American journal of mental retardation : AJMR最新文献

英文中文

Augmentative and alternative communication. 辅助和替代沟通。

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/e527882004-001

L. Lloyd

Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Background and Purpose of Project 1.2 Previous Work Done by Others 1.2.1 Products 1.2.2 Patent Search Results 1.3 Map for the rest of the report Section 2: Project Design 2.1 Design Alternatives 2.1.1 Design 1 2.1.2 Design 2 2.1.3 Design 3 2.2 Optimal Design 2.2.1 Objective 2.2.2 Subunits Section 3: Realistic Constraints Section 4: Safety Issues Section 5: Impact of Engineering Solutions Section 6: Life-Long Learning

引用次数: 276

Autism profiles of males with fragile X syndrome. 患有脆性X染色体综合征的男性的自闭症概况。

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1352/2008.113:427-438

Susan W. Harris, D. Hessl, B. Goodlin‐Jones, J. Ferranti, S. Bacalman, I. Barbato, F. Tassone, P. Hagerman, H. Herman, R. Hagerman

Autism, which is common in individuals with fragile X syndrome, is often difficult to diagnose. We compared the diagnostic classifications of two measures for autism diagnosis, the ADOS and the ADI-R, in addition to the DSM-IV-TR in 63 males with this syndrome. Overall, 30% of the subjects met criteria for autistic disorder and 30% met criteria for PDD-NOS. The classifications on the ADOS and DSM-IV-TR were most similar, whereas the ADI-R classified subjects as autistic much more frequently. We further investigated the relationship of both FMRP and FMRI mRNA to symptoms of autism in this cohort and found no significant relationship between the measures of autism and molecular features, including FMRP, FMRI mRNA, and CGG repeat number.

自闭症在患有脆性X染色体综合征的个体中很常见，通常很难诊断。我们比较了63名患有该综合征的男性的两种诊断方法，ADOS和ADI-R，以及DSM-IV-TR的诊断分类。总体而言，30%的受试者符合自闭症标准，30%符合PDD-NOS标准。ADOS和DSM-IV-TR的分类最为相似，而ADI-R则更频繁地将受试者归类为自闭症。我们进一步研究了该队列中FMRP和FMRI mRNA与自闭症症状的关系，发现自闭症的测量与分子特征(包括FMRP、FMRI mRNA和CGG重复数)之间没有显著关系。

引用次数: 378

Memory skills of boys with fragile X syndrome. 脆性X染色体综合症男孩的记忆能力。

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1352/2008.113:453-465

P. Ornstein, Jennifer M. Schaaf, S. Hooper, D. Hatton, P. Mirrett, D. Bailey

Multiple aspects of memory were examined in 42 boys with fragile X syndrome and a comparison group of 42 typically developing boys matched on MA. Working memory, incidental memory, and deliberate memory were assessed with a battery that included both free-recall and recognition tasks. Findings indicated that boys with fragile X syndrome performed more poorly than their matches on most measures. The exception was free recall, in which their accuracy was equal to that of the control participants. Results from analyses of a subset of boys with fragile X syndrome who exhibit characteristics of autism and their MA matches, though preliminary, support the conclusion that memory deficits are especially marked in boys who have fragile X syndrome and evidence autistic behaviors.

对42名患有脆性X染色体综合征的男孩和42名发育正常的男孩进行了多方面的记忆检查。工作记忆、偶然记忆和刻意记忆是通过一个包括自由回忆和识别任务的电池来评估的。研究结果表明，在大多数测试中，患有脆性X染色体综合征的男孩比他们的对手表现得更差。唯一的例外是自由回忆，他们的准确性与对照组的参与者相同。对一组表现出自闭症特征的脆性X染色体综合症男孩及其MA匹配的分析结果，虽然是初步的，但支持了这样的结论:记忆缺陷在患有脆性X染色体综合症的男孩中尤为明显，并证明了自闭症行为。

引用次数: 52

Evidence for latent classes of IQ in young children with autism spectrum disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍儿童潜在智商等级的证据。

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1352/2008.113:439-452

J. Munson, G. Dawson, Lindsey Sterling, Theodore P. Beauchaine, Andrew Zhou, Koehler Elizabeth, C. Lord, S. Rogers, M. Sigman, A. Estes, R. Abbott

Autism is currently viewed as a spectrum condition that includes strikingly different severity levels; IQ is consistently described as one of the primary aspects of the heterogeneity in autism. To investigate the possibility of more than one distinct subtype of autism based on IQ both latent class analysis and taxometrics methods were used to classify Mullen IQs in a sample of 456 children with autism spectrum disorder. We found evidence for multiple IQbased subgroups using both methods. Groups differed in level of intellectual functioning and patterns of verbal versus nonverbal ability. Results support the notion of distinct subtypes of autism that differ in severity of intellectual ability, patterns of cognitive strengths and weaknesses, and severity of autism symptoms.

