Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1017/amj.2023.24
Regina Ponder
{"title":"A Protected Class, An Unprotected Condition, and A Biomarker - A Method/Formula for Increased Diversity in Clinical Trials for the African American Subject with Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (BEN) - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Regina Ponder","doi":"10.1017/amj.2023.24","DOIUrl":"10.1017/amj.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10208393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1017/amj.2024.4
Allison Herr
The United States Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization made it drastically harder for women to access abortions. The Dobbs decision has had a disproportionate impact on women who are incarcerated or on some form of community supervision such as probation or parole. This Note analyzes a potential right to an abortion for women involved in the criminal justice system, even those living in states that have banned or deeply restricted abortion access after the Dobbs decision. In doing so, this Note looks for different constitutional avenues to protect incarcerated women's right to an abortion, including under the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
{"title":"Abortion Access for Women in Custody in the Wake of <i>Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health</i>.","authors":"Allison Herr","doi":"10.1017/amj.2024.4","DOIUrl":"10.1017/amj.2024.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization made it drastically harder for women to access abortions. The Dobbs decision has had a disproportionate impact on women who are incarcerated or on some form of community supervision such as probation or parole. This Note analyzes a potential right to an abortion for women involved in the criminal justice system, even those living in states that have banned or deeply restricted abortion access after the Dobbs decision. In doing so, this Note looks for different constitutional avenues to protect incarcerated women's right to an abortion, including under the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":"49 4","pages":"471-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140334386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1017/amj.2024.1
Miriam F Weismann
Pre-pandemic, employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) covered 175 million workers and their dependents, the equivalent of 49% of the country's total population. ESI, a valuable tax preference to employer and employee alike, spurred worker job dependence on employers resulting in access to healthcare dependent upon continued employment. With the advent of the pandemic and the dramatic increase in unemployment, the number of uninsured increased by more than 2.7 million people. Then, unemployment proliferated further by an unprecedented exit from the workforce dubbed the "Great Resignation." Over 47 million Americans voluntarily quit their jobs in a movement characterized as a general labor strike. The pandemic opened the floodgates to workers' concerns about COVID safety in the workplace, wage stagnation despite increases in the cost of living, enduring job dissatisfaction, and increased demand for a remote-working environment. Data shows that the unemployed shifted to the Affordable Care Act marketplace or to the public payer option, Medicaid, for coverage. This shift signals a change, post-pandemic, away from the destabilizing system of access to care based on employment and unwanted job dependence and provides a policy argument favoring the more stabilizing influence of public insurance options in the health insurance market.
{"title":"How The \"Great Resignation\" and COVID Unemployment Have Eroded the Employer Sponsored Insurance Model and Access to Healthcare.","authors":"Miriam F Weismann","doi":"10.1017/amj.2024.1","DOIUrl":"10.1017/amj.2024.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-pandemic, employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) covered 175 million workers and their dependents, the equivalent of 49% of the country's total population. ESI, a valuable tax preference to employer and employee alike, spurred worker job dependence on employers resulting in access to healthcare dependent upon continued employment. With the advent of the pandemic and the dramatic increase in unemployment, the number of uninsured increased by more than 2.7 million people. Then, unemployment proliferated further by an unprecedented exit from the workforce dubbed the \"Great Resignation.\" Over 47 million Americans voluntarily quit their jobs in a movement characterized as a general labor strike. The pandemic opened the floodgates to workers' concerns about COVID safety in the workplace, wage stagnation despite increases in the cost of living, enduring job dissatisfaction, and increased demand for a remote-working environment. Data shows that the unemployed shifted to the Affordable Care Act marketplace or to the public payer option, Medicaid, for coverage. This shift signals a change, post-pandemic, away from the destabilizing system of access to care based on employment and unwanted job dependence and provides a policy argument favoring the more stabilizing influence of public insurance options in the health insurance market.</p>","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":"49 4","pages":"415-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140334387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1017/amj.2024.10
Michael L Perlin, Talia Roitberg Harmon, Maren Geiger
{"title":"\"The Timeless Explosion of Fantasy's Dream\": How State Courts Have Ignored the Supreme Court's Decision in <i>Panetti v. Quarterman</i> - ERRATUM.","authors":"Michael L Perlin, Talia Roitberg Harmon, Maren Geiger","doi":"10.1017/amj.2024.10","DOIUrl":"10.1017/amj.2024.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140048495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1017/amj.2024.2
Justine L Newman
While physician-assisted suicide legislation is being drafted and passed across the United States, a gray-area continues to exist in regard to the legality of a lay person's assistance with suicide. Several high-profile cases have been covered in the media, namely that of Michelle Carter in Massachusetts and William Melchert-Dinkel in Minnesota, but there is also a growing volume of anonymous pro-suicide materials online. Pro-suicide groups fly under the radar and claim to help those desiring to take their own lives. This paper aims to identify the point at which an individual or group can be held civilly or criminally liable for assisting suicide and discusses how the First Amendment can be used to shield authors from such liability.
