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The challenges of implementing antibiotic stewardship in diverse poultry value chains in Kenya 在肯尼亚各种家禽价值链中实施抗生素管理的挑战
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10518-3
Alex Hughes, Emma Roe, Elvis Wambiya, James A Brown, Alister Munthali, Abdhalah Ziraba

This paper investigates the challenges of implementing antibiotic stewardship – reducing and optimizing the use of antibiotics – in agricultural settings of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) as a strategic part of addressing the global problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It does so through analysis of the rapidly transforming yet diverse Kenyan poultry sector, characterized by growing commercial operations alongside traditional smallholder farming. Our research involves interviews with farmers, processors, policymakers, and agro-veterinary stores in these settings. We blend Chandler’s (2019, p. 8) notion of “antibiotics as infrastructure” with value chain frameworks to understand how the structural role of antibiotics in agriculture plays out through contrasting value chains, with different implications for stewardship. Weak regulation and intense market-based pressures are shown to drive widespread antibiotic use in poultry value chains involving small- and medium-sized farms supplying open markets. Antibiotic stewardship through adherence to agricultural and food safety standards is more evident, though unevenly observed, in value chains involving large commercial farms and processors supplying corporate buyers. Our findings reveal the complex structural roles of antibiotics in maintaining producer livelihoods in an intensely competitive and heterogeneous Kenyan poultry sector. This highlights challenges with applying global AMR policy to transforming food systems in LMICs without appropriate translation. We argue that attempts to reduce and optimize the use of antibiotics in agriculture must be informed by nuanced understandings of the roles of antibiotics in food systems in specific places including where very different scales and models of farming and value chain co-exist.

本文探讨了在中低收入国家(LMICs)的农业环境中实施抗生素管理(减少和优化抗生素的使用)所面临的挑战,这是解决全球抗菌药耐药性(AMR)问题的战略组成部分。本研究通过对快速转型但又多样化的肯尼亚家禽业进行分析,该行业的特点是在传统小农养殖业的同时,商业经营也在不断增长。我们的研究涉及对这些环境中的养殖户、加工商、政策制定者和农兽医商店进行访谈。我们将钱德勒(Chandler,2019 年,第 8 页)的 "作为基础设施的抗生素 "概念与价值链框架相结合,以了解抗生素在农业中的结构性作用如何通过不同的价值链发挥出来,并对管理产生不同的影响。研究表明,监管不力和巨大的市场压力推动了家禽价值链中抗生素的广泛使用,这些价值链涉及供应开放市场的中小型农场。在涉及供应企业买家的大型商业农场和加工商的价值链中,通过遵守农业和食品安全标准来管理抗生素的做法更为明显,尽管观察结果并不均衡。我们的研究结果揭示了抗生素在竞争激烈、种类繁多的肯尼亚家禽业中维持生产者生计的复杂结构作用。这凸显了在没有适当转化的情况下,将全球 AMR 政策应用于低收入和中等收入国家食品系统转型所面临的挑战。我们认为,要减少和优化抗生素在农业中的使用,就必须对抗生素在特定地区食品系统中的作用有细致入微的了解,包括在不同规模和模式的农业和价值链共存的地区。
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引用次数: 0
What is culturally appropriate food consumption? A systematic literature review exploring six conceptual themes and their implications for sustainable food system transformation 什么是符合文化习俗的食品消费?系统性文献综述,探讨六个概念主题及其对可持续粮食系统转型的影响
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10515-6
Jonas House, Anke Brons, Sigrid Wertheim-Heck, Hilje van der Horst

There is increasing recognition that sustainable diets need to be ‘culturally appropriate’. In relation to food consumption, however, it is often unclear what cultural appropriateness–or related terms, such as cultural or social acceptability–actually means. Often these terms go undefined, and where definitions are present, they vary widely. Based on a systematic literature review this paper explores how cultural appropriateness of food consumption is conceptualised across different research literatures, identifying six main themes in how cultural appropriateness is understood and applied. The paper then critically analyses these themes in relation to sustainable food system transformation. We explore how the themes conceptualise change, finding that cultural appropriateness is viewed in two main ways: either as a relatively static obstacle to be overcome, or as a dynamic and negotiated process. Both perspectives, we argue, entail different scientific, practical and political effects. Each perspective offers particular affordances for understanding and governing sustainable food system transition, although between perspectives there is likely to be a trade-off between theoretical sophistication and practical operationalizability. Based on this analysis we argue that researchers, policymakers and practitioners should be explicit about their commitment to a particular understanding of cultural appropriateness, as this will have implications for scientific and societal applications of their work. This is particularly the case, we suggest, in relation to the transdisciplinary collaborations necessary to effectively address the ‘wicked problem’ of food system sustainability. We conclude by offering a tentative general definition of cultural appropriateness as it relates to food consumption.

