Background: TSH and circulating thyroid hormones are measured in serum as part of a thyroid function test (TFT), which evaluates the thyroid gland's ability to produce and regulate thyroid hormones. The objective of the current study was to compare the technical performance between ELISA, FEIA and the currently marketed automated CLIA for measuring the TSH level. Material and methods: A total of 1,200 participants were enrolled in the study. Subjects were chosen randomly, either OPD patients or inpatients of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA), Enzyme-linked Immunoassay (ELISA) and Fluorometric Enzyme Immunoassay (FEIA) technologies were performed. Results: The total number of patients (1200) was categorized into group I, normal TSH (n = 680); group II, elevated TSH (n = 300); and group III, decreased TSH (n = 220). CLIA and FEIA based results were significantly more sensitive compared to ELISA results for TSH detection. Conclusion: Chemiluminescence assay system, when compared to FEIA and ELISA, is far superior in terms of accuracy and sensitivity for reporting both subnormal and above normal TSH levels and can be helpful in the detection of subclinical thyroid dysfunction (SCTD) and in the screening of thyroid diseases.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of ELISA, FEIA and CLIA techniques in diagnostic immunoassays for thyroid stimulating hormone: A cross-sectional study form Morang, Nepal","authors":"R. L. Mallick, C. P. Gaire","doi":"10.3126/jbs.v10i1.57050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v10i1.57050","url":null,"abstract":"Background: TSH and circulating thyroid hormones are measured in serum as part of a thyroid function test (TFT), which evaluates the thyroid gland's ability to produce and regulate thyroid hormones. The objective of the current study was to compare the technical performance between ELISA, FEIA and the currently marketed automated CLIA for measuring the TSH level. \u0000Material and methods: A total of 1,200 participants were enrolled in the study. Subjects were chosen randomly, either OPD patients or inpatients of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA), Enzyme-linked Immunoassay (ELISA) and Fluorometric Enzyme Immunoassay (FEIA) technologies were performed. \u0000Results: The total number of patients (1200) was categorized into group I, normal TSH (n = 680); group II, elevated TSH (n = 300); and group III, decreased TSH (n = 220). CLIA and FEIA based results were significantly more sensitive compared to ELISA results for TSH detection. \u0000Conclusion: Chemiluminescence assay system, when compared to FEIA and ELISA, is far superior in terms of accuracy and sensitivity for reporting both subnormal and above normal TSH levels and can be helpful in the detection of subclinical thyroid dysfunction (SCTD) and in the screening of thyroid diseases.","PeriodicalId":7690,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86040194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mid-trimester maternal serum markers have been used for prenatal aneuploidy screening for a long time. The aim of the study was to assess the mid-term serum levels of β-human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoproteins for placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes (PMAPOs) in preterm and term pregnancies. Material and methods: A prospective cohort study involving nulliparous women with singletons without aneuploidy or fatal fetal abnormalities was carried out a tertiary care hospital, Morang, Nepal. AFP and β-hCG levels were estimated between 13 and 17 weeks of gestation in the mother's serum. All values were in multiples of the median (MoM) and compared between women with PMAPOs. Results: The serum levels of AFP and β-hCG were obtained in 176 out of 300 nulliparous women. The MoM of serum β-hCG (1.3 vs 1.1) and AFP (1.4 vs 1.1) were higher in PMAPOs-affected women than in controls. Conclusion:Preterm PMAPOs, but not term PMAPOs, are more likely in the present study when maternal serum AFP or β -hCG levels are more significant than 2.0 MoM. If fetal growth is within the normal range at 37 weeks of gestation, it is advisable that women with increased serum β-hCG or AFP receive regular prenatal care.
