Journal de parodontologie最新文献

The incidence of Juvenile Periodontitis was studied in 1600 patients residing in Ille et Vilaine, France. The diagnosis was established by the use of panoramic radiography on orthodontic patients. Among this population of patients only 3 cases of Juvenile Periodontitis were found. This incidence of 0.187% is similar to that found in other industrialized countries.

Cyclosporine A selectively inhibits T cell function with minimal effect on humoral immunity. It is largely used with success in kidney transplants. A clinical case of gingival overgrowth secondary to cyclosporine therapy in a 11 year old male who received a kidney transplant is reported. Surgical excision of the excess tissue, light and electron microscopic study are accomplished.

The macrophages have an important function in the presentation of the antigen to the T lymphocytes. This presentation mandatory for the activation of the T lymphocytes is described. The Langerhans cells also play a role in the antigen presentation. These cells especially in the oral mucosa have been studied during the last years.

The host response to the bacterial challenge varies from patients to patient. This paper deals with the protein profiles of patients suffering from different periodontal diseases. It is suggested that these profiles may help in diagnosing the given disease.

It is generally assumed that early onset forms of periodontal disease (including Juvenile and Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis) are associated with a defect in neutrophil behaviour. We have investigated neutrophil functions in patients with Juvenile (J.P.) and Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis (R.P.P.). In the group of J.P. patients the directed mobility (FMLP and zymosan activated plasma) is significantly decreased. The superoxide generation in response to FMLP decreases while the PMA response is normal. In the group of R.P.P. patients no significant abnormality has been reported.

The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction is the in vitro expression of the regulation of the immune response. This article deals with the current knowledge of the subject and try to demonstrate that the mixed lymphocyte reaction is modified during some of the periodontal diseases.

A myriad of mediators of inflammation are involved in the onset and progress of periodontal disease. The exact roles of some of them are understood nowadays. In this paper, the current knowledge on the products of the arachidonic acid cascade (i.e. prostaglandins and leukotrienes) is reviewed. The main interests of these mediators are in their potential in diagnosing the phases of activity of periodontitis and the therapeutic prospects that their inhibition open up.

HLA system plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response. Association between HLA genes and disease has been shown for several disorders, in particular auto-immune diseases. HLA system may also be associated with periodontal diseases. It has been suggested that HLA-A2 is related to resistance in juvenile periodontitis and A9 to susceptibility in juvenile periodontitis (JP) and rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). DR2, DR4 and DQw1 may also be susceptibility factors in JP and RPP. If implicated in periodontal diseases, HLA system may be associated with low or non-responsiveness to plaque bacterial antigens which could result in disease progression.

Bacteria and their products play a key role in the etiology of periodontitis. They activate the host immunologic system which produces specific immunoglobulins (Ig). Mainly IgA, IgG and IgM are found in the oral environment, in the saliva IgA are present as secretory IgA. In case of periodontitis, the tissular destruction could be practically explained by spontaneous hypersensibility reactions which may contribute to deteriorate the periodontal tissues. Considering the complexity of the factors involved in periodontal inflammation (i.e. bacterial variety, difference of properties, patient's individuality, difference of analysis methods), the question of the exact role played by the antibodies still remains open.

The host response to exogenous antigen involves a complex series of interactions amongst macrophages, lymphocytes and other cells of the inflammatory system. Many, if not all, of these interactions are mediated by small molecular weight polypeptides known as cytokines. These key mediators of the host response include the interleukins, tumor necrosis factors and interferons. The biological properties of interleukin-1, -2, -4 and -6 are discussed and proposals made regarding their possible role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.