人们越来越认识到,可持续饮食需要 "文化适宜"。然而,在食品消费方面,文化适宜性或相关术语(如文化或社会可接受性)的实际含义往往并不明确。这些术语往往没有定义,即使有定义,也是千差万别。本文在系统性文献综述的基础上,探讨了不同研究文献中如何对食品消费的文化适宜性进行概念化,确定了如何理解和应用文化适宜性的六大主题。然后,本文结合可持续粮食系统转型对这些主题进行了批判性分析。我们探讨了这些主题是如何将变革概念化的,发现人们主要从两个方面来看待文化适宜性:要么将其视为需要克服的相对静态的障碍,要么将其视为一个动态的、经过协商的过程。我们认为,这两种观点会产生不同的科学、实践和政治效果。每种观点都为理解和管理可持续粮食系统的转型提供了特殊的可能性,尽管在不同的观点之间,理论的复杂性和实际的可操作性之间可能存在权衡。基于以上分析,我们认为研究人员、政策制定者和从业人员应明确自己对文化适宜性的特定理解,因为这将对其工作的科学和社会应用产生影响。我们认为,对于有效解决粮食系统可持续性这一 "棘手问题 "所需的跨学科合作而言,尤其如此。最后,我们对与食品消费相关的文化适宜性提出了一个初步的一般性定义。
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引用次数: 0
From rent-seeking to rent-producing: explaining Cargill’s strategy to control value chains by proliferating links within them 从寻租到生租:解释嘉吉公司通过增加价值链中的环节来控制价值链的战略
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10514-7
Anthony Pahnke

Agribusiness corporations primarily involved in providing livestock feed—colloquially known as the “ABCD” (Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Bunge, Cargill, and the Louis Dreyfus Company)—have begun to enter the fishing industry around the world. I argue that this recent entry of agribusiness multinationals in aquaculture, focusing particularly on Cargill, arises to take advantage of strategic opportunities to proliferate, or create links with respect to feed production and development within value chains. Concerning such opportunities, as I document, Cargill first leveraged its access to cheap, overproduced grains in the 1990s, developing ways to insert corn and soy into what it calls “aquafeed.” Next, the multinational firm began proliferating links within fishing industry value chains in the form of introducing new technical assistance services, as well as creating feed supplements and additives. As I explain, these efforts to proliferate links in the supply chain exist as opportunities to charge rents, or surplus profits, which is possible because Cargill retains the right to control the new products and services. An additional link in the chain includes how the corporation has expanded its role in the global food system from its past as an intermediary, to engaging consumers in direct ways by attempting to create their preferences. I conduct my analysis of Cargill’s corporate strategy by focusing on reporting from the fishing industry publication, Aquafeed News, detailing developments from 2000 through 2023.

主要从事提供牲畜饲料的农业综合企业--俗称 "ABCD"(Archer Daniels Midland (ADM)、Bunge、Cargill 和 Louis Dreyfus Company)--已开始进入世界各地的渔业。我认为,农业综合企业跨国公司最近进入水产养殖业,特别是嘉吉公司,是为了利用战略机遇,在价值链中扩散或建立饲料生产和开发方面的联系。关于这些机会,正如我所记录的那样,嘉吉公司在20世纪90年代首先利用其获得廉价、过度生产的谷物的机会,开发了将玉米和大豆添加到其所谓的 "水产饲料 "中的方法。接下来,这家跨国公司开始在渔业价值链中增加环节,其形式是引入新的技术援助服务,以及生产饲料补充剂和添加剂。正如我所解释的那样,这些扩散供应链环节的努力是收取租金或剩余利润的机会,因为嘉吉公司保留了对新产品和服务的控制权。供应链中的另一个环节包括嘉吉公司如何扩大其在全球食品体系中的角色,从过去的中间商转变为直接参与消费者活动,试图创造消费者的偏好。我在分析嘉吉公司的企业战略时,重点关注了渔业出版物《水产饲料新闻》的报道,详细介绍了从 2000 年到 2023 年的发展情况。
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引用次数: 0
Food justice: turning private choices into public issues 粮食公正:将私人选择转化为公共问题
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10503-w
Patricia Boling, Chiara Cervini