{"title":"Speech and Suicide-The Line of Legality.","authors":"Justine L Newman","doi":"10.1017/amj.2024.2","DOIUrl":"10.1017/amj.2024.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While physician-assisted suicide legislation is being drafted and passed across the United States, a gray-area continues to exist in regard to the legality of a lay person's assistance with suicide. Several high-profile cases have been covered in the media, namely that of Michelle Carter in Massachusetts and William Melchert-Dinkel in Minnesota, but there is also a growing volume of anonymous pro-suicide materials online. Pro-suicide groups fly under the radar and claim to help those desiring to take their own lives. This paper aims to identify the point at which an individual or group can be held civilly or criminally liable for assisting suicide and discusses how the First Amendment can be used to shield authors from such liability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":"49 4","pages":"436-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140334389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1017/amj.2024.9
Kristin Telford, Lauren B Solberg
{"title":"Mental Health Matters: A Look At Abortion Law Post-Dobbs - ERRATUM.","authors":"Kristin Telford, Lauren B Solberg","doi":"10.1017/amj.2024.9","DOIUrl":"10.1017/amj.2024.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Taxes are responsibilities of a company to comply with the goals of sustainable development. Corporate Code of Conduct must exercise tax compliance and avoid tax evasion as source of criminal liability. This paper aims to develop tax avoidance based on statutory interpretation concerning Hague Convention as its extrinsic material to extend the legal principle of travaux preparatoires. Hence, UNCITRAL legal modelling framework is utilized to make commercial transactions universal to trade law, for addressing legal gaps in marketing behavior of taxation system involving intellectual property of product design. Thus, this statutory interpretation intends to resolve issues for the lack of legal measures in protecting public safety resulting to increase in domestic violence proportional to massive terrorism serving as a question in deontology.
Methodology: Tax aggressiveness is the obligation of the company to provide revenue distribution to public sector. Unlawful behavior on tax aggressiveness is known as tax evasion while tax avoidance is not a violation and serves as a loophole to the taxation system. UNCITRAL model law is a legal arbitration concept of making “commercial” expand to other comparable jurisdiction of international trade. Hague Convention drafted travaux preparatoires to conceptualize a legal framework of making the commercial transactions universal to other extended territories in terms of international trade law.
Findings: Corporate Governance is a systematic design of stakeholders and their corporate social responsibility to advocate sustainable development. Therefore, in terms of tax avoidance, the strict liability of the company must be addressed with constitutional issues and commercial responsibilities of selling its product design with elemental performance of domestic violence under Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) of United Nations Convention. The statutory interpretation for tax avoidance serves as a developed measurement to allocate funds, from sources of criminal actions, since deviation of tax avoidance would result to illegal diversions as criminal offenses from tax avoidance, for promotion of public welfare and safety in public sector, as well as in police enforcement of constitutional right.
Recommendation: Corporate social responsibility must be observed as fulfillment of business ethics’ goals of financial intelligence to sustainable development of Corporate Governance. Thus, it is suggested for advocacy of artificial intelligence adoption as authorless works for promoting intellectual property as a constitutional right.
{"title":"The Statutory Development for Criminal Responsibility based on International Trade Law of Aggressive Tax under Travaux Preparatoires: A Case Report of Joe Cinque","authors":"Zharama Llarena","doi":"10.47672/ajl.1626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajl.1626","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Taxes are responsibilities of a company to comply with the goals of sustainable development. Corporate Code of Conduct must exercise tax compliance and avoid tax evasion as source of criminal liability. This paper aims to develop tax avoidance based on statutory interpretation concerning Hague Convention as its extrinsic material to extend the legal principle of travaux preparatoires. Hence, UNCITRAL legal modelling framework is utilized to make commercial transactions universal to trade law, for addressing legal gaps in marketing behavior of taxation system involving intellectual property of product design. Thus, this statutory interpretation intends to resolve issues for the lack of legal measures in protecting public safety resulting to increase in domestic violence proportional to massive terrorism serving as a question in deontology.
