Acta morphologica Hungarica最新文献

Paraffin sections from 21 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD), 28 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and 34 cases of non-specific reactive lymphadenitides occurring in childhood were examined for the presence of the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-encoded Latent Membrane Protein (LMP) using a double layer immunohistochemical method. LMP was detected in 12/21 (57%) cases of HD but not in NHL or reactive lymph nodes. LMP reactivity was restricted to Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's (HRS) cells in 4 of 9 (45%) cases of nodular sclerosis (NS), 6 of 9 (66%) cases of mixed cellularity (MC) and 2 of 2 (100%) cases of lymphocyte depletion (LD) while it was undetectable in the single case of lymphocyte predominance (LD) subtype. These results provide further evidence for an association between EBV and Hodgkin's disease, and they show that LMP expression occurs more frequently in the clinically more aggressive subtypes of HD. Furthermore, in view of the in vitro transforming potential of the LMP protein, the exclusive immunolocalization of LMP in HRS cells, suggests that EBV may be involved in the pathogenesis of a proportion of cases of HD.

The DNASK is a PC-based image analysis module for quantitative cytological and histological examinations on Feulgen-Schiff preparations. The module consists of a frame grabber, a CCD black and white video camera and the DNASK software package which can be incorporated in an IBM compatible PC-AT joining to a standard pathological research photo microscope. The use of 386 IBM AT systems leads to significant decrease of the measurement's time. Mono- or color VGA graphics card should be used. The resolution of the images is 512 x 512 pixels and 256 gray values. The image caption is made in less than 0.5 second, the measurement of a cell nuclei (18 parameters) takes less, than 5 seconds (IBM AT 286). The camera is a standard CCD one. The microscope should be a good quality, modern microscope with built-in light source, however, the application of voltage stabiliser is strongly recommended. The software is able to measure the parameters mostly used and suggested in the international literature: 15 morpho- and densitometric parameters of the cell nuclei 6 DNA histogram parameters of the measured case, like DNA Index, 2c deviation Index, 5c exceeding rate, G1-S-G2 phase fraction ratio. The system supports the grouping of the measured cases and at the end of a study results of the single measurements can be collected and summarized in an ASCII file, which is readable by major statistical programpackages. The DNASK has a special graphical user interface for the control of the program.

Ultrastructure of liver biopsy specimens obtained from normal and hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected livers of patients and chimpanzees were compared. Nuclear alterations (glycogen particles, nuclear bodies, "vermicellar bodies", etc.), intracytoplasmic crystalloid inclusions were observed before and after the HBV and HCV infections both in human and chimpanzee hepatocytes, however, some of them were more common during the viral infection. Extreme endoplasmic reticulum dilatation characterized the human, while the presence of membranous cytoplasmic inclusions the hepatocytes of chimpanzees during HCV infection. Interferon-associated membrane alterations were noted during acute or chronic hepatitis, however, in slightly different forms in humans and chimpanzees. Data suggest to be precautions in the interpretation of the ultrastructural alteration observed in different species even to be so closely related as humans and chimpanzees especially during infection with hepatotropic viruses.

Paraffin sections from 21 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 28 cases (26 high-grade and 2 low-grade) of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) occurring in childhood were examined for the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen using an anti-PCNA antibody. All cases of HD and NHL showed PCNA reactivity. In HD 50.9% (mean value) of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells were PCNA positive and judged to be proliferating. PCNA reactivity was also found in a varying number of cells of the background population in HD (mean value = 11.7%). In NHL 61.2% (mean value) of cells were PCNA positive. In the 26 high grade tumours 63.6% (mean value) of cells were PCNA positive while only 32% (mean value) of cells were PCNA positive in the 2 low-grade tumours. Our results show that the proliferation rate of tumour cells in high-grade NHL is higher than those of tumour cells in low-grade NHL and HRS cells in HD. Moreover, we found a considerable variation of proliferation rate among individual cases of HD (range 31%-68%) of NHL (range 31%-78%). This suggests that PCNA assessment can help in the individual approach of the proliferation rate of each tumour, and, in conjunction with other parameters of the cell proliferation, could be useful for the understanding of the biological behavior of childhood lymphomas.

To study the influence of chromatin condensation on the absorption spectra of nuclei stained with toluidine blue, DNA staining methods--which favour or prevent dye polymerization--were applied to the imprints of rat tissues that differed greatly in the density of chromatin packing. It is stated that all factors promoting dye polymerization cause a left shift of the spectra while the factors preventing it, a right one. It was found that condensation of the chromatin can raise prerequisites that both enhance and hinder polymerization, and that the final result depends on the staining method, the manner of chromatin folding, and the density of its packing.