This paper uses distinctions between differing senses of “private,” “public” and “political” in the United States to argue for the value of framing food issues as a collective problem that calls for broadscale demands for justice. We argue that food choices do not simply belong to the realm of private preferences and market transactions. Rather, they are a set of decisions that have systemic causes and public consequences. They are shaped and constrained by public policies that underwrite the transportation of food over long distances as well as particular crops and foodstuffs, and by the vendors and advertisers who try to convince us to eat more of the foods they produce. Because the consequences of eating an abundance of empty calories are not easily remedied at the personal level, citizens need to demand public, systemic solutions, including better food information, youth food education, and a healthier food supply.

本文通过对美国不同意义上的 "私人"、"公共 "和 "政治 "的区分,论证了将食品问题作为一个集体问题来看待的价值,这一问题要求广泛的正义诉求。我们认为,食物选择不仅仅属于私人偏好和市场交易的范畴。相反,它们是一系列具有系统性原因和公共后果的决定。它们受到公共政策的影响和制约,这些政策支持远距离运输食物以及特定的农作物和食品,也受到试图说服我们多吃他们生产的食物的销售商和广告商的影响和制约。由于大量摄入空热量的后果不容易在个人层面上得到补救,公民需要要求公共的、系统的解决方案,包括更好的食品信息、青少年食品教育和更健康的食品供应。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Producer and consumer perspectives on supporting and diversifying local food systems in central Iowa 更正:生产者和消费者对支持爱荷华州中部地方食品系统并使之多样化的看法
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10517-4
Michael C. Dorneich, Caroline C. Krejci, Nicholas Schwab, Tiffanie F. Stone, Erin Huckins, Janette R. Thompson, Ulrike Passe
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引用次数: 0
How do the people that feed Europe feed themselves? Exploring the (in)formal food practices of Almería’s migrant and seasonal food workers 养活欧洲的人是如何养活自己的?探索阿尔梅里亚的移民和季节性食品工人的(非)正规食品做法
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10513-8
María Alonso Martínez, Anke Brons, Sigrid C. O. Wertheim-Heck

The EU's Farm to Fork strategy (European Commission European Commission. 2020. Farm to Fork strategy. https://food.ec.europa.eu/horizontal-topics/farm-fork-strategy_en. Accessed 31 August 2023.) highlights the need for a resilient food system capable of providing affordable food to citizens in all circumstances. Behind the provision of affordable food for EU citizens there is the effort of many migrant and seasonal food workers (MSFWs). In Almería, Spain, the area with the biggest concentration of greenhouses in the world, MSFWs face vulnerability in the form of physical and institutional invisibility despite performing the essential task of providing affordable food for the EU’s food system. This paper aims to move on from structuralist concerns and place MSFWs’ lived experiences at the center, including the (in)formal nature of their food practices, to understand how the people that feed Europe feed themselves. A combination of social practice theories and diverse economies is used to explore MFSWs’ daily food routines. These theories are used as lenses that inform the data collection process, performed through semi-structured interviews, photography, and observations. The findings of the study reflect a dynamic portfolio of (in)formal practices that evolve based on the length of stay in the county. These practices demonstrate how the EU food system resilience relies on the diverse economies of migrant settlements. We conclude that informality is a reality in the EU food system, and that shedding light on previously hidden food practices and their structures can help us envision food security interventions that are inclusive for all actors involved.

