Background: Schistosomiasis, caused by the parasitic worm Schistosoma haematobium, is a significant public health concern in Nigeria. Understanding the prevalence of this infection is crucial for implementing effective control measures. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium among patients attending Gumel General Hospital in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Aim: Determine the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infections among patients attending Gumel General Hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 urine samples were collected from patients at Gumel General Hospital. The collected urine samples were examined in the Biology laboratory of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. Physical and microscopic analyses were conducted using the filtration technique to identify Schistosoma infections. Results: The microscopic examination revealed that males had a higher infection rate (2.5%) than females (1.6%). However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the infection rates in males and females. Notably, the age group of 10-18 years recorded all positive cases in the study. The overall prevalence of 4.1% indicated that Schistosoma haematobium was less prevalent in the study area. Conclusion: The study provided valuable insights into the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium in Gumel, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The higher infection rate among males warrants attention, and further research should explore neighboring areas for a comprehensive understanding of the disease's distribution. Additionally, efforts should be made to diagnose and treat infected individuals promptly to prevent further spread of the infection.
{"title":"Prevalence Of Urinary Schistosoma Among Population Aged 1-18 Years Attending Gumel General Hospital, Jigawa State Of Nigeria","authors":"Umar Usman, B. Suraka, Abba Sabo, Aminu Tijjani","doi":"10.55940/medphar202334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar202334","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Schistosomiasis, caused by the parasitic worm Schistosoma haematobium, is a significant public health concern in Nigeria. Understanding the prevalence of this infection is crucial for implementing effective control measures. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium among patients attending Gumel General Hospital in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Aim: Determine the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infections among patients attending Gumel General Hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 urine samples were collected from patients at Gumel General Hospital. The collected urine samples were examined in the Biology laboratory of Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. Physical and microscopic analyses were conducted using the filtration technique to identify Schistosoma infections. Results: The microscopic examination revealed that males had a higher infection rate (2.5%) than females (1.6%). However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the infection rates in males and females. Notably, the age group of 10-18 years recorded all positive cases in the study. The overall prevalence of 4.1% indicated that Schistosoma haematobium was less prevalent in the study area. Conclusion: The study provided valuable insights into the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium in Gumel, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The higher infection rate among males warrants attention, and further research should explore neighboring areas for a comprehensive understanding of the disease's distribution. Additionally, efforts should be made to diagnose and treat infected individuals promptly to prevent further spread of the infection.","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"381 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78448937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cabergoline is a potent dopamine receptor agonist used primarily for the treatment of disorders related to dopamine dysregulation. It acts by stimulating dopamine receptors in various regions of the brain and has been approved for the management of hyperprolactinemia, Parkinson's disease, and restless legs syndrome. Its unique pharmacological profile and tolerability make it a valuable therapeutic option in the field of neurology and endocrinology. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of cabergoline as a dopamine receptor agonist in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia, Parkinson's disease, and restless legs syndrome. The study also aimed to evaluate the impact of cabergoline on disease-specific symptoms and quality of life in patients with these conditions. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses from reputable databases. Key search terms included "Cabergoline," "dopamine receptor agonist," "hyperprolactinemia," "Parkinson's disease," and "restless legs syndrome." Studies involving adult patients and reporting relevant outcomes, including symptom improvement and adverse events, were considered for analysis. Results: The analysis revealed that cabergoline effectively reduced prolactin levels in patients with hyperprolactinemia, leading to improvements in associated symptoms such as menstrual irregularities and galactorrhea. In Parkinson's disease, cabergoline demonstrated promising results in ameliorating motor symptoms, including rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremors. Additionally, studies investigating its role in restless legs syndrome showed a reduction in sensory and motor symptoms, leading to enhanced sleep quality. The drug's side effect profile was generally well-tolerated, with mild adverse events reported. Conclusion: Cabergoline, as a dopamine receptor agonist, emerges as a valuable therapeutic option for hyperprolactinemia, Parkinson's disease, and restless legs syndrome. It effectively addresses specific symptoms associated with these conditions and shows potential for improving patients' quality of life. The drug's favorable tolerability further supports its use in clinical practice. However, careful monitoring and further research are necessary to fully elucidate its long-term safety and effectiveness. Cabergoline's role in the treatment landscape of dopamine-related disorders holds promise for future advancements in neurology and endocrinology.