自闭症目前被视为一种谱系疾病，包括不同的严重程度;智商一直被描述为自闭症异质性的主要方面之一。为了研究基于智商的多个不同自闭症亚型的可能性，我们采用潜在类分析和分类方法对456名自闭症谱系障碍儿童的Mullen智商进行了分类。我们发现了使用这两种方法的多个基于智商的亚组的证据。各组在智力功能水平和语言与非语言能力模式上存在差异。结果支持自闭症不同亚型的概念，这些亚型在智力能力的严重程度、认知优势和劣势的模式以及自闭症症状的严重程度上有所不同。

引用次数: 189

Peer interactions and academic engagement of youth with developmental disabilities in inclusive middle and high school classrooms. 发展性残疾青年在包容性初中和高中课堂中的同伴互动和学业参与。

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1352/2008.113:479-494

E. Carter, Lynn G. Sisco, L. Brown, Dana Brickham, Zainab A Al-Khabbaz

We examined the peer interactions and academic engagement of 23 middle and high school students with developmental disabilities within inclusive academic and elective classrooms. The extent to which students with and without disabilities interacted socially was highly variable and influenced by instructional format, the proximity of general and special educators, and curricular area. Peer interactions occurred more often within small group instructional formats, when students were not receiving direct support from a paraprofessional or special educator, and in elective courses. Academic engagement also varied, with higher levels evidenced during one-to-one or small group instruction and when in proximity of general or special educators. Implications for designing effective support strategies for students with autism and/or intellectual disability within general education classrooms are discussed.

我们研究了23名发育障碍中学生在包容性学术和选修课堂上的同伴互动和学习参与情况。残疾学生和非残疾学生的社会互动程度变化很大，并受到教学形式、普通和特殊教育工作者的接近程度以及课程领域的影响。同伴互动更常发生在小组教学形式中，当学生没有从辅助专业或特殊教育工作者那里得到直接支持时，以及在选修课程中。学术参与也各不相同，在一对一或小组教学期间以及在普通或特殊教育工作者附近时，表现出更高的水平。本文讨论了在通识教育课堂中为自闭症和/或智障学生设计有效支持策略的意义。

引用次数: 144

Gatekeepers of science: attitudes toward the research participation of adults with intellectual disability. 科学的守门人:对智障成年人参与研究的态度。

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2008-11-01 DOI: 10.1352/2008.113:466-478

K. McDonald, C. Keys, D. Henry

Researchers and Institutional Review Board (IRB) members' attitudes influence scientific knowledge about individuals with intellectual disability. We recruited 260 intellectual disability researchers and IRB members to develop a measure of attitudes toward the research participation of adults with intellectual disability, the Participation in Research Attitude Scale. Findings suggest three conceptual domains: Opportunity and Choice, Help in Decision Making, and Beneficence. We also examined individual differences in attitudes and the relationships between general and specific attitudes. In general, intellectual disability researchers and those with closer relationships to individuals with disabilities had attitudes consistent with disability-rights principles. Some dimensions of global attitudes toward adults with intellectual disability predictedmore specific attitudes toward their research participation. Implications are discussed.

研究人员和机构审查委员会(IRB)成员的态度影响对智力残疾个体的科学认识。我们招募了260名智障研究人员和IRB成员，编制了一份衡量成人智障人士参与研究态度的量表——参与研究态度量表。研究结果提出了三个概念领域:机会和选择，帮助决策和慈善。我们还研究了态度的个体差异以及一般态度和特定态度之间的关系。总体而言，智力残疾研究人员和与残疾人关系密切的研究人员的态度与残疾人权利原则是一致的。全球对智力残疾成人的态度的某些方面预示了对他们参与研究的更具体的态度。讨论了影响。

引用次数: 45

Choice-making among Medicaid HCBS and ICF/MR recipients in six states. 六个州医疗补助HCBS和ICF/MR受助人的选择。

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2008-09-01 DOI: 10.1352/2008.113.325-342

K Charlie Lakin, Robert Doljanac, Soo-Yong Byun, Roger Stancliffe, Sarah Taub, Giuseppina Chiri

Choice in everyday decisions and in support-related decisions was addressed among 2,398 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities receiving Medicaid Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) and Intermediate Care Facility (ICF/MR) services and living in non family settings in six states. Everyday choice in daily life and in support-related choice was considerably higher on average for HCBS than for ICF/MR recipients, but after controlling for level of intellectual disability, medical care needs, mobility, behavioral and psychiatric conditions, and self-reporting, we found that choice was more strongly associated with living in a congregate setting than whether that setting was HCBS- or ICF/MR-financed. Marked differences in choice were also evident between states.