欧盟的 "从农场到餐桌 "战略(欧盟委员会 European Commission.2020.https://food.ec.europa.eu/horizontal-topics/farm-fork-strategy_en.访问日期:2023 年 8 月 31 日)强调了建立一个能够在任何情况下为公民提供负担得起的食品的弹性食品体系的必要性。在为欧盟公民提供负担得起的食品的背后,是许多移民和季节性食品工人(MSFWs)的努力。在西班牙阿尔梅里亚这个世界上温室最集中的地区,尽管为欧盟粮食系统提供负担得起的粮食是他们的重要任务,但他们却面临着物质和制度上的不可见性。本文旨在摆脱结构主义的关注,将 MSFWs 的生活经验(包括其食物实践的(非)正式性质)置于中心位置,以了解为欧洲提供食物的人们是如何养活自己的。本研究结合社会实践理论和多样化经济来探讨家庭主妇的日常饮食习惯。通过半结构式访谈、摄影和观察,将这些理论作为数据收集过程的参考。研究结果反映了根据在该县逗留时间的长短而演变的(非)正式实践的动态组合。这些实践表明,欧盟粮食系统的复原力如何依赖于移民定居点的多样化经济。我们的结论是,非正规性是欧盟粮食系统中的一个现实,揭示以前隐藏的粮食实践及其结构有助于我们设想对所有参与者都具有包容性的粮食安全干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Bringing together urban systems and food systems theory and research is overdue: understanding the relationships between food and nutrition infrastructures along a continuum of contested and hybrid access 早该将城市系统和食品系统理论与研究结合起来:沿着有争议和混合获取的连续统一体,理解食品和营养基础设施之间的关系
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10507-6
Living Off-Grid Food and Infrastructure Collaboration (LOGIC), Jane Battersby, Mercy Brown-Luthango, Issahaka Fuseini, Herry Gulabani, Gareth Haysom, Ben Jackson, Vrashali Khandelwal, Hayley MacGregor, Sudeshna Mitra, Nicholas Nisbett, Iromi Perera, Dolf te Lintelo, Jodie Thorpe, Percy Toriro

Urban dwellers’ food and nutritional wellbeing are both dependent on infrastructure and can be indicative of wider wellbeing in urban contexts and societal health. This paper focuses on the multiple relationships that exist between food and infrastructure to provide a thorough theoretical and empirical grounding to urgent work on urban food security and nutrition in the context of rapid urban and nutrition transitions in the South. We argue that urban systems and food systems thinking have not been well aligned, but that such alignment is not only timely and overdue but also fruitful for both thematic areas of research and policy. We draw in particular on work within wider urban political economy and political ecology that can be classified as part of the ‘infrastructural turn’ that is influential with urban studies but little acknowledged within food studies. Drawing on these literatures helps us to better understand the interrelationships between people, things and ideas that make up both infrastructure and food systems. Policy, planning and research relating to both food and urban systems cannot afford to ignore such interlinkages, though much policy still operates on the neat assumptions of progressive connectivity to ‘the grid’ and formal food retail. Instead we argue how in many urban governance systems, a variety of hybrid mechanisms—on and off the grid, public and private formal and informal—better represent how urban residents, particularly the most marginalised, meet their everyday food and infrastructural needs along a continuum of gridded and off-grid access.

城市居民的食物和营养福祉都依赖于基础设施,并可表明城市环境中更广泛的福祉和社会健康状况。本文重点论述了食品与基础设施之间存在的多重关系,为南方快速城市化和营养转型背景下城市食品安全和营养方面的紧迫工作提供了全面的理论和经验基础。我们认为,城市系统和粮食系统的思维一直没有很好地结合起来,但这种结合不仅是及时的、早该进行的,而且对这两个专题领域的研究和政策都是富有成效的。我们特别借鉴了更广泛的城市政治经济学和政治生态学的研究成果,这些研究成果可归类为 "基础设施转向 "的一部分。借鉴这些文献有助于我们更好地理解构成基础设施和食品系统的人、物和观念之间的相互关系。与食品和城市系统相关的政策、规划和研究都不能忽视这种相互联系,尽管很多政策仍然基于逐步连接到 "电网 "和正规食品零售的简单假设。相反,我们认为,在许多城市治理体系中,各种混合机制--电网和非电网、公共和私人的正规和非正规--更好地代表了城市居民,尤其是最边缘化群体,如何在电网和非电网接入的连续统一体中满足其日常食物和基础设施需求。
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引用次数: 0
Agropastoralism and re-peasantisation: the importance of mobility and social networks in the páramos of Boyacá, Colombia 农牧业和再农业化:流动性和社会网络在哥伦比亚博亚卡山区的重要性
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10512-9
Jaskiran Kaur Chohan, Jeimy Lorena González Téllez, Mark C. Eisler, María Paula Escobar

