Anatomical Science International最新文献

The suprascapular notch is one of the anatomical sites most commonly exposed to compressive and traction injuries of the suprascapular nerve. In this preliminary study, we aimed to evaluate the morphological and morphometric features of the notch to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes of nerve compression. This retrospective study was conducted using computed tomography images of the scapula obtained between January 1, 2022, and August 30, 2024. A total of 852 scapulae were evaluated, of which 448 belonged to males and 404 to females. Morphometric measurements included superior transverse diameter, middle transverse diameter, and maximal depth of the notch. In addition, the notch was classified using both the Polguj and Rengachary classification systems. When the measurement parameters were compared between genders, the values were higher in males; however, only the maximal depth showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). According to the Polguj classification, Type 3 was the most common (63.38%). Based on the Rengachary classification, the U-shaped form was the most frequently observed (65.02%), while the J-shaped form was the rarest (3.41%). The foramen shape was detected in 5.75% of cases. The J-shaped variant was found to be approximately four times more common in males than in females. Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the notch is likely to be beneficial for both endoscopic and open surgical interventions in the suprascapular region. In particular, three-dimensional computed tomography imaging may be useful in preoperative planning for arthroscopic resection of ossified ligament.

This paper describes a novel and previously unreported variation of the aortoiliac arterial tree, discovered incidentally during the angiography of a patient with suspected peripheral arterial disease. The abdominal aorta trifurcated into two external iliac arteries and one common internal iliac trunk, which descended along the midline axis of the abdominal aorta before dividing into two internal iliac arteries. Variations in the aortoiliac division are exceedingly rare, with embryological evidence suggesting that this anomaly may have resulted from the convergence of the umbilical arteries along the midline during later stages of development, after the external iliac arteries had branched off.

The anatomy of the left colic artery (LCA) is subject to a considerable level of variability, both in its origin, branching pattern, and location in the abdominal cavity. Due to this variability, many studies have tried to describe the vascular anatomy of this anatomical entity using various classifications. It is hoped that the results of the present study may aid surgeons in increasing their anatomical knowledge relevant to colorectal surgeries. A retrospective analysis, including 75 consecutive patients, was conducted to assess the anatomical and morphometric variations of the LCA. Finally, a total of 67 LCAs were included in this study. The majority of the LCA originated directly (N = 48; 71.64%) or indirectly via the colo-sigmoid trunk (N = 18; 26.87%) from the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). The most common variation of the LCA, according to the Yada, or analogical Wang, classification, was found to be Type I (N = 28; 50.00%). The median diameter of the LCA at its origin was found to be 2.12 mm (LQ = 1.77; HQ = 2.51). The median cross-sectional area of the LCA at its origin was set to be 3.38 mm2 (LQ = 2.29; HQ = 4.33). In conclusion, this study provides a detailed analysis of the anatomical and morphometric variations of the LCA, offering valuable insights for improving the safety and effectiveness of colorectal surgeries, particularly during procedures involving ligation of the IMA. These results emphasize the need for thorough preoperative imaging and anatomical understanding to minimize the risk of iatrogenic injury. Preserving the LCA during low ligation of the IMA is shown to be crucial for maintaining adequate blood supply to the remaining bowel, reducing the risk of ischemia, and ensuring better patient outcomes.

The present case report aims to present tendon variations of the extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis brevis and fibularis tertius. During routine dissection classes for anatomy training, accessory tendon variations were observed in both feet of a 76-year-old male Caucasian cadaver. The accessory tendons were made visible by excising the surrounding tissues. A single bilateral accessory tendon arising from the fibularis brevis, passing through the canal within the fibularis tertius tendons and ending in the dorsal aponeurosis of the fifth toe, was observed as well as a bilateral single accessory tendon originating from the extensor hallucis longus and ending on the dorsomedial side of the first metatarsophalangeal joint capsule. We came across a unilateral (right side) double accessory tendon arising from the extensor digitorum longus and ending on the body of the fifth metatarsal bone. Additionally, we detected bilateral double tendon at the insertion of the fibularis tertius on the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. These four muscles are of clinical importance because the extensor hallucis longus is used in the correction of hallux varus deformity, the fibularis brevis is used for tendon transfer in Achilles tendon ruptures, and the fibularis tertius and the extensor digitorum longus tendons are used to correct drop foot deformity. Therefore, knowing the variations of these muscles will be beneficial to clinicians.

In the literature, research often utilizes digital segmentation methods like VolBrain, aiding in anatomical understanding. However, racial and population-specific differences remain unclear but may be important for clinical interpretation. We seek to enhance clinical perspectives by providing normative data and insights into hippocampal morphology, potentially advancing diagnostic and prognostic methodologies in neurological disorders. We think that it is necessary to discuss the reported asymmetry data by VolBrain. There might be inaccuracies or inconsistencies in how asymmetry is measured and reported. MRIs of the 138 healthy individuals (66 females, 72 males) were included. The VolBrain-HIPS pipeline was preferred for automatic segmentation. Alternative methods were recruited, including the total hippocampal volume for the adjustment of the volumetric data. Asymmetry index was accepted as the indicator of the magnitude of the asymmetry and negative asymmetry index data was positivized. Gender and side comparisons of the hippocampal data were presented not only for absolute measurement but also for the adjusted volumetric data. Comparisons for the magnitude of the asymmetry were carried out as well as the regression modeling based on age and gender. Hippocampus-adjusted volume information should also be considered when analyzing VolBrain data and making clinical or anatomical decisions. The asymmetry data produced by VolBrain should be considered as a magnitude scale of the asymmetry in individuals with right or left dominant hippocampus or hippocampus subfield. Alternative significant regression models were introduced to observe how the volumetric numerical composition of the hippocampus subfields changes with age.

The vertebral artery (VA) demonstrates considerable variability, including infrequent morphologic variants like double origin. The current imaging report presents an atypical case of a dual origin of a left vertebral artery (LVA), which was identified incidentally during routine computed tomography angiography of a 51-year-old male patient. The typical LVA originated from the left subclavian artery (LSCA), and the other one was an aberrant LVA (ALVA) that arose from the aortic arch (AA) in between the left common carotid artery (LCCA) and the LSCA. The two vessels (LVA and ALVA) converged proximally to the transverse process of the C6 vertebra. The embryological explanation for this variant likely pertains to the persistence of primitive dorsal aortic segments and intersegmental arteries. Although rare, with a prevalence of 0.1%, the occurrence of LVA double origin may have significant clinical implications, including alterations in hemodynamics, an increased risk of VA dissection, and complications during surgical or endovascular procedures. The identification of such variants through preoperative imaging is essential to prevent iatrogenic complications.

Presently, a few brachioradialis muscle (BR) variants have been reported, mainly concerning their inserting tendons or the accessory forms (accessory BR muscles). During a routine dissection of a 74-year-old female donated cadaver, a unique muscle variant was observed unilaterally. An aberrant origin of the BR from the lateral head of the triceps brachii was identified on the left arm. The radial nerve (RN) superficial branch coursed posteriorly to the BR before obtaining its superficial position. On the right arm, the BR was typical. So far, some of the BR variants in its origins have been reported, such as arising from the muscular belly of the brachialis or the insertion of the deltoid muscle. Thus, the present variant could be a worth noting rare case. Furthermore, the posterior position of the RN superficial branch could have potential clinical significance and may cause entrapment neuropathy.