{"title":"Cabergoline - Dopamine Receptor Agonist","authors":"Kondeti Venkata Surya Siva Kumar, Saripella Latha Sree, Saripella Jaya Sree","doi":"10.55940/medphar202346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar202346","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cabergoline is a potent dopamine receptor agonist used primarily for the treatment of disorders related to dopamine dysregulation. It acts by stimulating dopamine receptors in various regions of the brain and has been approved for the management of hyperprolactinemia, Parkinson's disease, and restless legs syndrome. Its unique pharmacological profile and tolerability make it a valuable therapeutic option in the field of neurology and endocrinology. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of cabergoline as a dopamine receptor agonist in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia, Parkinson's disease, and restless legs syndrome. The study also aimed to evaluate the impact of cabergoline on disease-specific symptoms and quality of life in patients with these conditions. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses from reputable databases. Key search terms included \"Cabergoline,\" \"dopamine receptor agonist,\" \"hyperprolactinemia,\" \"Parkinson's disease,\" and \"restless legs syndrome.\" Studies involving adult patients and reporting relevant outcomes, including symptom improvement and adverse events, were considered for analysis. Results: The analysis revealed that cabergoline effectively reduced prolactin levels in patients with hyperprolactinemia, leading to improvements in associated symptoms such as menstrual irregularities and galactorrhea. In Parkinson's disease, cabergoline demonstrated promising results in ameliorating motor symptoms, including rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremors. Additionally, studies investigating its role in restless legs syndrome showed a reduction in sensory and motor symptoms, leading to enhanced sleep quality. The drug's side effect profile was generally well-tolerated, with mild adverse events reported. Conclusion: Cabergoline, as a dopamine receptor agonist, emerges as a valuable therapeutic option for hyperprolactinemia, Parkinson's disease, and restless legs syndrome. It effectively addresses specific symptoms associated with these conditions and shows potential for improving patients' quality of life. The drug's favorable tolerability further supports its use in clinical practice. However, careful monitoring and further research are necessary to fully elucidate its long-term safety and effectiveness. Cabergoline's role in the treatment landscape of dopamine-related disorders holds promise for future advancements in neurology and endocrinology.","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80600441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Beshna, Samah Amir, Ramadan T. Swead, Khoulah A. Aldoubali, Ayah M. Ashour, Samar Benzaed, Abdurrahim A. Elouzi
Human exposure to solar radiation has significant public health implications. Warning of harm associated with overexposure to UV has been demonstrated in numerous Studies. The harmful ultraviolet radiation of sunlight can damage skin cells and affect the skin’s normal appearance. The short term effects associated with sun exposure include acute skin damage associated with changes such as sunburn, and the long term effects are delayed pigmentation, impaired vitamin D synthesis, altered immunological responses of the skin, and others. Sun protection is a key primary preventive strategy against skin cancer and skin damage induced by sun exposure. Sunscreens are cosmetic formulations withthe function of blocking ultraviolet (UV) radiation from penetrating the skin when it is exposed to it. Actually, they absorb or reflect the UV radiation on the skin exposed to sunlight and also help protect against sunburn or any other dangerous effect. The aim of the studywas to determine, evaluate the awareness and knowledge of UV radiation diseases,also the prevalence of sunscreen, attitudes and perceptions toward their use among University Medical Students in Zawia (Libya) were indicated. Data collection was done with the help of aspecial-designed, self-structured questionnaire, which was distributed among 100 samples. The majority (74%) of the sample participants were Pharmacy students, while 16% were Medicine students, and only 10% were Dentistry students. The results showed that 93% of participants had awareness or knowledge, of sun diseases, but only 7% lacked information of aboutradiation diseases. 71% of participants applied sunscreen, whereas 29% of participants did not apply sunscreen. The students at Zawia Medical University have adequate knowledge and were aware of the harmful effects of solar radiation exposure. Sunscreens are an important part of sun protective habits.Our study spotted that the need for future health education programs for our society that emphasis on the significant importance of sunscreen, in addition to the correct methods of application.