The páramos of Boyacá in Colombia are earmarked for delimitation to prevent the expansion of the agricultural frontier and protect endemic flora that contribute to water provision for cities. A varied conservation toolbox will be used, including the creation of protected areas for re-wilding and the ‘sustainable’ transitioning of livelihoods identified as environmentally destructive. Agriculture and cattle livestock farming has been identified for transitioning. Despite the negative discourse related to livestock holding, this paper argues that small-scale agropastoralism contributes to re-peasantisation and provides the foundations for an agrobiodiverse conservation approach. Agropastoralism facilitates re-peasantisation through strong socio-economic networks, interconnected communities, the solidarity economy, and self-management of natural resources. Whilst, agropastoral mobility spatially binds social networks across large and disconnected spaces. Mobility is also fundamental to dynamic land access and pasture management, as it prevents over-grazing. This exemplifies how resilient socio-economic networks and mobile production strategies could be harnessed for agrobiodiversity, instead of land sparing and other sedentary ‘green’ economies. This paper makes conceptual contributions to ‘autonomy’ in re-peasantisation by empirically demonstrating the importance of mobile and flexible systems of production. It also makes a novel methodological contribution in applying a spatial lens that further unpacks how movement across the páramos facilitates autonomy and re-peasantisation. These themes are explored using interview data from 53 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and small-scale agropastoralists from across the páramos and field observation. The paper concludes by recommending a harnessing of agropastoral knowledge, to potentiate agrobiodiversity, for a more socio-ecologically just approach to farming and conservation in the páramos.

哥伦比亚博亚卡的 páramos 被指定进行划界,以防止农业边界的扩张,并保护有助于为城市供水的特有植物。将使用各种保护工具箱,包括建立野化保护区和 "可持续 "地改变被认定为破坏环境的生计。农业和畜牧业已被确定为过渡生计。尽管与畜牧业有关的论述是负面的,但本文认为,小规模农牧业有助于重新实现农民化,并为农业生物多样性保护方法奠定了基础。农牧业通过强大的社会经济网络、相互联系的社区、团结经济和自然资源的自我管理,促进了农民的再农业化。同时,农牧业的流动性在空间上将广阔而互不相连的社会网络联系在一起。流动性也是动态使用土地和牧场管理的基础,因为它可以防止过度放牧。这说明了如何利用具有弹性的社会经济网络和流动生产战略来促进农业生物多样性,而不是土地稀缺和其他定居型 "绿色 "经济。本文通过实证证明了流动和灵活生产系统的重要性,从而在概念上对再农民化中的 "自主性 "做出了贡献。本文还在方法论上做出了新的贡献,即运用空间视角,进一步揭示了穿越帕拉莫斯山脉的移动如何促进了自治和再农民化。本文通过对整个帕拉莫斯山脉的主要利益相关者和小规模农牧民进行的 53 次半结构式访谈数据以及实地观察,对这些主题进行了探讨。最后,本文建议利用农牧业知识来增强农业生物多样性,从而以更具社会生态公正性的方式在帕拉莫斯进行耕作和保护。
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引用次数: 0
Food justice in community supported agriculture – differentiating charitable and emancipatory social support actions 社区支持农业中的粮食公正--区分慈善行动和解放社会的支持行动
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10511-w
Jocelyn Parot, Stefan Wahlen, Judith Schryro, Philipp Weckenbrock

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) seeks to address injustices in the food system by supporting small-scale farmers applying agroecological practices through a long-term partnership: a community of members covers the cost of production and receives a share of the harvest throughout the season in return. Despite an orientation towards a more just and inclusive food system, the existing literature points towards a rather homogeneous membership in CSA. A majority of CSAs tends to involve (upper) middle-class consumers with above average education and income levels. Low income is still a major obstacle in joining a CSA. Membership diversification through social support actions is one possible way. Our main objective is to systematize and appraise social support actions of the CSA movement. Taking the CSA principles as a starting point, our main research question is: How do social support actions in CSAs operate in terms of social inclusion and what obstacles and challenges are associated with them? The theory of strategic action fields assists in describing how the CSA movement is positioning itself as an actor in and across neighboring strategic action fields. The CSA movement is clearly positioned in the Food Sovereignty field. By shifting the focus from justice to farmers to justice for members, the CSA movement is now also exploring the Food Justice field. Indeed, the CSAs’ contribution to the food justice movement is still largely uncharted. In our results, we identify both social support actions that are already implemented in the CSA movement in different countries, and the challenges that are associated with these actions. We pinpoint a classification of social support actions implemented by CSA organizers to increase access to their initiatives. We make a distinction between the emancipatory actions that empower beneficiaries and contribute to a systemic change, and punctual, charitable interventions that neither affect the structure of a CSA nor the food system.

