Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias最新文献

Fixed-bed columns are a well-established water purification technology. Several models have been constructed over the decades to scale up and predict the breakthrough curve of an adsorption column varying the flow rate, length, and initial concentration of solute. In this work, we proposed using an emerging computational approach of a physic-informed neural network (PINN) that uses artificial intelligence to solve the partial differential equation model of adsorption. The effectiveness of this approach is compared with finite-volume methods and experimental data. We also couple the PINN with a sampling importance resampling particle filter, a Bayesian technique that allows the filter and estimate states of the process, quantifying uncertainties of experimental measurements. The results shows physic-informed neural network capability in solving the proposed model and its uses as an evolution model for sequential estimation.

In 2000, the first draft of PhyloCode was made public, an alternative naming code that does not follow Linnaean rankings and is based on the phylogenetic relationships of taxa in cladograms. In this study, the impact of the PhyloCode on scientific literature was analyzed from its first appearance in the literature to 2021. We investigated the areas that have most assimilated the proposal, the criticisms that have arisen over time, and whether there has been growing adherence to it up to the present day. The analyzed data were obtained from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database, where 121 articles that used or discussed the PhyloCode were found. Initially, there was an increase in publications, but in mid-2004, there was a downward trend, which was more noticeable after 2008. Results suggest that despite the criticisms, the proposal has been used in research in several areas, mainly in Zoology and Botany, as an alternative to the Linnaean ranking system. Most articles have been published in Systematics and Taxonomy and discuss the functionality of the proposed code. Despite the proposal's potential, its acceptance can be considered relatively low and it still generates discussions, just like any scientific novelty.

A new approach in the finite difference framework is developed, which consists of three steps: choosing the dimension of the local approximation subspace, constructing a vector basis for this subspace, and determining the coefficients of the linear combination. New schemes were developed to form the basis of the local approximation subspace, which were derived by approximating only the k 2 u term of the Helmholtz equation. The construction of a basis of the local approximation subspace allows the new approach to be able to represent any finite difference scheme that belongs to this subspace. The new method is both consistent and capable of minimizing the dispersion relation for all stencils in all dimensions. In the one-dimensional case and 3-point stencil, pollution error is eliminated. In the two-dimensional (2D) case and 5-point stencil, the Complete Centered Finite Difference Method presents a dispersion relation equivalent to Galerkin/Least-Squares Finite Element Method. In the 2D case and 9-point stencil, two versions were developed using two different bases for the local approximation space. Both versions are equivalent and exhibit a dispersion relation similar to Quasi Stabilized Finite Element Method. Additionally, the dispersion analysis revealed a connection between the coefficients of the linear system and the stencil symmetry.

Commercial fisheries data often lacks the controlled environment of traditional experiments. In this note, we explore the limitations and strengths of observational and quasi-experimental approaches in fisheries science, discussing the challenges of establishing causality, space-time pseudo-replication, and the impact of fishing-induced evolution.

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using ground soybean hulls and white oat grains to finish steers reared exclusively on concentrated feed. We used 33 steers, predominantly of Charolais or Nellore breeds, and randomly assigned the animals to the treatments, blocking them according to genetic predominance. The diets were isonitrogenous, and the treatments consisted of soybean hulls, white oats, and mix these in equal parts, supplemented with calcitic limestone and a protein nucleus. The study measured variables related to the dry matter intake (DMI) and bromatological fractions of diets, as well as performance of steers. No significant differences were observed between treatments in terms of DMI during the experimental period. Although DMI intake was similar across treatments, steers receiving the mixed diet exhibited significantly higher weight gain than those on the soybean hull diet (1.300 vs. 0.972 kg day-1). However, both these treatments showed comparable results to the white oat grain diet (1.203 kg day-1), achieving a similar final weight (387.22 kg). Implementing 100% concentrate diets is technically feasible for steers fed with white oat grain and the mixture of soybean hull and white oat grain, which also demonstrated superior performance compared to the soybean hull treatment.