{"title":"Perception, knowledge and attitude of solar radiation diseases and use of sun screen among Al Zawia Medical University Students in Libya","authors":"E. Beshna, Samah Amir, Ramadan T. Swead, Khoulah A. Aldoubali, Ayah M. Ashour, Samar Benzaed, Abdurrahim A. Elouzi","doi":"10.55940/medphar202223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar202223","url":null,"abstract":"Human exposure to solar radiation has significant public health implications. Warning of harm associated with overexposure to UV has been demonstrated in numerous Studies. The harmful ultraviolet radiation of sunlight can damage skin cells and affect the skin’s normal appearance. The short term effects associated with sun exposure include acute skin damage associated with changes such as sunburn, and the long term effects are delayed pigmentation, impaired vitamin D synthesis, altered immunological responses of the skin, and others. Sun protection is a key primary preventive strategy against skin cancer and skin damage induced by sun exposure. Sunscreens are cosmetic formulations withthe function of blocking ultraviolet (UV) radiation from penetrating the skin when it is exposed to it. Actually, they absorb or reflect the UV radiation on the skin exposed to sunlight and also help protect against sunburn or any other dangerous effect. The aim of the studywas to determine, evaluate the awareness and knowledge of UV radiation diseases,also the prevalence of sunscreen, attitudes and perceptions toward their use among University Medical Students in Zawia (Libya) were indicated. Data collection was done with the help of aspecial-designed, self-structured questionnaire, which was distributed among 100 samples. The majority (74%) of the sample participants were Pharmacy students, while 16% were Medicine students, and only 10% were Dentistry students. The results showed that 93% of participants had awareness or knowledge, of sun diseases, but only 7% lacked information of aboutradiation diseases. 71% of participants applied sunscreen, whereas 29% of participants did not apply sunscreen. The students at Zawia Medical University have adequate knowledge and were aware of the harmful effects of solar radiation exposure. Sunscreens are an important part of sun protective habits.Our study spotted that the need for future health education programs for our society that emphasis on the significant importance of sunscreen, in addition to the correct methods of application.","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88367460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. The patient needs from the doctor things such as interest visual contact, empathy, of this and the most important thing is good treatment and diagnosis, However, the patient usually did not receive the level of requirement from their doctors. Objective. Evaluate the expected requirement regarding family history and other doctors and care providers, end find out what the patient expected from family physicians in multi- hospitals and health care centers in the middle east. Methods. We use a cross-sectional descriptive type of study in which observe and by questioners, we collect the data from the patient attending many hospitals, and health care center. In this questionnaire we ask about 10 questions about patient expectations and if the doctor meets this need or Not and all these data are receded and analyzed using data analysis programs such as excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v 20. Results. About 1461 patients are enrolled in this study most of them (91% female) the main age of the patient is about 31, and information about patient expectations was collected from 92% of the patient that enrolled in the study, skills, and information regarding care, interest listens and many other, and the problems were required Conclusions. After using the questions, we were able to follow up and document our patients who showed a great need for attention with regard to clinical interviews, and there was a noticeable lack of communication skills and the patient need for attention, prevention, and care from the health specialist or the family doctor
{"title":"Patient expectations regarding consultation with a family doctor: a cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Naji, Ali H. Alburghaif, Nour Khudair Saleh","doi":"10.55940/medphar20225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar20225","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The patient needs from the doctor things such as interest visual contact, empathy, of this and the most important thing is good treatment and diagnosis, However, the patient usually did not receive the level of requirement from their doctors. Objective. Evaluate the expected requirement regarding family history and other doctors and care providers, end find out what the patient expected from family physicians in multi- hospitals and health care centers in the middle east. Methods. We use a cross-sectional descriptive type of study in which observe and by questioners, we collect the data from the patient attending many hospitals, and health care center. In this questionnaire we ask about 10 questions about patient expectations and if the doctor meets this need or Not and all these data are receded and analyzed using data analysis programs such as excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v 20. Results. About 1461 patients are enrolled in this study most of them (91% female) the main age of the patient is about 31, and information about patient expectations was collected from 92% of the patient that enrolled in the study, skills, and information regarding care, interest listens and many other, and the problems were required Conclusions. After using the questions, we were able to follow up and document our patients who showed a great need for attention with regard to clinical interviews, and there was a noticeable lack of communication skills and the patient need for attention, prevention, and care from the health specialist or the family doctor","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83291593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urinary tract infection is more common in women than in men and is usually associated with a bacterial infection which causes bacteriuria as one of the symptoms/diagnoses of bacterial in-fection; however, asymptomatic bacterial infections sometimes do not need argent treatment, but in specific causes such as pregnancy may require medical intervention. This study analyzes 210 articles and relevant guidelines for Asymptomatic bacterial infection (bacteriuria) in pregnant women in the U.S., U.K., and Canada. Material and Methods: The pro-cedures are compared to the literature, including various studies on rates and cost-benefit analy-sis. In conclusion, several articles and guides prefer routinely testing pregnant in the first tri-mester.