In our Department 37,504 autopsies were performed in the last 30 years. Double multiple primary malignant tumours were found in 385 cases (4.2% of the cases with malignant tumours). In thyroid cancer cases, tumours of other organs were more frequent (20 cases, 22.7%), and these tumour associations were observed mainly simultaneously; there were no significant sex differences. In the more frequent synchronous cases, the thyroid cancer was a tumour only accessory to other malignancies; in the rarer metachronous cases, the thyroid cancer was secondary to postoperative irradiation of the first tumour (4 of 5 cases). Thyroid cancers were seen most frequently together with lung, breast and digestive system tumours; there was no special association recognizable to certain other malignancies. Follicular carcinoma was more frequent among the cancers associated with another tumour (12 of 20 cases), while in general the papillary was the most frequent type (48 of 88 cases).

Calcium pantothenate was administered to Wistar rats in a dose of 180 mg/day/rat for 42 days, in order to investigate its effect upon the ultrastructure of the epidermis locally irradiated with a dose of 600 rep and upon partly hepatectomized liver and locally irradiated epidermis, as compared to control. The resulting data have revealed that calcium pantothenate is metabolized without entailing ultrastructural changes. Both liver and epidermis appear to be protected by calcium pantothenate, which greatly diminishes or even cancels the display of irradiation-induced negative effects. The changes brought about by irradiation are throughly presented and the subcellular mechanisms providing the radioprotection of epidermis and liver are accurately defined.

The autopsy material of 215 RA patients was studied to determine 1) the frequency of generalized secondary amyloidosis (GSA), 2) the frequency and extent of amyloid deposits in various organs, 3) the chronological succession of amyloid deposition in various organs. The tissue specimens were fixed in 8% formaldehyde solution and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections were cut and stained with HE and Congo-red according to Romhányi, without alcoholic differentiation. The average amount of amyloid deposition in various organs was determined on a 0 to 4 plus scale. Thirty-seven cases were found to contain stainable amyloid (17.2%). The frequency and degree of amyloid deposition in different organs of RA cases with GSA are summarized in the following table. [table: see text] The frequency and extent of amyloid deposits in various organs may be linked to the ratio of cardiac output distributed over a different tissue mass. In conclusion, the tissues and organs often showing high quantities of amyloid are the sites where the deposits begin. Where deposits are infrequent or of low quantity deposits develop later. Amyloid deposits early in the wall of blood vessels, first of all within the GI tract, heart, kidneys, thyroid gland, spleen and the adrenal glands.

77 HIV-positive corpses were autopsied at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Hamburg (in cooperation with the Bernhard-Nocht Institute) from August 1984 until September 31st, 1989. In the clinical autopsies (29 cases) the patients had always shown manifest AIDS symptoms, while 90% of the HIV-infected forensic autopsy cases had no AIDS symptoms during their lives and mostly died from drug overdose. Authors describe the clinical autopsy findings (Kaposi sarcoma, infections caused by opportunistic pathogenics), serological AIDS screen-examinations, and the precautions applied during the autopsies. They also describe their own methods for the prevention of infection with reference to hygiene in the dissecting rooms.

CFY rats were treated intratracheally on one occasion with 60 mg of DQ12 quartz, illite (aluminosilicate) and enargite (dead rocks of a metal mine) suspended in 1 ml physiological saline. After a year, the structure of the pulmonary arterial system of pneumoconiotic rats was investigated by means of injection-corrosion cast and gelatin-India ink samples in thick preparations. In the identically treated animals, blood-gas analysis was made of samples of femoral arteries before and after intravenous treatment with noradrenaline and acetylcholine (40-40 micrograms/b.w.) under sodium pentobarbital narcosis. It has been stated that in focal alterations characteristic of different types of pneumoconioses, arborisation of the pulmonary arteries is and a newly developed and/or transformed vascular structure can be observed around the foci. In pneumonoconiotic lungs, arteriovenous shunts are more frequent. The authors assumed some connection between the vascularization of foci and the progression of the fibrotic process: richer vascularization around and inside the foci was accompanied by significant fibrosis. The blood-gas values suggested compensated respiratory acidosis. In the examined pneumoconioses, the effect of vasoactive substances - in terms of blood-gas values - had not changed significantly.