In Brazil, most of cereal production is concentrated in the Cerrado which is characterized by poor soils. Thus, the soil fertility management is important for suitable use of Cerrado's soils. After 40 years of increasing use of Cerrado for agricultural purposes, this work aimed to evaluate the soil fertility of a representative area known as Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba (TMAP) mesoregion. Different land uses from 126 farms were selected for soil sampling and assessed the following properties: pH; exchangeable Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+; available P, K+, S, B, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn; soil organic matter (SOM); and cation exchange capacity (CEC) effective and potential at pH 7.0. Land uses improved the soil fertility properties compared to native Cerrado vegetation, except planted forests. The pH increased and Al3+ was neutralized, however, satisfactory contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were not reached. CEC is still considered low to medium, since SOM was not significantly increased. Available P, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents increased, being considered satisfactory. In general, our findings suggest that the nutrients can be considered adequate for crop production and sustainability. However, continuous monitoring for maintenance of soil fertility and adoption of best management practices are needed.

The pathogenesis of dog's bacterial rhinitis is poorly understudied. Bergeyella zoohelcum was isolated from an animal with chronic rhinitis as primary agent. The bacterium identification was performed by both MALDI-TOF and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The phylogenetic relationship of the strain inside de genera was demonstrated, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and the ability of biofilm formation. We highlight the virulence profile of the B. zoohelcum in, to the best of our knowledge, the first identification of B. zoohelcum as causal agent of bacterial rhinitis in dogs.

There are about 80 species of wild edible mushroom that certainly occur in Brazil and can be used as a natural source of food and medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro mycelial development in culture media at different temperatures and substrates for cultivation of the edible mushroom species Auricularia fuscosuccinea and Laetiporus gilbertsonii. Additionally, the cultivation and the nutritional composition of A. fuscosuccinea mushrooms were evaluated. The two best wild strains of each species were selected for the in vitro cultivation experiment in two different substrates. Furthermore, an axenic cultivation on sawdust was conduct and the basidiomata produced were evaluated on their nutritional composition. The temperatures that best favored the mycelial growth were 30 °C for A. fuscosuccinea and 25 °C and 30 °C for L. gilbertsonii. The mycelium of both species developed better in the sterile Eucalyptus sawdust substrate. Despite the success in cultivating the mycelium of L. gilbertsonii, it was not possible to obtain basidioma for this species. On the other hand, it was possible to produce basidiomata of the two tested wild strains of A. fuscosuccinea.

Designing ecological corridors studies are much more common than studies that evaluate the effectiveness and practicality of implementation. Thus, this study aimed to identify and discuss factors that can influence the implementation of ecological corridors designed from a multicriteria analysis. For this purpose, the ecological corridor implementation efforts of a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in an Atlantic Forest region were evaluated. The following information about the restoration projects was collected from the NGO database: georeferenced restoration polygons, restoration technique, project size, motivation, and land use tenure characteristics of the restoration site. Restoration polygons were spatially referenced to the planned corridor areas and classified according to land use and land cover, slope, distance to roads and occurrence in Permanent Preservation Areas. The NGO implemented 455.0 hectares of restoration, with only 10.7% within proposed corridors. NGO projects were concentrated on ecological restoration, which presents significant differences between ecological corridors. In practice, the implementation of restoration areas was primarily guided by the local characteristics of the landscape, project's constraints and the will and interest of rural landowners in restoring their properties. This differs from its planning, in which social and economic aspects were not considered and only the environmental variables were taken into.

Sanionia uncinata, or Sickle-leaved-Hook-moss, is a cosmopolitan pleurocarpous moss composing the Antarctic Peninsulae biodiversity, primordially forming dense mats over rocks. The species was collected in 24 different spots located at King George Island and was processed to obtain 24 ethanolic extracts (ADS#) by a serial-24h-maceration, which were prospected for antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activities by using in vitro tests. Alien material was removed from the non-sterilized plant samples before being submitted for extraction. It was observed that extracts collected in different spots showed different biological activities. Extracts ADS04(10.66±0,17mm) and ADS14(11.37±0,11mm) were active against Staphylococcus aureus, according to the diffusion in bioautography assay. They showed significant antioxidant activity and inhibited AChE; the cytotoxicity observed to the human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were higher than in normal cell line MCF-10A. ADS04 was 7.62 times more cytotoxic to MCF-7, and ADS14 was 2.03 times more cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 than to MCF-10A. The extracts showed similar cytotoxicity between PC-3, a human prostate cancer cell line, and MCF-10A. Sanionia uncinata extracts are a vital potential source of biologically active compounds, particularly ADS04 and ADS14, including further prospection on eventual bryophyte's endophytic fungi.