{"title":"Asymptomatic Bacterial Infection in Pregnancy: A new update","authors":"M. Awad, Maher I. Elsahar","doi":"10.55940/medphar20228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar20228","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infection is more common in women than in men and is usually associated with a bacterial infection which causes bacteriuria as one of the symptoms/diagnoses of bacterial in-fection; however, asymptomatic bacterial infections sometimes do not need argent treatment, but in specific causes such as pregnancy may require medical intervention. This study analyzes 210 articles and relevant guidelines for Asymptomatic bacterial infection (bacteriuria) in pregnant women in the U.S., U.K., and Canada. Material and Methods: The pro-cedures are compared to the literature, including various studies on rates and cost-benefit analy-sis. In conclusion, several articles and guides prefer routinely testing pregnant in the first tri-mester.","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90837199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulgafar A. Abdulameer, Zainab N. Mohammed, K. T. Tawfeeq
Background: Subepithelial lesions (SELs) are incidental findings on endoscopies. Some have evil potential. Aim: Assess the prevalence, endoscopic characteristics, and diagnostic/therapeutic management of Sub-epithelial lesions (SELs) in video-gastroscopies (VGC). Materials and methods: All VGC for the period January 2011-June 2020 were included. Cases with missing data were excluded. Where a SELS was identified, the following was recorded: indication, age, sex, size, location and histology, findings from endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and surgical resection. Results: 55 SELS were evidenced in 7,983 patients (0.7%). 72% were women and the most common indication was dyspepsia (26%). The most frequent location was in the stomach (74%). The mean size was 16 mm (5-50 mm) and half were smaller than 10 mm. Seven presented ulcerated mucous, 4 were located in the gastric body and 86% were referred for gastrointestinal bleeding/anemia. In 26 cases of 55 (48%) standard biopsies were performed and in 6 of the 55 (11%) biopsies on biopsies, with no diagnostic yield. EUS was performed in 11% of them, all larger than 10 mm: 2 ectopic pancreases, 1 lesion compatible leiomyoma, 2 lesions of the muscularis propria (leiomyoma / GIST), and 1 extrinsic compression. No FNA was performed. All LSEs were managed conservatively. Conclusions: This is the first national study on the prevalence of SELS in the upper gastrointestinal tract and it was comparable to that of other series. The diagnostic yield of the biopsy was null. In most cases, the lesions were managed according to the recommendations of international guidelines.
{"title":"Endoscopic characteristics and management of Subepithelial Lesions in Video-Gastascopie","authors":"Abdulgafar A. Abdulameer, Zainab N. Mohammed, K. T. Tawfeeq","doi":"10.55940/medphar20222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar20222","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Subepithelial lesions (SELs) are incidental findings on endoscopies. Some have evil potential. Aim: Assess the prevalence, endoscopic characteristics, and diagnostic/therapeutic management of Sub-epithelial lesions (SELs) in video-gastroscopies (VGC). Materials and methods: All VGC for the period January 2011-June 2020 were included. Cases with missing data were excluded. Where a SELS was identified, the following was recorded: indication, age, sex, size, location and histology, findings from endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and surgical resection. Results: 55 SELS were evidenced in 7,983 patients (0.7%). 72% were women and the most common indication was dyspepsia (26%). The most frequent location was in the stomach (74%). The mean size was 16 mm (5-50 mm) and half were smaller than 10 mm. Seven presented ulcerated mucous, 4 were located in the gastric body and 86% were referred for gastrointestinal bleeding/anemia. In 26 cases of 55 (48%) standard biopsies were performed and in 6 of the 55 (11%) biopsies on biopsies, with no diagnostic yield. EUS was performed in 11% of them, all larger than 10 mm: 2 ectopic pancreases, 1 lesion compatible leiomyoma, 2 lesions of the muscularis propria (leiomyoma / GIST), and 1 extrinsic compression. No FNA was performed. All LSEs were managed conservatively. Conclusions: This is the first national study on the prevalence of SELS in the upper gastrointestinal tract and it was comparable to that of other series. The diagnostic yield of the biopsy was null. In most cases, the lesions were managed according to the recommendations of international guidelines.","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86403471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SARS-CoV-2 infection is an acute pneumonia attack caused by a largely-infectious, recently elicited, and murdered virus with global public health issues and economic problems. Many antiviral agents were tried to eradicate COVID-19 infections, and some showed significant benefits with minimal toxicity. Although other agents showed some acceptable efficacy, these agents were associated with serious adverse effects. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate antiviral therapies that could help patients eliminate COVID-19. To conduct this review, we used many search engines, including the electronic databases Sci-ence Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from Nov. 2020 to Apr. 2022. This research aims to evaluate the Efficacy and safety of antiviral agents that have been clinically tested against COVID-19 infection, with an emphasis on FDA-approved antiviral agents such as remdesivir, Paxlovid, and molnupiravir to reduce the severity of COVID-19 infection and lower the mortality rate.
