parameters in alcoholics suggest that high alcoholic beverages may induce derangement in some biochemical parameters monitored. Recommendation: The study recommend that health awareness to be carried out to inform the public and vulnerable individuals on the risk of chronic alcohol consumption which may predispose them to various health problems.
目的:长期饮酒使个体易患几种疾病，但这种影响取决于其在血液中的浓度水平。为了确定酒精对身体各组织和器官的影响，本研究评估了阿坝市酗酒者的血浆脂质和还原酶。研究方法:共纳入150名受试者，其中包括100名酗酒者和50名年龄大的非酗酒者。患有慢性疾病或其他健康问题的受试者以及服用噻嗪类药物、受体阻滞剂和类固醇等药物的受试者被排除在研究之外，而那些经常饮酒的人则符合测试组的纳入标准。试验组和对照组均居住在阿坝市区。根据每周饮酒量，饮酒者被分为中度饮酒者和重度饮酒者。通过静脉穿刺采集受试者血液，取血清测定血脂和还原酶。所得数据采用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS version 25)和方差分析(ANOVA)进行分析。分析的显著性水平设置为P值等于或小于0.05 (P=<0.05)。研究结果:重度饮酒者的TC、TG、LDL、GGT和LDH的平均水平明显高于中度饮酒者和非饮酒者(对照组)。在中度酗酒者中，与重度酗酒者相比，HDL显著升高，LDL显著降低。然而，酗酒者检测参数的增加表明，高酒精饮料可能会导致某些生化参数的紊乱。建议:该研究建议提高健康意识，使公众和弱势群体了解长期饮酒的风险，这可能使他们易患各种健康问题。
{"title":"Lipid Profile and Reductive Enzyme Activities in Chronic Alcoholics in Aba Metropolis","authors":"V. O. Ikpeazu, S. Offiah, J. Chikezie, L. Chigbu, A. Ekenjoku, N. Chinyere, N. Igboh","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1316","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Chronic alcohol consumption predisposes individuals to several disorders, though, such effect depends on its level of concentration in the blood overtime. To ascertain the effects of alcohol on various tissues and organs of the body, the study evaluated the plasma lipids and reductive enzymes in alcoholics in Aba Metropolis. \u0000Methodology: A total of one hundred and fifty subjects comprising hundred alcoholics and fifty age marched non-alcoholics were included in the study. Subjects with chronic diseases or other health issues and subjects with intake of drugs like thiazides, beta blockers and steroids were excluded from the study while those who were regular drinkers met the inclusion criteria for the test group. Both the test group and control group resided within Aba Metropoli. The alcoholic subjects were grouped into moderate and heavy drinkers based on the amount of alcohols consumed per week. Serum was obtained from blood collected from the subjects by venipuncture was used to determine lipid profile and the reductive enzymes. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS version 25) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance level for the analysis was set at P-value equal to or less than 0.05 (P=<0.05). \u0000Findings: There was a significant increase in the mean levels of TC, TG, LDL, GGT and LDH in heavy drinkers’ alcoholics when compared to those who consumed alcohol moderately and non-alcoholics (control). In moderate alcoholics, there was significant increase in HDL and decrease in LDL when compared with heavy alcoholics. However, the increase in the assayed parameters in alcoholics suggest that high alcoholic beverages may induce derangement in some biochemical parameters monitored. \u0000Recommendation: The study recommend that health awareness to be carried out to inform the public and vulnerable individuals on the risk of chronic alcohol consumption which may predispose them to various health problems.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84863064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stuart Turanzomwe, Jordan Amanyire, Mathias Tumwebaze
Purpose: Globally, about 40% of pregnant women have anemia. Pregnant women are at high risk of iron and folic acid deficiency anemia due to increased nutrient requirement during pregnancy. Iron/folic acid supplementation with optimal adherence is the main cost-effective strategy for prevention of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. However, there remains poor adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnancy in many countries especially low-income countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of adherence and the factors influencing adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Rubanda District, south Western-Uganda. Methodology: A multi-Health facility based observational and descriptive cross-sectional study was done. One hundred seventy two (172) pregnant mothers attending antenatal clinic in six selected health facilities in Rubanda District were enrolled in this study from December 2021 to March 2022. The interviewer administered questionnaire was used to study the participant characteristics and logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing adherence to iron and folic acid supplements. Findings: Majority of women were aged between 20-29 years (57.56%), married (94.77%) and unemployed (80.23%). More than half of the respondents (62.21%, 95% CI 54.89%-69.53%) had taken at least 80% of the prescribed iron and folic acid tablets. This reflected good adherence level. Factors independently influencing adherence included maternal age below 20 years (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.12-13.08, p-value 0.032), age between 20-29 years (aOR=4.86, 95%CI: 2.03-11.63, p value <0.001), adherence partner (aOR=2.82, 95%CI: 1.34-5.91, pvalue <0.001) and being counselled on importance of iron and folic acid tablets (aOR=4.42, 95%CI: 2.08-9.42, p-value <0.001). Recommendations: Intensive counselling during antenatal care about the importance of iron and folic acid supplements should be done on a daily basis with particular attention to women aged 30 years and above.