在六个州接受医疗补助家庭和社区服务(HCBS)和中间护理设施(ICF/MR)服务并生活在非家庭环境中的2,398名智力和发育障碍成年人中，研究了日常决策和支持相关决策的选择。与ICF/MR受助人相比，HCBS受助人在日常生活中的日常选择和与支持相关的选择的平均水平要高得多，但在控制了智力残疾水平、医疗保健需求、流动性、行为和精神状况以及自我报告之后，我们发现选择与生活在一个聚集的环境中比生活在一个由HCBS或ICF/MR资助的环境中更强烈地相关。各州之间的选择也存在明显差异。

引用次数: 32

Selective attention deficits associated with mild cognitive impairment and early stage Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome. 唐氏综合征成人轻度认知障碍和早期阿尔茨海默病相关的选择性注意缺陷

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2008-09-01 DOI: 10.1352/2008.113:369-386

Sharon J Krinsky-McHale, Darlynne A Devenny, Phyllis Kittler, Wayne Silverman

Adults with Down syndrome and early stage Alzheimer's disease showed decline in their ability to selectively attend to stimuli in a multitrial cancellation task. They also showed variability in their performance over the test trials, whereas healthy participants showed stability. These changes in performance were observed approximately 2 years prior to a physician's diagnosis of possible Alzheimer's disease, which was made when they were exhibiting declines in episodic memory suggestive of mild cognitive impairment. Performance on this task varied with the evolution of dementia, showed modestly good sensitivity and specificity, and was relatively easy to administer. Given these qualities this task could be a valuable addition to a neuropsychological battery intended for the assessment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome.

在一项多试验取消任务中，患有唐氏综合症和早期阿尔茨海默病的成年人表现出选择性地关注刺激的能力下降。在测试试验中，他们的表现也表现出变异性，而健康的参与者则表现出稳定性。这些表现上的变化是在医生诊断为阿尔茨海默病的大约2年前观察到的，当时他们表现出情景记忆的下降，暗示着轻微的认知障碍。这项任务的表现随着痴呆症的发展而变化，表现出适度的良好敏感性和特异性，并且相对容易管理。考虑到这些特点，这项任务可能是一个有价值的神经心理学电池的补充，旨在评估患有唐氏综合症的成年人的轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病。

引用次数: 57

Parent training for young children with developmental disabilities: randomized controlled trial. 幼儿发育障碍家长培训:随机对照试验。

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2008-09-01 DOI: 10.1352/2008.113:356-368

Laura Lee McIntyre

A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate a parent training intervention for caregivers with preschool-age children with developmental disabilities. The 21 families in the experimental group received usual care plus the 12-week Incredible Years Parent Training Program with developmental delay modifications. Families in the control group (n = 23) received usual care, including early childhood education and related services. Results suggest that this parent training intervention was superior to usual care for young children with developmental delays or disabilities in reducing negative parent-child interactions and child behavior problems. Participants in the experimental group indicated high satisfaction with treatment. Additional research is necessary to document maintenance and generalization of treatment outcomes.

一项随机对照试验用于评估父母培训干预学龄前发育障碍儿童的照顾者。实验组的21个家庭接受常规护理，再加上为期12周的发育迟缓家长培训计划。对照组(n = 23)家庭接受常规护理，包括幼儿教育及相关服务。结果表明，这种父母训练干预在减少幼儿不良亲子互动和儿童行为问题方面优于常规护理。实验组患者对治疗的满意度较高。需要进一步的研究来证明治疗结果的维持和推广。

引用次数: 191

Symptoms and behavior problems of adolescents and adults with autism: effects of mother-child relationship quality, warmth, and praise. 青少年和成人自闭症的症状和行为问题:母子关系质量、温暖和赞美的影响。

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

Pub Date : 2008-09-01 DOI: 10.1352/2008.113:387-402

Leann E Smith, Jan S Greenberg, Marsha Mailick Seltzer, Jinkuk Hong

Using a cross-lagged panel design, we investigated the impact of positive family processes on change in autism symptoms and behaviors. A sample of 149 co-residing mothers and their adolescent or adult child with autism was drawn from a large, longitudinal study. Maternal warmth and praise were measured using coded speech samples in which mothers talked about their son or daughter. A high level of relationship quality was associated with subsequent reductions in internalizing and externalizing problems as well as reductions in impairments in social reciprocity and repetitive behaviors. Maternal warmth and praise were also related to symptom abatement in the repetitive behaviors domain.

采用交叉滞后面板设计，我们调查了积极的家庭过程对自闭症症状和行为改变的影响。从一项大型的纵向研究中抽取了149名共同居住的母亲及其患有自闭症的青少年或成年子女的样本。母亲的温暖和赞美是通过母亲谈论自己儿子或女儿的编码语言样本来测量的。高水平的关系质量与随后内在化和外在化问题的减少以及社会互惠和重复行为的损害的减少有关。母亲的温暖和表扬也与重复行为领域的症状减轻有关。

引用次数: 126

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

American journal of mental retardation : AJMR

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