SARS-CoV-2感染是一种急性肺炎发作，由一种传染性很强、最近被发现并被杀死的病毒引起，具有全球公共卫生问题和经济问题。许多抗病毒药物被试图根除COVID-19感染，其中一些显示出显著的疗效，毒性很小。虽然其他药物显示出一些可接受的疗效，但这些药物与严重的不良反应有关。在这方面，我们对文献进行了系统回顾，以评估可以帮助患者消除COVID-19的抗病毒疗法。为了进行本综述，我们使用了多种搜索引擎，包括电子数据库Science Direct、b谷歌Scholar、PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science，时间为2020年11月至2022年4月。本研究旨在评估已临床试验的抗病毒药物对COVID-19感染的疗效和安全性，重点研究fda批准的瑞德西韦、Paxlovid、莫诺匹拉韦等抗病毒药物对降低COVID-19感染严重程度和降低死亡率的作用。
{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of antiviral drugs against covid-19 infection: an updated systemic review","authors":"Atheer M. R. Al-juhaishi, N. D. Aziz","doi":"10.55940/medphar20226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar20226","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 infection is an acute pneumonia attack caused by a largely-infectious, recently elicited, and murdered virus with global public health issues and economic problems. Many antiviral agents were tried to eradicate COVID-19 infections, and some showed significant benefits with minimal toxicity. Although other agents showed some acceptable efficacy, these agents were associated with serious adverse effects. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate antiviral therapies that could help patients eliminate COVID-19. To conduct this review, we used many search engines, including the electronic databases Sci-ence Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from Nov. 2020 to Apr. 2022. This research aims to evaluate the Efficacy and safety of antiviral agents that have been clinically tested against COVID-19 infection, with an emphasis on FDA-approved antiviral agents such as remdesivir, Paxlovid, and molnupiravir to reduce the severity of COVID-19 infection and lower the mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74333652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methicillin was known as an antibiotic that was used to treat many infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, but in a short period of time this antibiotic entered the medical field and eventually led to the emergence of methicillin-resistant strains of bacteria, and it is believed that methicillin resistance resulted from the bacterial acquisition of a gene that encodes a protein capable of. This strain is known as methicillin-resistant aureus, MRSA. However, the danger of antibiotic resistance does not stop there, especially if we know the emergence of new strains of bacteria that are resistant to the most powerful antibiotics, namely New Delhi Metallo beta-lactamases. In this article, we will talk about the two types of antibiotic resistance, methods of prevention and reduction of resistance, and a brief history of each of them.
