Journal de parodontologie最新文献

The macrophages have an important function in the presentation of the antigen to the T lymphocytes. This presentation mandatory for the activation of the T lymphocytes is described. The Langerhans cells also play a role in the antigen presentation. These cells especially in the oral mucosa have been studied during the last years.

The host response to the bacterial challenge varies from patients to patient. This paper deals with the protein profiles of patients suffering from different periodontal diseases. It is suggested that these profiles may help in diagnosing the given disease.

It is generally assumed that early onset forms of periodontal disease (including Juvenile and Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis) are associated with a defect in neutrophil behaviour. We have investigated neutrophil functions in patients with Juvenile (J.P.) and Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis (R.P.P.). In the group of J.P. patients the directed mobility (FMLP and zymosan activated plasma) is significantly decreased. The superoxide generation in response to FMLP decreases while the PMA response is normal. In the group of R.P.P. patients no significant abnormality has been reported.

A myriad of mediators of inflammation are involved in the onset and progress of periodontal disease. The exact roles of some of them are understood nowadays. In this paper, the current knowledge on the products of the arachidonic acid cascade (i.e. prostaglandins and leukotrienes) is reviewed. The main interests of these mediators are in their potential in diagnosing the phases of activity of periodontitis and the therapeutic prospects that their inhibition open up.

Periodontal diseases are bacteria associated diseases. The host response to these bacteria is critical. Non specific defense mechanisms are mainly mediated by the polymorphonuclear neutrophil which out numbers the others crevicular leucocytes. This paper reviews the beneficial and possible detrimental aspect of the neutrophil functions.

The immune response is now proved to be of great importance in the control of periodontal diseases. The predominant role of T lymphocytes in the mechanisms of specific immunity is admitted and is related to the functions of effectors T cells and T-helper cells, controlling the response of macrophages and the antibody production. The relations between the evolution of the disease and the tissular T/B and T4/T8 ratio and the lymphocyte function tests are discussed.

Four groups of mice, each of a different genotype, were orally inoculated with Actinomyces viscosus. The resulting periodontal bone loss was monitored and the isotype specific anti-A. viscosus serum humoral immune responses measured by ELISA. Maximum periodontal bone loss occurred in all genotypes with inoculation of 1.6 x 107 colony forming units of A. viscosus. IgG and IgM isotype levels increased with inoculation of 1.6 x 107 colony forming units of A. viscosus in three of the four groups, indicating that IgA may be important in producing periodontal bone loss.

Fourteen subjects were examined for lactoferrin content in PMNs of venous blood. Eight of the subjects were diagnosed localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) and four adult periodontitis (AP), all having subgingival occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.). Two subjects had healthy gingival conditions and no detectable A.a. Deficiency or low PMN lactoferrin amounts were found in six of the eight subjects with LJP and in two of the subjects with AP. The reduced lactoferrin content in the PMNs was suggested to be depending on a cytotoxic factor produced by A.a. adding to an intrinsic PMN defect.

A survey was done at the Center of Child Readaptation at Flavigny (Meurthe-et-Moselle) to determine the effect of a mouth rinse containing 0.03% sanguinaria extract, on the plaque accumulation and gingivitis of 30 children 8 to 17 years old. 13 children had a motricity handicap of their superior members and 17 did not. All subjects rinsed their mouths twice with 15 ml of solution each time. The mouth rinses were performed in the morning and in the evening during three weeks. The children were photographed and examined using the P1I and GI indices on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 35. No statistical significant difference was observed at any moment between children with or without handicapped upper limbs. After 3 weeks of treatment the Plaque Index had decreased 47.3% and Gingival Index 55.6%.

A major research problem over the past 10 years is to obtain a new attachment after treatment of roots previously exposed to periodontal disease. Among the most recent studies, two main objectives of surgery are suggested: a selection of cell population and to arrest epithelial migration by guided tissue regeneration with a membrane, and a biological and chemical root preparation with citric acid and fibronectin. A technique for the treatment of deep osseous lesion is put forward here: the association of biodegradable membrane--natural coral--citric acid and fibronectin.