社区支持农业(CSA)旨在通过长期合作,支持采用生态农业实践的小规模农户,从而解决粮食系统中的不公正问题:社区成员承担生产成本,并获得整个季节的收获份额作为回报。尽管 CSA 的目标是建立一个更加公正和包容的粮食系统,但现有文献表明,CSA 的成员构成相当单一。CSA 的大多数成员往往是教育程度和收入水平高于平均水平的(中上层)消费者。低收入仍然是加入 CSA 的主要障碍。通过社会支持行动实现成员多样化是一种可行的方法。我们的主要目标是系统整理和评估 CSA 运动的社会支持行动。以 CSA 原则为出发点,我们的主要研究问题是:CSA 中的社会支持行动在社会包容方面是如何运作的?战略行动领域理论有助于描述 CSA 运动如何将自己定位为邻近战略行动领域的行动者。CSA 运动在粮食主权领域的定位十分明确。通过将重点从为农民伸张正义转向为成员伸张正义,CSA 运动现在也在探索粮食正义领域。事实上,CSA 对粮食正义运动的贡献在很大程度上仍是未知数。在我们的研究结果中,我们发现了不同国家的 CSA 运动中已经实施的社会支持行动,以及与这些行动相关的挑战。我们对 CSA 组织者实施的社会支持行动进行了分类,以增加对其倡议的参与。我们将赋予受益人权力并促进系统性变革的解放行动与既不影响 CSA 结构也不影响粮食系统的定时慈善干预行动区分开来。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond social embeddedness: probing the power relations of alternative food networks in China 超越社会嵌入性:探究中国替代食品网络的权力关系
IF 3.5 2区 社会学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10510-x
Miaomiao Qi

Food justice scholars have criticized alternative food networks (AFNs) for lacking concern about gender, class, race, and ethnicity, thus not addressing structural inequalities. This paper further suggests that the incorporation of social justice into AFNs’ on-the-ground operations is critical in creating a more sustainable and just agri-food system that challenges the industrial and corporate-controlled food system. By exploring an urban–rural mutual aid cooperative in southwest China, this paper highlights a localized AFN that has successfully cultivated close social ties between ethnic minority small farmers in remote areas and urban consumers. Through these ties, consumers’ desires for safe food are satisfied and some small producers’ livelihoods have improved. Yet, competing values between supporting small farmers and satisfying consumers’ needs create tensions in the co-op’s daily operation. Importantly, I demonstrate that failing to incorporate social justice into its construction of social embeddedness, existing inequalities of gender, class, and ethnicity within the co-op not only go unchallenged but rather underlie consumers’ trust in food quality and make women farmers all but invisible. Developing a situated and feminist framework of AFNs, this paper contributes to existing literature on AFNs by challenging and complicating the assumption of social embeddedness derived from Anglo-American contexts, as well as by focusing on women’s perceptions and lived experiences.

食品正义学者批评替代性食品网络(AFNs)缺乏对性别、阶级、种族和民族的关注,因此无法解决结构性不平等问题。本文进一步指出,将社会正义纳入替代性食品网络的实地运作,对于创建一个更加可持续和公正的农业食品体系,挑战工业和企业控制的食品体系至关重要。通过探索中国西南地区的城乡互助合作社,本文重点介绍了一个成功培养偏远地区少数民族小农户与城市消费者之间密切社会联系的本地化农业食品网。通过这些联系,消费者对安全食品的需求得到了满足,一些小生产者的生活也得到了改善。然而,在支持小农户和满足消费者需求之间的价值竞争,给合作社的日常运作带来了紧张。重要的是,我证明了由于没有将社会正义纳入其社会嵌入性的构建中,合作社中现有的性别、阶级和种族不平等不仅没有受到挑战,反而成为消费者对食品质量信任的基础,并使女性农民几乎被忽视。本文通过对英美社会嵌入性假设的质疑和复杂化,以及对女性认知和生活经验的关注,为现有关于农户家庭网的文献做出了贡献。
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Agriculture and Human Values
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