{"title":"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and New Delhi Metallo beta-lactamases- types of antibiotic resistance, methods of prevention.","authors":"Hany Akeel Al-hussaniy, Z. S. Al-tameemi","doi":"10.55940/medphar20223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar20223","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin was known as an antibiotic that was used to treat many infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, but in a short period of time this antibiotic entered the medical field and eventually led to the emergence of methicillin-resistant strains of bacteria, and it is believed that methicillin resistance resulted from the bacterial acquisition of a gene that encodes a protein capable of. This strain is known as methicillin-resistant aureus, MRSA. However, the danger of antibiotic resistance does not stop there, especially if we know the emergence of new strains of bacteria that are resistant to the most powerful antibiotics, namely New Delhi Metallo beta-lactamases. In this article, we will talk about the two types of antibiotic resistance, methods of prevention and reduction of resistance, and a brief history of each of them.","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79038140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. A. Al-hussaniy, Raghid R. Altalebi, Frank M Tylor, A. Alwash, M. Naji, Zahraa Salam Kadhim
There is a lot of research and information on drugs and treatments, but a questionnaire was conducted to find out the degree of knowledge of doctors and medical personnel in general about the hormone leptin. It was found that many people do not know what leptin is and what it's a role in the body Leptin is a hormone that plays a key role in energy consumption and regulation of energy consumption. Leptin hormone is one of the hormones that have a basic role in many vital functions of the body, and this hormone has been called many names, based on its work in the body, and the most prominent of these names are; The obesity hormone, the hunger hormone, and the fat hormone as well (1), Leptin hormone is known as a peptide hormone that is produced and secreted by fat cells responsible for regulating body weight, acting on the hypothalamus in order to reduce appetite, in addition to working to burn fat stored in adipose tissue. The hormone leptin has also been known as the hunger hormone or the satiety hormone; Because it is the hormone responsible for sending some
{"title":"Leptin Hormone: In Brief","authors":"H. A. Al-hussaniy, Raghid R. Altalebi, Frank M Tylor, A. Alwash, M. Naji, Zahraa Salam Kadhim","doi":"10.55940/medphar20221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar20221","url":null,"abstract":"There is a lot of research and information on drugs and treatments, but a questionnaire was conducted to find out the degree of knowledge of doctors and medical personnel in general about the hormone leptin. It was found that many people do not know what leptin is and what it's a role in the body Leptin is a hormone that plays a key role in energy consumption and regulation of energy consumption. Leptin hormone is one of the hormones that have a basic role in many vital functions of the body, and this hormone has been called many names, based on its work in the body, and the most prominent of these names are; The obesity hormone, the hunger hormone, and the fat hormone as well (1), Leptin hormone is known as a peptide hormone that is produced and secreted by fat cells responsible for regulating body weight, acting on the hypothalamus in order to reduce appetite, in addition to working to burn fat stored in adipose tissue. The hormone leptin has also been known as the hunger hormone or the satiety hormone; Because it is the hormone responsible for sending some","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83986716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In addition to energy storage, the adipose tissue plays multiple important roles, particularly the secretion of biomolecules such as leptin that participate in the neuroendocrine regulation of appetite. Therefore, this review sought to understand the influence of leptin on the genesis of obesity. A systemic review of the literature was conducted using articles published in English between 2016 and 2022. Ten experimental studies that introduced new approaches for treating leptin-resistant individuals were selected. The results showed that a structured food plan with a negative energy balance combined with a regular physical activity routine remains the best way to combat obesity and leptin resistance problems. It is possible to conclude that leptin resistance contributes to maintaining obesity. However, to date, there remains a lack of evidence that demonstrates a direct relationship between the poor function of this peptide and the genesis of obesity.
{"title":"The Role of Leptin Hormone, Neuropeptide Y, Ghrelin and Leptin/Ghrelin ratio in Obesogenesis","authors":"Hany A. Al-hussaniy, H. A. Al-biati","doi":"10.55940/medphar20227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55940/medphar20227","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to energy storage, the adipose tissue plays multiple important roles, particularly the secretion of biomolecules such as leptin that participate in the neuroendocrine regulation of appetite. Therefore, this review sought to understand the influence of leptin on the genesis of obesity. A systemic review of the literature was conducted using articles published in English between 2016 and 2022. Ten experimental studies that introduced new approaches for treating leptin-resistant individuals were selected. The results showed that a structured food plan with a negative energy balance combined with a regular physical activity routine remains the best way to combat obesity and leptin resistance problems. It is possible to conclude that leptin resistance contributes to maintaining obesity. However, to date, there remains a lack of evidence that demonstrates a direct relationship between the poor function of this peptide and the genesis of obesity.","PeriodicalId":7822,"journal":{"name":"Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82704689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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