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Adherence to Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Care in Rubanda District, South Western-Uganda","authors":"Stuart Turanzomwe, Jordan Amanyire, Mathias Tumwebaze","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1302","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Globally, about 40% of pregnant women have anemia. Pregnant women are at high risk of iron and folic acid deficiency anemia due to increased nutrient requirement during pregnancy. Iron/folic acid supplementation with optimal adherence is the main cost-effective strategy for prevention of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. However, there remains poor adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnancy in many countries especially low-income countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of adherence and the factors influencing adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Rubanda District, south Western-Uganda. \u0000Methodology: A multi-Health facility based observational and descriptive cross-sectional study was done. One hundred seventy two (172) pregnant mothers attending antenatal clinic in six selected health facilities in Rubanda District were enrolled in this study from December 2021 to March 2022. The interviewer administered questionnaire was used to study the participant characteristics and logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing adherence to iron and folic acid supplements. \u0000Findings: Majority of women were aged between 20-29 years (57.56%), married (94.77%) and unemployed (80.23%). More than half of the respondents (62.21%, 95% CI 54.89%-69.53%) had taken at least 80% of the prescribed iron and folic acid tablets. This reflected good adherence level. Factors independently influencing adherence included maternal age below 20 years (aOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.12-13.08, p-value 0.032), age between 20-29 years (aOR=4.86, 95%CI: 2.03-11.63, p value <0.001), adherence partner (aOR=2.82, 95%CI: 1.34-5.91, pvalue <0.001) and being counselled on importance of iron and folic acid tablets (aOR=4.42, 95%CI: 2.08-9.42, p-value <0.001). \u0000Recommendations: Intensive counselling during antenatal care about the importance of iron and folic acid supplements should be done on a daily basis with particular attention to women aged 30 years and above.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77473384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Maher, B. Zarif, A. Elgamal, Hatem Khairy, A. Magdy
Purpose: The regularly used contrast media in the angiography procedures and interventions are known to carry certain risks to the patient. This includes allergy, nephrotoxicity, and pulmonary edema. Additionally, radiation exposure is associated with high bone marrow depression, infertility, and other hazards. The purpose of the study was to compare the Dynamic Roadmap technology to the regular contrast used in coronary intervention regarding radiation exposure, fluoroscopy time, and incidence of Contrast Induced Nephropathy. Methodology: Observational prospective cohort with 2 arms where 40 patients were randomly divided into 2 arms a case and control groups. The case group had DRM technology used in their procedures where the control group received the standard contrast used in the National Heart Institute. Findings: Findings showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in age, sex, and risk profile including status of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking and history of Ischemic Heart Disease. There was no difference in echocardiographic findings of both groups. There was significant difference in creatinine level at the 5th day of intervention and volume of contrast used and fluoroscopy time. DRM reduced contrast volume, reduced radiation exposure despite not reducing fluoroscopy or procedure time. This resulted in reduction of elevation in serum creatinine levels with similar success rates. Recommendations: Using the least possible contrast volume and radiation doses should always be target of the operator. Dynamic roadmap technology is recommended in all coronary interventions specially those at high risk of CIN with CKD.
