Prakticke zubni lekarstvi最新文献

The authors discuss the basic process on which the principle of fluoridation in based--i.e. the mutual exchange of F- ions and the OH- group in hydroxyapatite of enamel. Model investigations assessing the energy difference between hydroxyapatite and F- and fluorapatite and the OH- group indicate that fluorapatite tends to release steadily fluoride ions and to change into hydroxyapatite. This tendency, apparently inopportune from the aspects of caries prevention, ensures, however, a permanent low F- level above the enamel surface. The presence of F- ions facilitates recrystalization of apatite in the initial caries stage. The investigation tries to throw new light, from the point of view of theoretical chemistry at a molecular level, on the mechanism of remineralization, one of the most important ways which implements the preventive action of fluoride.

New dental materials and their combinations increase the aesthetic and functional quality of treatment. A great improvement in the aesthetic treatment of discoloured teeth is the use of dental ceramic combined with composites.

The authors summarize findings pertaining to overhanging approximate amalgam fillings and associated problems. They describe the most frequent causes of incorrect preparation of amalgam fillings, Black's class II, and their incidence in common dental practice. From data in the literature ensues that overhanging fillings on molars and premolars are an important secondary factor in inflammation of the periodontium. Insertion of an adequate approximate amalgam filling and its finish after hardening is one of the basic preventive measures in marginal periodontopathies.

The authors made dental examinations in old age pensioners selected at random who were hospitalized in the Institute for the chronically sick in the Faculty Hospital with Policlinic in Olomouc. The group of hospitalized patients was compared with a random sample of pensioners treated at the prosthetic department of the Second Stomatological Clinic in Olomouc. The investigation revealed the necessity of dental treatment and treatment of the oral cavity in hospitalized patients. This applies in particular to partial removable dentures, total dentures and improvement of hygiene of the oral cavity. In the group of patients treated at the dental out-patient department it is important to improve in the first place the hygiene of the oral cavity.

The author focused his attention on orthodontic adjustment of the consequences of loss of the first permanent molars, a frequent complication during dental treatment. After evaluation of the results he concludes that by treatment with fixed appliances he achieved more reliable results within a shorter time than by removable appliances which were ineffective in many patients.

The author describes an incorrect therapeutic procedure involving excessive filling of a root penetrating into the mandibular canal as a complication of treatment of root canals.

The authors analyze the development of work incapacity in ambulatory patients treated in 1979-1987 by sex, age and period of work incapacity. They used graphic illustrations of time series with a regression line which indicates a rising or declining trend of work incapacity. The analysis revealed that the work incapacity has, with the exception of men aged 15-24 years, a rising trend in particular in women. According the authors this can be partly explained by changes and extension of therapeutic activities in ambulatory surgeries. Certain reserves are also in the planning of therapeutic procedures and control activity.

The quality of the marginal sealing of fillings made from Evicrol in vitro was investigated by means of a couloured indicator. The close adherence of the composite filing to the surface of the tooth was ensured by the by micro retention treatment of the marginal enamel and different dentin adhesives. The thermal strain of filling materials and their combination with the tooth, corresponding roughly to conditions in the oral cavity, was modelled by cyclic temperature changes using a special apparatus designed by the authors.

The authors give an account of the types of active and passive immunotherapy in malignomas. Based on data in the literature they evaluate its possibilities in clinically used and perspective methods. For practical use in the orofacial region they emphasize the necessity to follow up tumour markers.

In 228 patients treated at the Second Stomatological Clinic on account of difficult opening of the mouth after failure of rehabilitation treatment surgical treatment--redressment had to be used. In two patients it was necessary to amputate the muscular processus of the mandible and to eliminate adhesion. The authors describe the method of one-stage redressment which they perform under general anaesthesia and myorelaxation during short-term hospitalization of the patient. They evaluate this method in indicated cases as very satisfactory as it has an immediate and permanent therapeutic effects.