 Methodology: Tax aggressiveness is the obligation of the company to provide revenue distribution to public sector. Unlawful behavior on tax aggressiveness is known as tax evasion while tax avoidance is not a violation and serves as a loophole to the taxation system. UNCITRAL model law is a legal arbitration concept of making “commercial” expand to other comparable jurisdiction of international trade. Hague Convention drafted travaux preparatoires to conceptualize a legal framework of making the commercial transactions universal to other extended territories in terms of international trade law.
 Findings: Corporate Governance is a systematic design of stakeholders and their corporate social responsibility to advocate sustainable development. Therefore, in terms of tax avoidance, the strict liability of the company must be addressed with constitutional issues and commercial responsibilities of selling its product design with elemental performance of domestic violence under Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) of United Nations Convention. The statutory interpretation for tax avoidance serves as a developed measurement to allocate funds, from sources of criminal actions, since deviation of tax avoidance would result to illegal diversions as criminal offenses from tax avoidance, for promotion of public welfare and safety in public sector, as well as in police enforcement of constitutional right.
 Recommendation: Corporate social responsibility must be observed as fulfillment of business ethics’ goals of financial intelligence to sustainable development of Corporate Governance. Thus, it is suggested for advocacy of artificial intelligence adoption as authorless works for promoting intellectual property as a constitutional right.","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":"C-34 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Pharmacoeconomics is a pharmacy discipline designed to tackle issues on clinical, ethical, and safety factors leading to advocacy of healthcare corporate governance in fulfillment of the pillars of sustainable development. Thus, it is necessary to discuss illegal diversions of Intellectual Property of drug patents as these legal problems serve as impediments to Pharmacoeconomics. This paper aims to elucidate the advantages of Off-label medicines in favor of clinical, ethical, and safety aspects of Pharmacoeconomics towards patient safety and treatment for welfare.
Methodologies: Quantitative measurement is crucial for validation of drug quality products. It is used for comparison of both legal and illegal diversions of healthcare corporate governance. Patent Law and its policy options are tools to measure the violations of the perpetrator under Intellectual Property Law. Meanwhile, the British National Formulary follows the Human Medicines of 2012 and communicate with FDA for the implementation of off-label medicines as policy for clinical practice under legal removal of patent protection for medical research and practice. This study follows a diagnostic design as a research method based on ethical, regulatory, and legal presentations to characterize problems involved in drug management system towards efficiency of evidence-based medicine practice utilizing theories, models, and frameworks towards financial intelligence.
Findings: The elucidation of Kano Model Framework exhibits the aberration and compliance of patent drugs towards compliance of healthcare corporate governance. Based on exhibition of intellectual property law, it can be extended to fulfill the goals of sustainable development of monetary success and hence, the human society can be reflected as their success to their financial intelligence as their inventorship is declared as non-obviousness to public welfare and safety. Moreover, the moral standard of ethical decision-making illustrated the importance of opting to off-label medicines emphasizing cost-efficiency goals of Pharmacoeconomics in drug therapy. Hence, the Shariah Jurisprudence Method for Pharmacoeconomics is the modelling of Clinical Pharmacy Practice towards Healthcare Corporate Governance in fulfillment of business ethics as public welfare and safety of human society.
Recommendation: Kano Model Framework is an integrated tool of measuring the success of healthcare corporate governance. With the elucidation aids of modelling the importance of Pharmacoeconomics, it is recommended to develop ways of making artificial intelligence as a sole success, profit, benefit, and contribution to clinical pharmacy practice, starting from its drug development up to its intended purpose of human drug treatment in healthcare setting, in relation to its accompanied FDA regulating bodies, as British National Formulary team compliance of maintaining the crucial functions of observing and monitoring document for
{"title":"A Critic on Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Issues of Off-Label Medicines Shepardizing Intellectual Property Law towards Pharmacoeconomics: A Discussion of Pfizer’s Norvasc Patent Case","authors":"Zharama M. Llarena","doi":"10.47672/ajl.1619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajl.1619","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Pharmacoeconomics is a pharmacy discipline designed to tackle issues on clinical, ethical, and safety factors leading to advocacy of healthcare corporate governance in fulfillment of the pillars of sustainable development. Thus, it is necessary to discuss illegal diversions of Intellectual Property of drug patents as these legal problems serve as impediments to Pharmacoeconomics. This paper aims to elucidate the advantages of Off-label medicines in favor of clinical, ethical, and safety aspects of Pharmacoeconomics towards patient safety and treatment for welfare.