{"title":"Dynamic Coronary Roadmap for Contrast, and Radiation Time Reduction during Coronary Intervention (DRM-COR)","authors":"M. Maher, B. Zarif, A. Elgamal, Hatem Khairy, A. Magdy","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1298","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The regularly used contrast media in the angiography procedures and interventions are known to carry certain risks to the patient. This includes allergy, nephrotoxicity, and pulmonary edema. Additionally, radiation exposure is associated with high bone marrow depression, infertility, and other hazards. The purpose of the study was to compare the Dynamic Roadmap technology to the regular contrast used in coronary intervention regarding radiation exposure, fluoroscopy time, and incidence of Contrast Induced Nephropathy. \u0000Methodology: Observational prospective cohort with 2 arms where 40 patients were randomly divided into 2 arms a case and control groups. The case group had DRM technology used in their procedures where the control group received the standard contrast used in the National Heart Institute. \u0000Findings: Findings showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in age, sex, and risk profile including status of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking and history of Ischemic Heart Disease. There was no difference in echocardiographic findings of both groups. There was significant difference in creatinine level at the 5th day of intervention and volume of contrast used and fluoroscopy time. DRM reduced contrast volume, reduced radiation exposure despite not reducing fluoroscopy or procedure time. This resulted in reduction of elevation in serum creatinine levels with similar success rates. \u0000Recommendations: Using the least possible contrast volume and radiation doses should always be target of the operator. Dynamic roadmap technology is recommended in all coronary interventions specially those at high risk of CIN with CKD.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84002724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florence Nsuh Luti Mutsu, Aloysius Njong Mom, M. B. Atanga
Introduction: Pandemic related crisis has caused enormous negative impacts on health globally and thousands of people suffered from the current COVID-19 pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in the use of protective devices to mitigate the virus has become a challenge both physically and psychologically to nurses and this appears to be the main reason why contamination rate keeps increasing for nurses Purpose: This study was designed to examine nurses’ use of protective devices and challenges faced during healthcare delivery in COVID-19 unit. Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive survey and recruited nurses using the convenience sampling technique involved in the care of patients in the COVID-19 treatment unit, in Bamenda Municipality. The study was conducted from January 2022 to February 2022. Data was obtained using a self-administered structured questionnaire analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Findings: All the nurses admitted using at least one type of protective devices to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 during their clinical activities. The findings revealed that personal protective devices including medical masks (96.7%), gloves (78.8%), hand sanitizer (60.5%) and eye protection (48.9%). Challenges reported by the nurse’s included unavailability of hand sanitizer (64.4%), medical masks (60.0%), glove usability or donning (8.9%), eye protection acceptability (44.4%), gown inappropriateness (27.9%) respirator inadequacy (25.5%) and difficulties in doffing of apron (5.5%). Evidently it was concluded that nurses used protective devices during clinical activities in the COVID-19 centers although they indicated a range of challenges faced in using these devices. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study recommends continues compulsory training sessions be organized to enable nurses use personal protective equipment (PPE) correctly and without been limited.
{"title":"Analyzing Nurses Use of Protective Devices and Challenges Faced During Healthcare Delivery in COVID-19 Units in Bamenda Municipality, Cameroon","authors":"Florence Nsuh Luti Mutsu, Aloysius Njong Mom, M. B. Atanga","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1297","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pandemic related crisis has caused enormous negative impacts on health globally and thousands of people suffered from the current COVID-19 pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in the use of protective devices to mitigate the virus has become a challenge both physically and psychologically to nurses and this appears to be the main reason why contamination rate keeps increasing for nurses \u0000Purpose: This study was designed to examine nurses’ use of protective devices and challenges faced during healthcare delivery in COVID-19 unit. \u0000Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive survey and recruited nurses using the convenience sampling technique involved in the care of patients in the COVID-19 treatment unit, in Bamenda Municipality. The study was conducted from January 2022 to February 2022. Data was obtained using a self-administered structured questionnaire analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. \u0000Findings: All the nurses admitted using at least one type of protective devices to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 during their clinical activities. The findings revealed that personal protective devices including medical masks (96.7%), gloves (78.8%), hand sanitizer (60.5%) and eye protection (48.9%). Challenges reported by the nurse’s included unavailability of hand sanitizer (64.4%), medical masks (60.0%), glove usability or donning (8.9%), eye protection acceptability (44.4%), gown inappropriateness (27.9%) respirator inadequacy (25.5%) and difficulties in doffing of apron (5.5%). Evidently it was concluded that nurses used protective devices during clinical activities in the COVID-19 centers although they indicated a range of challenges faced in using these devices. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study recommends continues compulsory training sessions be organized to enable nurses use personal protective equipment (PPE) correctly and without been limited.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83489468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Asogwa, I. Chiojioke-Nwauche, E. I. Otuku, O. Ekwunife