背景:妊娠中期母体血清标志物用于产前非整倍体筛查已有很长时间。该研究的目的是评估中期血清β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素和甲胎蛋白水平与早产儿和足月妊娠胎盘介导的不良妊娠结局(ppmapos)的关系。材料和方法:一项前瞻性队列研究涉及无非整倍体或致命胎儿异常的未生育的单胎妇女，尼泊尔Morang三级保健医院进行。AFP和β-hCG水平在母体妊娠13 - 17周时测定。所有值均为中位数(MoM)的倍数，并在pmapo患者之间进行比较。结果:300例产妇中176例检测血清AFP和β-hCG水平。ppmapos患者血清β-hCG的MoM (1.3 vs 1.1)和AFP (1.4 vs 1.1)均高于对照组。结论:在本研究中，当母体血清AFP或β -hCG水平高于2.0 MoM时，更有可能出现早产PMAPOs，而非足月PMAPOs。如果妊娠37周胎儿生长在正常范围内，建议血清β-hCG或AFP升高的妇女接受定期产前护理。
{"title":"Analysis of mid-trimester maternal serum β-hCG and AFP as markers of preterm and term adverse pregnancy outcomes form a tertiary care hospital, Morang, Nepal","authors":"R. L. Mallick, C. P. Gaire, P. Dahal, N. Kafle","doi":"10.3126/jbs.v10i1.56077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v10i1.56077","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mid-trimester maternal serum markers have been used for prenatal aneuploidy screening for a long time. The aim of the study was to assess the mid-term serum levels of β-human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoproteins for placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes (PMAPOs) in preterm and term pregnancies. \u0000Material and methods: A prospective cohort study involving nulliparous women with singletons without aneuploidy or fatal fetal abnormalities was carried out a tertiary care hospital, Morang, Nepal. AFP and β-hCG levels were estimated between 13 and 17 weeks of gestation in the mother's serum. All values were in multiples of the median (MoM) and compared between women with PMAPOs. \u0000Results: The serum levels of AFP and β-hCG were obtained in 176 out of 300 nulliparous women. The MoM of serum β-hCG (1.3 vs 1.1) and AFP (1.4 vs 1.1) were higher in PMAPOs-affected women than in controls. \u0000Conclusion:Preterm PMAPOs, but not term PMAPOs, are more likely in the present study when maternal serum AFP or β -hCG levels are more significant than 2.0 MoM. If fetal growth is within the normal range at 37 weeks of gestation, it is advisable that women with increased serum β-hCG or AFP receive regular prenatal care.","PeriodicalId":7690,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88778061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marburg virus disease: In a nutshell","authors":"B. Roy","doi":"10.3126/jbs.v10i1.56075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v10i1.56075","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":7690,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77323904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hoque, Nasreen Nahar, M. S. Mahbub, Jesmine Akter, Begum Rowshan Ara
Background: Bangladesh has a large proportion of women at risk of developing cervical cancer. Though it is considered preventable, it is the second commonest cancer of women in Bangladesh. This study explored the factors influencing the delays in seeking cervical cancer care. Material and methods: Three hundred and ninety nine (399) randomly selected women with cervical cancer attending clinical care in a tertiary hospital were enrolled. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were followed. Face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured and in-depth questionnaire were carried out. The univariate analysis measured the association with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Content and context analyses were performed for a qualitative segment of the study. Results: The mean age of the respondent was 54.3 years (Mean ± SD, 54.3±11.7). The median duration of primary, secondary and tertiary delays was 45, 45 and 60, respectively. The association between primary delay and personal factors, e.g., lack of knowledge, was statistically significant (p<0.05). Economic factors were closely associated with secondary delay (p=0.000). Issues like healthcare facilities were significant for tertiary delay (p=0.000). Conclusion: This study identified multiple factors that can be addressed to reduce delays regarding cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment. Steps to reduce these delays can be expected to improve clinical care and the outcome of this cancer in women in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Factors related to delay in cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment among women in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Hoque, Nasreen Nahar, M. S. Mahbub, Jesmine Akter, Begum Rowshan Ara","doi":"10.3126/jbs.v10i1.56076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v10i1.56076","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bangladesh has a large proportion of women at risk of developing cervical cancer. Though it is considered preventable, it is the second commonest cancer of women in Bangladesh. This study explored the factors influencing the delays in seeking cervical cancer care. \u0000Material and methods: Three hundred and ninety nine (399) randomly selected women with cervical cancer attending clinical care in a tertiary hospital were enrolled. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were followed. Face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured and in-depth questionnaire were carried out. The univariate analysis measured the association with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Content and context analyses were performed for a qualitative segment of the study. \u0000Results: The mean age of the respondent was 54.3 years (Mean ± SD, 54.3±11.7). The median duration of primary, secondary and tertiary delays was 45, 45 and 60, respectively. The association between primary delay and personal factors, e.g., lack of knowledge, was statistically significant (p<0.05). Economic factors were closely associated with secondary delay (p=0.000). Issues like healthcare facilities were significant for tertiary delay (p=0.000). \u0000Conclusion: This study identified multiple factors that can be addressed to reduce delays regarding cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment. Steps to reduce these delays can be expected to improve clinical care and the outcome of this cancer in women in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":7690,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89438141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging outbreak of XBB, and BA.5: An insight into Omicron subvariants","authors":"B. Roy","doi":"10.3126/jbs.v9i2.52047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v9i2.52047","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":7690,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77238416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The biomarker D-dimer, produced when fibrin breaks down, is frequently used to diagnose thrombotic diseases. D-dimer has been recognized as a potential indication of the prognosis for COVID-19 patients since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected and compared the demographic, clinical, and liver function data of patients with confirmed COVID-19 at admission between those with elevated and those with normal D- dimer levels in our hospital-based study. Material and methods: A hospital-based study that used data from the biochemistry laboratory at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital in Biratnagar, Nepal, was conducted between July 31 and December 31, 2021. Measurements included age, gender, D- Dimer, procalcitonin, C- Reactive Protein (CRP), aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Results: In COVID-19 patients with normal D-dimer levels, the mean age was 55 years (CI, 43-67), while in those with increased levels, it was 66 years (CI, 52-80). In the increased group of the D- dimer, almost 20% had diabetes mellitus, and 8% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Compared to the normal group, the mean values of D- Dimer, procalcitonin, C- Reactive Protein (CRP), aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphate in the raised group were noticeably higher. Conclusion: In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals frequently have high D-dimer levels. Critically sick patients had much greater levels, which can be utilized as a predictive indicator for in-hospital mortality.
{"title":"D-Dimer as a biomarker for COVID-19 patients' illness severity and mortality: A hospital-based study from eastern Nepal","authors":"A. Mittal, M. Farooqui","doi":"10.3126/jbs.v9i2.52048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v9i2.52048","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The biomarker D-dimer, produced when fibrin breaks down, is frequently used to diagnose thrombotic diseases. D-dimer has been recognized as a potential indication of the prognosis for COVID-19 patients since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected and compared the demographic, clinical, and liver function data of patients with confirmed COVID-19 at admission between those with elevated and those with normal D- dimer levels in our hospital-based study. \u0000Material and methods: A hospital-based study that used data from the biochemistry laboratory at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital in Biratnagar, Nepal, was conducted between July 31 and December 31, 2021. Measurements included age, gender, D- Dimer, procalcitonin, C- Reactive Protein (CRP), aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. \u0000Results: In COVID-19 patients with normal D-dimer levels, the mean age was 55 years (CI, 43-67), while in those with increased levels, it was 66 years (CI, 52-80). In the increased group of the D- dimer, almost 20% had diabetes mellitus, and 8% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Compared to the normal group, the mean values of D- Dimer, procalcitonin, C- Reactive Protein (CRP), aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphate in the raised group were noticeably higher. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals frequently have high D-dimer levels. Critically sick patients had much greater levels, which can be utilized as a predictive indicator for in-hospital mortality.","PeriodicalId":7690,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83611219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monkeypox outbreak: Must know for the clinicians","authors":"B. Roy","doi":"10.3126/jbs.v9i1.50096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v9i1.50096","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":7690,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82269480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timothy Oluwarotimi Folorunso, B. K. Akinola, Grace Edose Kadiri, G. Oladipo
{"title":"Digito-palmar Dermatoglyphics Patterns May Predict the Risk of Hypertension among Nigerians","authors":"Timothy Oluwarotimi Folorunso, B. K. Akinola, Grace Edose Kadiri, G. Oladipo","doi":"10.5099/aj220400146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5099/aj220400146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7690,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77470191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SaeedSamah Mohamed, A. M. Amin, S. Skander, T. Hewala, Eithar Omer Mohamed Saleh, A. salih, Sabah Ali Mugahed Al-Qadasi, M. M. Badawi, M. A. Hamed
{"title":"Chemoprevention of 1,2 Dimethyl Hydrazine-Induced Colon Tumor in Albino Rat by Meloxicam and its Correlation with Immunoassay of Serum CEA","authors":"SaeedSamah Mohamed, A. M. Amin, S. Skander, T. Hewala, Eithar Omer Mohamed Saleh, A. salih, Sabah Ali Mugahed Al-Qadasi, M. M. Badawi, M. A. Hamed","doi":"10.5099/aj220400154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5099/aj220400154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7690,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78900909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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