 Methodologies: Quantitative measurement is crucial for validation of drug quality products. It is used for comparison of both legal and illegal diversions of healthcare corporate governance. Patent Law and its policy options are tools to measure the violations of the perpetrator under Intellectual Property Law. Meanwhile, the British National Formulary follows the Human Medicines of 2012 and communicate with FDA for the implementation of off-label medicines as policy for clinical practice under legal removal of patent protection for medical research and practice. This study follows a diagnostic design as a research method based on ethical, regulatory, and legal presentations to characterize problems involved in drug management system towards efficiency of evidence-based medicine practice utilizing theories, models, and frameworks towards financial intelligence. 
 Findings: The elucidation of Kano Model Framework exhibits the aberration and compliance of patent drugs towards compliance of healthcare corporate governance. Based on exhibition of intellectual property law, it can be extended to fulfill the goals of sustainable development of monetary success and hence, the human society can be reflected as their success to their financial intelligence as their inventorship is declared as non-obviousness to public welfare and safety. Moreover, the moral standard of ethical decision-making illustrated the importance of opting to off-label medicines emphasizing cost-efficiency goals of Pharmacoeconomics in drug therapy. Hence, the Shariah Jurisprudence Method for Pharmacoeconomics is the modelling of Clinical Pharmacy Practice towards Healthcare Corporate Governance in fulfillment of business ethics as public welfare and safety of human society.
 Recommendation: Kano Model Framework is an integrated tool of measuring the success of healthcare corporate governance. With the elucidation aids of modelling the importance of Pharmacoeconomics, it is recommended to develop ways of making artificial intelligence as a sole success, profit, benefit, and contribution to clinical pharmacy practice, starting from its drug development up to its intended purpose of human drug treatment in healthcare setting, in relation to its accompanied FDA regulating bodies, as British National Formulary team compliance of maintaining the crucial functions of observing and monitoring document for","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Cardiovasc is the patented product name of Amlodipine besylate. Its intended design is aimed for vasodilatory action primarily used in treating stable and variant angina, and hypertension. This study aims to validate the linearity of absorbance of the reference standard with Cardiovasc drug concentration. Moreover, the drug concentration elucidation from the samples aims to quantitate the correlation of the marketed patented drug for commercial use as possible source of environmental pollutants known as greenhouse gases.
Methodology: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is used to measure the absorbance of the drug samples, Amlodipine besylate reference standard and Cardiovasc, for validation of linearity with drug concentration using the electron excitement from HOMO to LUMO of anti-bonding energy levels for catalytic analysis of drug concentration. Interaction with uncertainties, risks, and capabilities is a tool for decision making of health effects and economic impacts to sustainable development.
Findings: The results from Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy shows that minimal drug concentration exposed as discharge to the environment will not exhibit any linear correlation as significant contributor of environmental pollutants. The commercial drug, Cardiovasc, follows the second range of Amlodipine besylate reference standard, hence, Cardiovasc effluents play a critical role to the quality design of marketed drug in terms of medical research methods as this procedure is done as exclusion to the acquired drug patentability intended to exercise their healthcare corporate governance as fulfillment of monetary goals in business ethics of sustainable development.
Recommendations: This legal validation highlights the significance of linear correlation of patented drug to environmental effects as social responsibility of corporate healthcare governance. Hence, the International Trade Law enables the marketed drug product to perform its intended action as well as to advocate sustainable development goals as “commercial” in nature. As the European Patent Commission clearly states that medical research methods are excluded from the patentability coverage of drug product, this paper strongly recommends innovation of tools, engineering on eradicating greenhouse gases as sources of environmental pollutants that play a crucial factor to climate change.
{"title":"Legal Issues of Cardiovasc as Quality Drug Patented Product Based on Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Spectrophotometric Validation for Healthcare Corporate Governance","authors":"Zharama Llarena","doi":"10.47672/ajl.1609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajl.1609","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Cardiovasc is the patented product name of Amlodipine besylate. Its intended design is aimed for vasodilatory action primarily used in treating stable and variant angina, and hypertension. This study aims to validate the linearity of absorbance of the reference standard with Cardiovasc drug concentration. Moreover, the drug concentration elucidation from the samples aims to quantitate the correlation of the marketed patented drug for commercial use as possible source of environmental pollutants known as greenhouse gases. 
 Methodology: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is used to measure the absorbance of the drug samples, Amlodipine besylate reference standard and Cardiovasc, for validation of linearity with drug concentration using the electron excitement from HOMO to LUMO of anti-bonding energy levels for catalytic analysis of drug concentration. Interaction with uncertainties, risks, and capabilities is a tool for decision making of health effects and economic impacts to sustainable development.
 Findings: The results from Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy shows that minimal drug concentration exposed as discharge to the environment will not exhibit any linear correlation as significant contributor of environmental pollutants. The commercial drug, Cardiovasc, follows the second range of Amlodipine besylate reference standard, hence, Cardiovasc effluents play a critical role to the quality design of marketed drug in terms of medical research methods as this procedure is done as exclusion to the acquired drug patentability intended to exercise their healthcare corporate governance as fulfillment of monetary goals in business ethics of sustainable development.