Purpose: The study reviewed the use of rational and quality antibiotics at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. Three objectives and three research questions were drafted for the study, respectively. Methodology: The study used a retrospective descriptive survey that lasted four months. The study relied on secondary data, which was gathered from the folders of 583 patients. From January 1, 2019 to April 30, 2019, all patients with complete information admitted to medical, surgical, and paediatric wards, as well as obstetrics and gynaecology wards, had their folders reviewed. A self-developed checklist was used to assess critical aspects of antibiotic utilisation and the use of generic names in antibiotic prescribing, a self-developed checklist was used. The data collected were collated, coded and analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, charts, and tables. Findings: The findings showed that out of the total folders (n=583) reviewed, the socio-demographic information showed that majority of the patients (42.2%) who received prescribed antibiotics were adult female. On the age category, out of the total folders (n=583) reviewed, majority of the folders (114) showed that those within the ages of 21-30 years represents over 19.0%. The antibiotics prescribed from the four (4) different departments showed that 26.7% of antibiotics were prescribed and utilized in medical wards. The level of compliance with some standard practices, shows that pneumonia test conducted, was highest in surgery ward, this represents 82.8%, the sensitivity test conducted, was highest in paediatric ward (46.4%). Out of the total antibiotics prescribed (n=1164), generic names were used for 59.6% cases, while 73.2% of the antibiotic prescribed were in the EDL authorised list. The results revealed that cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed class of antibiotics, 384 (34%) followed by the nitroimidazoles 346 (29.7%) and penicillin’s 138 (11.9%). Inappropriate antibiotic prescription was found to be 58.7% among the total prescribed antibiotics (n=1164). Based on the results and findings in the study, it is safe to conclude that the majority of antibiotics utilised were over prescribed, with high inappropriate use. The lack of generic use in antibiotic prescriptions and the overuse of antibiotics remain a problem in tertiary hospitals across Nigeria. Recommendation: This study recommend that prescriptions should be prescribed with slips duly signed by a doctor and approved by a pharmacist before the administration of such drugs. Also, all public hospitals in Nigeria should develop local treatment guidelines using national and international policy guidelines for local infectious disease.
{"title":"A Review of the use of Rational and Quality Antibiotics in a Nigerian Tertiary Institution","authors":"I. Asogwa, I. Chiojioke-Nwauche, E. I. Otuku, O. Ekwunife","doi":"10.47672/ajhmn.1282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1282","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study reviewed the use of rational and quality antibiotics at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. Three objectives and three research questions were drafted for the study, respectively. \u0000Methodology: The study used a retrospective descriptive survey that lasted four months. The study relied on secondary data, which was gathered from the folders of 583 patients. From January 1, 2019 to April 30, 2019, all patients with complete information admitted to medical, surgical, and paediatric wards, as well as obstetrics and gynaecology wards, had their folders reviewed. A self-developed checklist was used to assess critical aspects of antibiotic utilisation and the use of generic names in antibiotic prescribing, a self-developed checklist was used. The data collected were collated, coded and analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, charts, and tables. \u0000Findings: The findings showed that out of the total folders (n=583) reviewed, the socio-demographic information showed that majority of the patients (42.2%) who received prescribed antibiotics were adult female. On the age category, out of the total folders (n=583) reviewed, majority of the folders (114) showed that those within the ages of 21-30 years represents over 19.0%. The antibiotics prescribed from the four (4) different departments showed that 26.7% of antibiotics were prescribed and utilized in medical wards. The level of compliance with some standard practices, shows that pneumonia test conducted, was highest in surgery ward, this represents 82.8%, the sensitivity test conducted, was highest in paediatric ward (46.4%). Out of the total antibiotics prescribed (n=1164), generic names were used for 59.6% cases, while 73.2% of the antibiotic prescribed were in the EDL authorised list. The results revealed that cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed class of antibiotics, 384 (34%) followed by the nitroimidazoles 346 (29.7%) and penicillin’s 138 (11.9%). Inappropriate antibiotic prescription was found to be 58.7% among the total prescribed antibiotics (n=1164). Based on the results and findings in the study, it is safe to conclude that the majority of antibiotics utilised were over prescribed, with high inappropriate use. The lack of generic use in antibiotic prescriptions and the overuse of antibiotics remain a problem in tertiary hospitals across Nigeria. \u0000Recommendation: This study recommend that prescriptions should be prescribed with slips duly signed by a doctor and approved by a pharmacist before the administration of such drugs. Also, all public hospitals in Nigeria should develop local treatment guidelines using national and international policy guidelines for local infectious disease.","PeriodicalId":7672,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79936765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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