Objectives: This report presents bone measurement data from total body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans for 28,454 persons aged 8 years and over who participated in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sample consisted of 22,667 respondents with valid data, and 5,787 with missing data that were successfully multiply imputed (i.e., not highly variable). Bone area, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density (BMD) are presented for the total body, the total body minus the head (e.g., subtotal), and 10 subregions of the body.
Methods: Means, standard deviations, and selected percentiles were calculated for the total body, total body minus head (subtotal), and 10 body subregions by sex, race and ethnicity, and age. Smoothed mean total body BMD was plotted by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Multiple regression was used to evaluate differences in mean total body BMD by age, sex, and race and ethnicity.
Results: After adjusting for race and ethnicity, total body BMD among those under age 20 was significantly higher in respondents aged 12-19 than in those aged 8-11 in both sexes. Among adults of both sexes, total body BMD in persons aged 20-49 was significantly higher than in those aged 50-79, and significantly lower in persons aged 80 and over than in those aged 50-79, after adjusting for race and ethnicity. After adjusting for age, total body BMD was significantly higher in non-Hispanic black persons than in non-Hispanic white persons, regardless of age or sex. However, the pattern differed by age when Mexican-American persons were compared with non-Hispanic white persons: Age-adjusted total body BMD was significantly lower among Mexican-American males aged 8-19, was similar in Mexican-American females aged 8-19, and was significantly lower in Mexican-American men and women aged 20 and over.
Objective-This report presents national anthropometric reference data for all ages of the U.S. population in 2007-2010, adding to results published previously from the years 1960-2006. Methods-Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a complex, stratified, and multistage probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Anthropometry measurements were obtained from 20,015 survey participants. The anthropometric measures included weight, height, recumbent length, circumferences, limb lengths, and skinfold thickness measurements. Results-The tables in this report include weighted population means, standard errors of the means, and selected percentiles of body measurement values. Because measurements varied by sex and age (as well as race and ethnicity in adults), results are reported by these subgroups. Conclusions-These latest NHANES data add to the knowledge about trends in child growth and development and trends in the distribution of body measurements, such as weight and height, in the U.S. population.
Objective: This report presents bone measurement data from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur for persons aged 8 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008.
Methods: Means, standard deviations, and selected percentiles were calculated for the proximal femur and lumbar spine (total and subregions) by sex, race and ethnicity, and age. Smoothed mean total lumbar spine and femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) were plotted by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Multiple regression was used to test for significant interactions and to calculate mean total lumbar spine and femur neck BMD after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Differences by sex, race and ethnicity, and age were summarized by calculating the percent difference in adjusted means.
Results: Among scanned individuals, 11% lacked total lumbar spine data due to invalid data for one or more lumbar vertebrae, and 4% had invalid data for the proximal femur. Non-Hispanic black persons had 6% higher total lumbar spine BMD and 9%-10% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD and femur neck BMD did not differ between Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white persons in those under age 20. For those aged 20 and over, Mexican-American persons had 4% lower total lumbar spine BMD but 1% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD was 8%-17% higher in females aged 8-15 compared with males of the same age. In the age group 16-49, mean total lumbar spine BMD was similar or slightly higher for females compared with males, but after age 50 it was 60%-15% lower for females compared with males. Mean femur neck BMD was 5%-13% lower for females than males in all age groups except 12-15.
Objectives: This report presents body composition data from whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans for persons 8 years of age and older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. Valid total body measurements were obtained on 16,973 individuals. Through the use of multiple imputation, a useable sample of 22,010 individuals was achieved for analysis. Measures for the total body and regions of the body include total mass, fat mass, percentage fat, lean soft tissue (excluding bone mineral content), and fat-free mass (including bone mineral content).
Methods: Means, standard errors, and selected percentiles were calculated for the total body and for regions of the body by sex, race and ethnic, and age population subgroups. Standard errors of the mean were estimated by Taylor Series Linearization, which incorporates sample weights and accounts for the NHANES complex sample design.
Results: Females had higher percentage body fat and fat mass than males. After age 11 years, males had higher lean tissue and fat-free mass than females. Percentage body fat was lowest at ages 16-19 years among males and at ages 8-15 years among females. Among males, non-Hispanic white persons had greater fat mass than either Mexican American or non-Hispanic blacks. Among females, non-Hispanic black persons had greater fat mass than either Mexican American or non-Hispanic whites. Mexican-American males and females had less lean soft tissue than either non-Hispanic white or non-Hispanic black males and females. Among both males and females, lean soft tissue and fat-free mass were lowest at ages 8-11 years.
Objective: This report presents national anthropometric reference data for the U.S. population aged 3 months and older in 1988-1994.
Methods: Data in this report are from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), which was conducted on a complex, stratified, multistage probability sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. A total of 31,241 persons were examined. The anthropometric measurements taken included weight, height, recumbent length, circumferences, limb lengths, joint breadths, and skinfold thicknesses. Body mass index values were computed from measured height and weight values.
Results: The tables in this report include weighted population means, standard errors of the means, and selected percentiles of body measurement values. Because measurements varied by sex and age (and by race and ethnicity in adults), results are reported by these subgroups.
Conclusions: These data add to the knowledge about trends in child growth and development and are useful in monitoring overweight and obesity in the U.S. population.
Objective: This report presents national estimates and trends for a variety of oral health status measures for persons aged 2 years and older by sociodemographic and smoking status since the late 1980s in the United States.
Methods: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 and from the NHANES 1999-2004 were used. These data sources were designed to provide information on the health and nutritional status of the civilian noninstitutionalized population in the United States. Information from oral health examination methods common to both survey periods were used to present prevalence estimates and for trend analyses. Statistical significance of differences between common estimates from each survey period was evaluated using two-sided t-tests.
Results: This report provides mean, percentile values, and standard errors for dental caries, dental sealants, incisal trauma, periodontal health, dental visits, perception of oral health status, tooth retention, and edentulism. Additional estimates for monitoring progress toward the Healthy People 2010 oral health objectives using NHANES source data are presented as well.
Conclusions: For most Americans, oral health status has improved between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. For seniors, edentulism and periodontitis has declined; for adults, improvements were seen in dental caries prevalence, tooth retention, and periodontal health; for adolescents and youths, dental sealant prevalence has increased and dental caries have decreased; however, for youths aged 2-5 years, dental caries in primary teeth has increased.
Objectives: This report presents national estimates of hematologic and iron-related analytes for persons 1 year of age and over, by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
Methods: The analysis is based on data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988-94), which was designed to provide information on the health and nutritional status of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. The sample used for these analyses included the 26,372 participants who had laboratory tests.
Results: This report provides mean, standard error of the mean, median, and percentile laboratory values for the U.S. population, 1988-94, for hematological and iron-related analytes. In addition, percentage distributions are provided.
Conclusions: Data on hematological and iron analytes provide reference values for clinical and longitudinal comparisons.
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