 Recommendations: This legal validation highlights the significance of linear correlation of patented drug to environmental effects as social responsibility of corporate healthcare governance. Hence, the International Trade Law enables the marketed drug product to perform its intended action as well as to advocate sustainable development goals as “commercial” in nature. As the European Patent Commission clearly states that medical research methods are excluded from the patentability coverage of drug product, this paper strongly recommends innovation of tools, engineering on eradicating greenhouse gases as sources of environmental pollutants that play a crucial factor to climate change.","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Comparative law is designed for alignment of constitutional law with other countries advocating public welfare and safety. The United States has an Intellectual Property provision under U.S. Fair Clause using their constitution as pre-emptive doctrine. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of UK Intellectual Property Law based on their complexed policies on Artificial Intelligence. Hence, it leads to problem statements questioning: (1) the eligibility of matters of facts did not meet UK IP Law; (2) the standard for evidence towards invention using Artificial Intelligence does not conform with UK IP Law; (3) Liability in AI patent infringement is not subsistent in UK IP Law; and (4) AI’s compliance is not subject for responsibility under creativity and non-obviousness criteria. Methodology: The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement promotes the public welfare and safety under constitutional laws. India, as a member, is obliged to comply with the standard of evidence in patentability under World Trade Organization (WTO). The study employs comparative contextual assessment using Novartis’ case as trial proceedings for disclosing theoretical framework vital to socio-legal integration of WTO principles. Findings: The World Trade Organization is a committee responsible to advocate business law. Invention for marketability of patent product has its own complexed policy to comply for acceptance of an Intellectual Property creation. Constitutional law is designed to be made comparable with other countries promoting monetary success of their nation exhibiting economic progress in industrial and technological advancements. Hence, authorless works marking artificial intelligence towards public health and safety must be done in lack of any dedication to human connections resulting to immersion of their “new” product as a work of an art making non-obviousness skills to people as part of common logic and interests, hence, a product of convenience. Recommendations: WTO is an intergovernmental task force important to implement constitutional laws comparable to other countries resulting to theory integration of socio-legal aspects based on trade-related principles. Hence, the advocacy of business ethics is a highly acknowledged means of making the lives of people to be technologically advanced with convenience, thus, inventions should be made affordable for public access.
{"title":"Shepard’s Validation of Antitrust Relief Framework on Patent Infringement of Novartis’ Cancer Drug Using Genomic Architectures of Legal Literature Based on UK Intellectual Property Law","authors":"Z. Llarena","doi":"10.47672/ajl.1566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ajl.1566","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Comparative law is designed for alignment of constitutional law with other countries advocating public welfare and safety. The United States has an Intellectual Property provision under U.S. Fair Clause using their constitution as pre-emptive doctrine. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of UK Intellectual Property Law based on their complexed policies on Artificial Intelligence. Hence, it leads to problem statements questioning: (1) the eligibility of matters of facts did not meet UK IP Law; (2) the standard for evidence towards invention using Artificial Intelligence does not conform with UK IP Law; (3) Liability in AI patent infringement is not subsistent in UK IP Law; and (4) AI’s compliance is not subject for responsibility under creativity and non-obviousness criteria. \u0000Methodology: The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement promotes the public welfare and safety under constitutional laws. India, as a member, is obliged to comply with the standard of evidence in patentability under World Trade Organization (WTO). The study employs comparative contextual assessment using Novartis’ case as trial proceedings for disclosing theoretical framework vital to socio-legal integration of WTO principles. \u0000Findings: The World Trade Organization is a committee responsible to advocate business law. Invention for marketability of patent product has its own complexed policy to comply for acceptance of an Intellectual Property creation. Constitutional law is designed to be made comparable with other countries promoting monetary success of their nation exhibiting economic progress in industrial and technological advancements. Hence, authorless works marking artificial intelligence towards public health and safety must be done in lack of any dedication to human connections resulting to immersion of their “new” product as a work of an art making non-obviousness skills to people as part of common logic and interests, hence, a product of convenience. \u0000Recommendations: WTO is an intergovernmental task force important to implement constitutional laws comparable to other countries resulting to theory integration of socio-legal aspects based on trade-related principles. Hence, the advocacy of business ethics is a highly acknowledged means of making the lives of people to be technologically advanced with convenience, thus, inventions should be made affordable for public access.","PeriodicalId":7680,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87397095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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